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Integumentary System
Objectives Name and describe the two layers of the skin. Name and describe the layers of the epidermis. Describe the generation of new cells in the epidermis. Explain the role of melanin in the skin. Discuss potential normal and abnormal skin colors and identify the cause of
each. Explain the five functions of skin. Describe the structure and function of hair. Describe the structure of nails. List some common nail abnormalities and their causes. Name the two types of sweat glands and discuss the structure and function of
each. Differentiate between sebaceous and ceruminous glands.
Identify the location and structure and function of each.
Discuss the three classes of burns, including the complications of each. Describe the three types of skin cancer.
Cutaneous Membrane
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Integumentary System Skin
Appendages
Hair
Nails
Skin Glands
Integumentary System Consists of 2 Layers
Epidermis Outermost layer
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
NO Blood vessels
Dermis Connective tissue
Collagen fibers (strengthen)
Elastin fibers (elasticity)
Reticular(bind collagen and elastin)
Hypodermis
Epidermis Skin’s outermost layer
Receives oxygen and nutrients from dermis
Layers of Epidermis
View animation on “The generation of skin layers”
Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Layers of the Epidermis Stratum Basale
Innermost layer
Columnar stem cells
Continuing undergo mitosis
Produce new skin cells
Layers of the Epidermis New skin cells push older cells upward
Older cells stop dividing
Produce keratin Replaces cytoplasm and nucleus
Cells flatten and die
Stratum Corneum is formed 30 layers of dead,flat cells
Barrier to water entering body
Allows for evaporation
Multiple layers help resist abrasion
Dermis Blood vessels
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Nerve endings
Hair follicles
Hypodermis Areolar tissue
Adipose tissue
Binds skin to underlying tissue
Animation- Skin Layers Student Resources
Animation- Chapter 5
“Generation of Skin Layers”
Skin Color Melanocytes produce melanin.
Melanin protects the nucleus (DNA) from ultraviolet (UV) exposure.
The amount and type of melanin determines skin color.
Melanin 2 types
Pheomelanin (reddish color) Eumelanin (brown-black color)
Disorders can cause: Abnormal skin color Cyanosis Jaundice Bronzing Albinism Erythema Pallor Hematoma
Albinism Genetic lack of melanin
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Functions of the Skin (5) Protection
Barrier
Vitamin D production
Sensory perception
Thermoregulation
Nerves in the dermis cause blood vessels to dilate or constrict
Regulate heat loss
Function of Skin- Protection Blocks microorganisms
Blocks harmful chemicals
Secretes a surface film
Blocks toxins
Inhibit growth of microorganisms
Blocks UV rays
Question
New skin cells produce which tough, fibrous protein?
A. CollagenB. ElastinC. MelaninD. Keratin
HairShaft
Hair follicle
Hair bulb or root
Papilla
Arrector pili
Hair Extends above the skin’s surface.
Hair follicle Lies within a sheet of the epidermis
Rich nerve and blood supply
Hair root Dermis
Where growth occurs
Papilla Base of hair
Cluster of connective tissue and blood vessels
Nourishes each hair
HairWhat causes it to “Stand on End?” Arrector Pili Muscle
Attached to each hair follicle
Bundle of smooth muscle
Cold or fear
Muscles contract
Hair becomes more upright
Nails
Nail body
Cuticle
Lunula
Nail bed Nail root
Nails Consists of densely packed Heavily keratinized epithelial cells Nail Body
Visible part of the nail
Cuticle Fold of skin surrounding the nail body
Lunula Crescent shaped white area at the base of the nail
Nail root Proximal end Hidden underneath overlying tissue
Nail bed Layer of epithelium under nail Pink Rich in blood supply
Nails Growth
Newly keratinized cells
Added to nail root
Nail is pushed forward
Nails Disorders
Clubbing
Lung disease
Cyanosis
Flattened or concave nail beds
Dark lines beneath nail
White nails
Yellowish nails
Pale nail beds
Sweat Glands
Eccrine gland
Apocrine gland
Sebaceous gland
Sweat Glands 2 types
Eccrine
Apocrine
Sweat Glands- Eccrine Contain a duct that leads from the secretory portion to the skin’s
surface Located in
Palms Soles Forehead Upper Torso
Produce sweat Maintain a constant core temperature Eliminates wastes
Ammonia Lactic Acid Uric Acid Potassium
Sweat Glands- Apocrine Contain a duct that leads to a hair follicle
Begin to function at puberty
Located
Axillary
Anogenital (groin) region
Scent glands
Respond to stress and sexual stimulation
Strong order occurs when there is accumulation
Bacteria degrade substances in sweat
Sweat Glands- Effect on Aging Decline in number of sweat glands
Decline in output of existing sweat glands
Interfere with ability to “cool down”
Develop heat stroke
Sweat- Phone Question Approximately how much fluid does the body lose per
day in insensible perspiration?
Sebaceous Glands Open into a hair follicle
Secrete oily substance- Sebum
Keep skin and hair from drying out
Antibacterial
Antifungal
Production increases during adolescence
Accumulation in gland ducts
Blackheads
Pimples
Question
Which glands secrete sweat onto the skin’s surface?
A. Apocrine glandsB. Eccrine glandsC. Sebaceous glandsD. Ceruminous glands
First-Degree Burn Involves only the
epidermis
Causes redness, slight swelling, and pain
Often results from sunlight (sunburn)
Second-Degree Burn Involves the epidermis and part of
the dermis
Results in blisters, severe pain, and swelling
May result in scarring
May appear red, white, tan
Third-Degree Burn Extends into the
subcutaneous layer
May not be painful initially
May appear white or black
and leathery
Often requires skin grafts
Third Degree Burn Complications
Infection
Fluid loss
Lack of thermoregulation
Nerve endings in dermis destroyed
Prevents sensory input from reaching brain
Painless- initially
Third Degree Burn Eschar
Dead tissue resulting from a burn
Secretes toxins and promotes bacterial growth
Restrict circulation
Question- Kahoot.it
Skin and Burns Kahoot
Rule of Nines
Quiz Review Know how the skin regulates body temperature
Know what the classifications of burns are
Know the layers of skin and what they contain
Know the life cycle of an epidermal cell
Know disease clubbing of nails is associated with
Know which layer of skin is nourished by diffusion
Know what melanin does
Know what eccrine glands are
Know what apocrine glands are
Know what the papilla does
Homework Read Chapter 5- Integumentary System
House Call- Due on Test Day- Quiz Grade
Quiz – October 6, 2016
Test Chap 5/6- October 11, 2015
Extra Credit – 4 points on test (2 questions)
Chapter 5 Workbook- Due on test day
Watch Animations in Davis Book
Under Student Resources
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