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Instrumenting the city: developing methods for observing and understanding the digi
tal cityscape
Ubicomp 2006
Eamonn O’Neill, Vassilis Kostakos, Tim Kindberg, Ava Fatah gen. Schiek, Alan Penn, Dana
ë Stanton Fraser and Tim Jones
Presenter: Jen-hao
Introduction
• The technologies interweave with the built environment.
• We need to understand the city as a system, encompassing it’s physical and digital forms and their relationships with people’s behaviors.
Physical form v.s. Digital form
BluetoothBluetooth
WiFi
3G, GPRS
-Physical -Digital
Space syntax
• Space syntax analyses cities as systems of space created by the physical artifacts.
• Urban design plays a critical role in the construction of society and social behaviors.
Space syntax
Axial map of Tokyo, 70,000 lines, coloured by radius-n integration.
salle commune
salle commune
salle commune
salle commune
salle commune
salle commune
Gatecounts
• A gate is conceptual line across a street.• The observer stands on the street and counts
the number of people crossing that line.
Static snapshots
• Recording both stationary and moving activities in the space.
• Understanding how people appropriate a particular space, and how people use it to contact with each other.
Interaction space
• Interaction spaces that are created by artifacts or devices such as computer displays.
• Interaction spaces may also be wireless.– Fixed: 3G, Wifi, GPRS– Mobile: Bluetooth
Extending the gatecount method
• Bluetooth scanners are installed on the streets with low, medium and high pedestrians flows.
A Bluetooth gate
Extending static snapshots method
• Scanners are installed in a bar and in a café.
• Human observers recorded people’s positions, behaviors and movements through space, and the precise time of these activities.
Field trials
Field trials
Bluetooth names
• Default names– “NOKIA 6680”, “TomTom GO 300”
• User-defined names: – “Pick me pick me”, “Send me porn”, “U Found me”…– “Nokia 6280 Wayne”, “Annie”, “John K. Taylor”
• 58% of discoverable devices had user-defined names• The naming reflects the intentions of interactions with
the others. • The user defines the “feel” of the interaction space.
Conclusions and future work
• Providing a way to analyze and understand ubiquitous computing features as integral aspects of the urban environment.
• Continue to refine the scanning methods to raise the accuracy.
• Understanding the city as a system encompassing both the built environment and ubiquitous technologies.
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