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8/12/2019 Intermolecular Forces of Attraction.pptx
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D O N K I N G E V A N G E L I S T A
P H I L I P P I N E N O R M A L U N I V E R S I T Y - M A N I L A
B S C H E M I S T R Y F O R T E A C H E R S
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OUTLINE OF
DISCUSSION
Two general types of bonds
Intermolecular Bonds
Ion-dipole
Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen bonds
Ion-induced dipole
Dipole-induced dipole Dispersion/London/van der Waals
Biochemical Application and Importance of IMFA
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TWO GENERAL TYPES
OF BONDS
Intramolecular Bonds
Intermolecular Bonds
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INTRAMOLECULAR
BONDS
Reference: Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, Martin Silberberg
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INTERMOLECULAR
BONDS
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ION-DIPOLE
INTERACTION
When an ion and a nearby polar
molecule (dipole) attract each other, an
ion- dipole force results.
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HYDROGEN
BOND
A special type of dipole-dipole
force arises between molecules
that have an H atom bonded to asmall, highly electronegative
atom with lone electron pairs.
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EXERCISE:
Which among these three molecules will have the possibility
of H-bonding?
A. C2H6
B. CH3OH
C. CH3CONH2
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H-Bonding is very important in
Biological Molecules
especially in the three majorbiopolymersproteins,
nucleic acids and
carbohydrates.
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AMINO ACIDS
Building blocks of proteins.
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Structural Hierarchy of Protein Organization
SEQUENCE STRUCTURE FUNCTION
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ALPHA-HELIX (SECONDARY
STRUCTURE)
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BETA-PLEATED SHEETS
(SECONDARY STRUCTURE)
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TERTIARY STRUCTURE
STABILIZATION
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NUCLEIC
ACIDS
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CARBOHYDRATES
(POLYSACCHARIDES)
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CELLULOSE
(B-1,4-GLUCOSE LINKAGE)
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DIPOLE DIPOLE
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DIPOLE-DIPOLE
FORCES
When polar molecules lie near one
another, as in liquids and solids,
their partial charges act as tiny
electric fields that orient them and
give rise to dipole-dipole forces: the
positive pole of one molecule
attracts the negative pole ofanother.
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For molecular compounds of
approximately the same size
and molar mass, the greater
the dipole moment, the
greater the dipole-dipoleforces between the
molecules are, and so the
more energy it takes to
separate them.
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ION-INDUCED DIPOLE
-An ions charge distorts the
electron cloud of a nearby non-
polar molecule.-Example: Fe(2+) ion in
hemoglobin and O2in the
bloodstream.
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DIPOLE-INDUCED
DIPOLE
-Arise when a polar molecule
distorts the electron cloud of a
nearby non-polar molecule.
LONDON/VAN DER
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LONDON/VAN DER
WAALS/ DISPERSION
FORCES
-Primary responsible for the condensed
states of non-polar substances.
-Caused by momentarily oscillations of
electron charges in the atom, and therefore,
present in all particles.
-Instant dipoles
-The most dominant IMFA.
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