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Integrating Dewey Decimal Classification scheme in library software for effective subject
searching
ResearchersArif Khan, Research Librarian, PARD
Dr. Haroon Idrees, AP, University of Sargodha
Purpose
• This paper discusses the application of Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme (21st Edition) in a Library Software for effective Subject Searching
Presentation Sequence
• Analysis (Problem Definition)• Design (what is the system)• Implementation (how the system works)• Results
Library Catalog
• In automated environment, end-user searches the library catalog through Title, Author, and Subject primarily.
• The cataloguer is required to assign proper subject headings to each and every record in order to make the information retrievable.
Search by Subject
• When User search library catalog through Subject, the system looks to find the given keyword in assigned subject headings and retrieve the relevant records.
Problem Definition
• What if the standard subject headings are not assigned to each item in catalog?
• How can we enable Subject Search on library catalog without assigning subject headings to each item?
• How can we save time of the cataloguer for such inevitable but elongated effort?
Answers
• No record found• There should be an equally suitable alternate• By developing automated system to get the
work done
Alternative
• We present an alternate approach of executing subject search through classification number and not by the simple method of finding keyword in assigned subject headings.
The CVM
• The proposed system determines the subject heading itself and then executes Subject Search on library catalog through its automatic mechanism.
• How it Works?
Design
• We added DDC to our Searching Module called Controlled Vocabulary Module (CVM) which determines the subject heading for a given keyword and find records against each Dewey Number in library catalog
• Lets see the System’s Flowchart
How this system works?User Input
C.V.MRecords
Extracted
Display ResultsRecords Sorted
SH defined
Implementation
• Lets see how CVM defines the subject heading for a given keyword
CMV is managed using a simple Table
Class Number Class Caption Dewey Index Term LCST
297.122 Quran KoranQoranQuranSacred books--Islam
Koran storiesKoran Relation to the Bible.Muhammad, Prophet, d. 632.
330 Economics Economic rightsEconomics
EconomicsInstitutional economicsEconomics--Moral and ethical aspectsEconomics--MethodologyComparative economics
340 Law Federal law (Treatises)JurisprudenceLaw
JurisprudenceLawLaw--QuotationsLaw--Interpretation and constructionLaw--Congresses
355 Military Sc. Armed forcesArmed servicesGround forcesLand forces Military artsMilitary services
Military art and scienceWar--Quotations, maxims, etcMilitary art and science--Early works to 1800Military art and science--TranslationsMilitary art and science--Quotations,
User enters a word to search
Terrorism
Terrorism
Class Number Class Caption Dewey Index Term LCSH
330 Economics
363.325 Terrorism—prevention
341 International Law
658 Management
300 Social Science
341.773 Terrorism—International Law
303.625 Terrorism
378 Higher Education
385 Railroad Transportation
363.32 Control of violence and Terrorism
364.1 Criminal offenses ConspiracyCrimesCrimes without victimsCriminal offensesTerrorism--criminology
Terrorism--HistoryTerrorism--Handbooks, manuals, etcTerrorism--Great Britain—Prevention
Controlled Vocabulary Module
TerrorismControlled Vocabulary Module
List of Class Numbers
303.625
341.773
363.325
327.117345.02364.1658.473
Find Bibliographic Records against each Dewey Number
Class Bibliographic Records363.325 Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide
Terrorism by Robert A. Pape
363.3250681 Disrupting threat finances : using financial information to disrupt terrorist organizations by Anderson, Wesley J. L
363.3251 Less Safe, Less Free: Why America Is Losing the War on Terror by David Cole
363.3255 Defusing Armageddon: Inside NEST, America's Secret Nuclear Bomb Squad by Jeffrey T Richelson
363.3259 Unsafe at Any Altitude: Exposing the Illusion of Aviation Security by Susan B. Trento
303.623 American Mobbing, 1828-1861: Toward Civil War by David Grimsted
341.773 International Terrorism: Legal Challenges and Responses by Ved Nanda
658.473 Violence at work : causes, patterns and prevention by M.L.Gill
System Structure
• The library database is created in Microsoft SQL Server 2005
• The searching module of our software is called Controlled Vocabulary Module (CVM)
• Electronic version of DDC 21st Edition was imported in CVM
Objectives
• Primary objective of conducting this study was to document, preserve and present the process of enhancing the subject search mechanism of locally built library software
Literature Review
• We have conducted a thorough literature review on the topics covering case studies and experiments on developing information retrieval systems
• Please refer to our paper for further details
Results
• We conducted a test to validate the results of CVM
• We installed two PCs in library (one with CVM and other without CVM)
• Library users as well as staff were asked to use both the systems and record their findings
Results….contd.
• Results were compared in terms of:– Number of hits (retrieved records) by each system– Relevancy and closeness to Dewey Class Number– Users’ remarks
Future Work
• We intend to build API of this CVM to be attached with commonly used locally built library software
• Another intended work is to upgrade the auto update mechanism of this system
Value
• an effective software product is developed and implemented in a real-world environment
• Lessons learned from the project, and implications for practice and research are offered.
• Specifically, the developed module is utilized for the enhancement of Information Search & Retrieval module of library management system
Thank you
• Questions, if any
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