Ingrid moerman isbo ng wi nets - overview of the project

ISBO NG WiNeTs Next Generation Wireless Networks and Terminals

NES & WATS IBCN PATS SMIT

Program

  14.00 - 14.10 Introduction & Context of the NG Wireless project Wim De Waele , IBBT

  14.10 - 14.55 Overview of the NG Wireless project: Ingrid Moerman, IBBT-IBCN-UGent

  14.55 - 15.10 Storyline introducing the demos Peter De Cleyn, IBBT-PATS-UA

  15.10 - 15.55 Plenary demo presentations   Monitoring interference with sensing technology focusing on low-power lost

cost sensing solutions for sensing terminals   Avoiding interference with context-aware adaptive protocols   Minimizing interference with cooperative networks

  15.55 - 16.10 Accounting interference: impact of interference on revenue modeling – results Vânia Gonçalves, IBBT-SMIT-VUB

  16.10 - ... Demo boots and networking drink

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ISBO NG WiNeTs Next Generation Wireless Networks and Terminals Ingrid Moerman IBBT-IBCN, Ghent University

NES & WATS IBCN PATS SMIT

Outline

 Situating the project  Objectives  Research partners  Milestones  Demos  Regulatory trends & business aspects

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Outline

 Situating the project  Wireless networks today  Wireless networks tomorrow: cognitive radio  Cognitive radio research

 Objectives  Research partners  Milestones  Demos  Regulatory trends & business aspects

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Wireless networks today   A multitude of wireless technologies & standards

  building on proprietary or standardized radio technologies

  Tuned for a specific application

  Many non-interoperable solutions   different architectures   different protocols

  Assumption of homogeneous nodes   same protocol stack on all nodes within network

  No cooperation between networks

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Internet evolution: multitude of networks

  4G communication networks   Evolution towards a “network of networks”,

integrating different technologies (WLAN, UMTS, Ad Hoc, cellular…)

  Characteristics   IP-based   Broadband   Wireless access   Support of mobility   Heterogeneity   …

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Internet evolution: multitude of end devices (1)

 Personal devices

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 Embedded devices

Internet evolution: multitude of end devices (2)

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Artificiële retina

Internet evolution: a multitude of services

?

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Internet evolution: a multitude of co-located wireless devices

  Observation   Growing importance of mobile & wireless networks

  Continuous evolution of wireless technologies   Ever increasing number/density of wireless devices   emergence of wireless sensor networks (‘Internet of things’)

  Increasing heterogeneity of the Internet   Heterogeneous network technologies

  wired & wireless networks   licensed & unlicensed technologies   underutilization of licensed spectrum, scarce unlicensed spectrum

  Heterogeneous devices   network interfaces, memory/processing capacity, power supply, fixed/mobile…

  Heterogeneous services   Dynamics of mobile and wireless environment

  (un)controlled interference, fading, (dis)appearing of devices…   Need for more advanced, more flexible communication paradigms

supporting coexistence of heterogeneous wireless technologies

Cognitive Radio 11

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  The 4A vision (ITU) = network ubiquity + connectivity to anything   AnyTIME, AnyWHERE connectivity for Anyone for Anything

Cognitive radio and 4A vision

Source: ITU Internet Reports 2005: The Internet of Things

For AnyONE AnyTIME connection

On the move

Night

Daytime

AnyWHERE connection

AnyTHING connection

Between PCs Human to Human (H2H), not using a PC Human to Thing (H2T), using generic equipment

Thing to Thing (T2T)

Cognitive radio and 4A vision

  enough spectrum, no matter when (daytime, night, on the move…)

  enough spectrum, no matter where (home, office, indoor, outdoor, at events, on the move…)

  enough spectrum, no matter who (young, old, skilled, non-skilled…)

  enough spectrum, no matter which device (from powerful PCs/laptops up to small embedded devices with very limited capabilities).

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For AnyONE

AnyTIME connection

AnyWHERE connection

AnyTHING connection

  Vertical spectrum sharing   primary users have exclusive spectrum usage rights in a certain band

  secondary users either lease or just autonomously use the spectrum without creating harmful interference to the primaries

  Horizontal spectrum sharing   systems/users having equal spectrum usage rights

Cognitive radio = spectrum sharing

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Cognitive radio = more flexibility (1)

 Radio flexibility (5-tier concept of SDR Forum)   Hardware Radios

  no flexibility, fixed functionality   Software Controlled Radios

  Fixed signal path  SW interface allows to configure limited number of parameters

(current commercial radios)   Software Defined Radios

 SW reconfigurable signal path (current SoA flexible radios)   Ideal Software Radios

 more functionality of signal path in digital domain

  Ultimate Software Radios   blue sky vision: full programmability with analog/digital conversion

at antenna 15

Cognitive radio = more flexibility (2)

 Spectrum access flexibility   No flexibility or fixed access

  the frequency allocation scheme is fixed at a given time and location by regulatory bodies

  Opportunistic spectrum access   secondary users can actively search for unused spectrum in licensed

bands and communicate using these white holes. There is no feedback between primary and secondary users.

  Dynamic spectrum access   terminals and technologies can negotiate the use of wireless

spectrum locally for a certain time window at run-time. Dynamic spectrum access requires cooperation and negotiation between users.

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Outline

 Wireless networks today  Internet evolution  Wireless networks tomorrow: cognitive radio  Cognitive radio research

 Research areas  Experimentally-driven research

 Belgian research efforts on cognitive radio  Conclusions

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Cognitive radio research areas (1)

 Sensing the wireless environment   Identification of spectral opportunities   Methods

  detection performed in time or frequency domain   different level of knowledge (energy versus feature detection)   different computational complexity and sensing accuracy

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Cognitive radio research areas (2)

  (Re)configuration of wireless transmission parameters

 Level of collaboration   Level of information sharing

  local versus distributed sensing   Local versus global objective span

  local versus collective decisions   cross-layer, cross-node, cross-network optimization cognitive networking

  Optimization objective   minimal interference   minimal energy consumption   maximal QoS guarantees (e.g. maximal throughput)   minimal EM pollution   …

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Cognitive radio research

  Experimentally-driven research: why?   Dynamic nature of wireless environment

  uncontrolled interference   complex wireless channels (mobility, fading…)   (dis)appearing wireless devices

  Theoretical studies or network simulations are often unreliable   they build on simplified and inaccurate channel models   they do not take into account HW limitations

  Current experiments are limited   experimental platforms and measurements today are mainly based on

1.  laboratory equipment, such as vector spectrum analyzers, with high sensitivity

2.  very low-cost narrowband, limited sensitivity off-the-shelf components   only small scale experiments   sensing implementations focused on vertical spectrum sharing

(detection of TV signals) 20

Cognitive radio research

  Experimentally-driven research: how? (European vision)   Deployment of large-scale open testbed facilities in realistic wireless

environments in view experimental exploration & validation of cognitive radio and cognitive networking research

  Creation of flexible experimental platforms enabling various cognitive radio usage scenarios

  horizontal and vertical spectrum sharing   licensed and unlicensed bands   heterogeneous wireless technologies

  Development of benchmarking methods   enabling experiments under controlled and reproducible test conditions   offering automated procedures for experiments and methodologies for performance

evaluation   allowing a fair comparison between different cognitive radio & cognitive networking

concepts or between subsequent developments of diverse approaches

  Involvement of relevant stakeholders   academia   industry: equipment manufacturers, network operators, vendors…   regulatory bodies   standardization bodies 21

Outline

 Situating the project  Objectives  Research partners  Milestones  Demos  Regulatory trends & business aspects

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Objectives

  Overall research objective   To develop solutions for flexible and efficient use of network/spectrum

resources through appropriate sensing and adaptive/intelligent radio/network management.

  Focus areas 1.  Cognitive control functionalities enabling cognitive/opportunistic use of

network/spectrum resources 2.  Spectrum sensing functionality for better awareness of the

networking environment 3.  E2E energy/power optimization of wireless network and terminal

aspects 4.  Flexible and adaptive wireless node (software) architectures

enabling energy-efficient and reliable communication in dynamic, heterogeneous and large-scale wireless environments

5.  Market, standard and policy roadmaps and frameworks for Cognitive Radio and Opportunistic Radio

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Focus areas

 Cognitive control   Cognitive Radio Connectivity-centric Approach

  seamless connectivity across heterogeneous wireless networks (intelligent handover, learning capabilities)

  Cognitive Radio Spectrum-centric Approach   Horizontal spectrum sharing

  Coexistence of heterogeneous devices in ISM band (IEEE802.11, IEEE802.15.1, IEEE802.15.4)

  Study impact of interference   Interference avoidance techniques   Dynamic spectrum sharing

  Vertical spectrum sharing   Opportunistic spectrum sharing (frequency & time)   Coexistence of primary and secondary users

 Spectrum sensing functionality   Fast, cost-effective and energy-efficient sensing engine

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Focus areas

 End to End Energy Efficiency of Wireless Networks   Holistic power optimization approach

 Radio devices:   innovative implementations of terminals and base stations   power control strategies

 Radio transmission (PHY/MAC)   energy-efficient modulation and coding schemes   energy-aware radio link control and scheduling strategies   multi-mode operation and interoperability of coexisting modes

 Network architecture   Flexible modular node architecture

  avoiding duplicate functionality through a finer granularity of modules   multimode management   information-driven approach (based on information exchanges)   intelligent aggregation of data/control message

  HW/SW interaction between HW and SW modules (advanced HAL)

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Focus areas

 Advanced cooperation  Advanced sharing of

  Information   spectrum (distributed sensing)   network capabilities (distributed network discovery)

 Resources   routing capacity   processing capacity

 Services  Cross-layer/cross-node/cross-network cooperation

 Collective decisions  Global optimization

  minimizing interference   minimizing energy consumption   maximizing QoS (throughput, delay, reliability)

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Focus areas

 Market, standard and policy roadmaps  Study transitions in the wireless ecosystem provoked

by introduction of cognitive & opportunistic components  exploring future business, policy and standardization

frameworks in close collaboration with technical developments  Study of changes in interactions between present and new

stakeholders

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Outline

 Situating the project  Objectives  Research partners  Milestones  Demos  Regulatory trends & business aspects

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Research partners

  IMEC/NES   system architecture exploration and definition (wireless link

aspects)   Cognitive Radio Control (MAC) and Sensing solutions

  Radio resource management in complex environments   Algorithm development of SoA schemes   Intra-standard (WLAN, WIMAX, 3GPP-LTE, ...) cross-layer controller

  Cross-layer energy-aware optimizations

  IMEC/WATS   radio coexistence (WBAN-WLAN)   UWB positioning and localization

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Research partners

  IBCN   Heterogeneous wireless scenarios in ISM band

  Development of adaptive and flexible modular node architecture incorporating advanced hardware abstraction layer (HAL) supporting spectrum awareness

  Strategies for advanced information sharing and collaboration (cognitive networking)   Interference avoidance strategies

 Dynamic spectrum access

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Research partners

 PATS  Seamless handover mechanisms based on sensing

 Channel allocation algorithms in a heterogeneous environment

 Cooperation on MAC and Network layer in heterogeneous environments

 Resource sharing in MAC and Network layer in heterogeneous environments

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Research partners

 SMIT   Exploration and evaluation of new cognitive and

opportunistic radio frameworks in business, policy and standardization, devoting attention to potential intermediaries and cognitive enablers, in specific:   Intra and inter-firm incentives and bottlenecks for cooperation  Costs of sensing technology   Impact on spectrum use

  Analysis of the potential impact of sensing technology and interference on the cost and revenue models through specific application scenarios

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Outline

 Situating the project  Objectives  Research partners  Milestones  Demos  Regulatory trends & business aspects

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Research phases

 Step 1: Distributed Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks (2009)

  Heterogeneous networks awareness through spectrum sensing   Adaptation to minimize harmful interference based on sensing

 Step 2: Cooperative coexistence of heterogeneous Networks (2010)

  Communication with heterogeneous networks through SDR   Adaptation to minimize interference based on agreements

 Step 3: Collaborative heterogeneous Networks (2011)   Awareness through spectrum sensing   Optimal collaboration to improve user QoS given the spectral (and

energy) resource constraints.

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(Demo) milestones

  2009: Distributed Coexistence of Heterogeneous Networks

  Reference scenario: heterogeneous wireless coexistence in ISM band   Spectrum awareness: sensing functionality

  sensing multiple channels and multiple communication technologies in the ISM band

  Adaptive modular protocols   distributed interference avoidance algorithm   distributed channel allocation   global routing   optimization of QoS (throughput, reliability)

  Integration   Development of HAL incorporating spectrum awareness components

  Business Aspects:   Impact of interference (i.e., application QoS degradation) on revenue.

Revenue enhancements from improved coexistence.

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IBBT-IMEC experimental facilities

 Heterogeneous ISM test environment @ IBBT  Technologies

  commercial radios:   IEEE 802.11 (400)   IEEE 802.15.4 (> 200)   802.15.1 (200)

 open USRP software radios (10)   IMEC sensing platform (10)

  Spectral range: from 1 MHz to 6 GHz   Bandwidth: 1 MHz to 40 MHz

 Benchmarking framework  automated experimentation, performances analysis and

comparison of cognitive radio & cognitive networking solutions

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Outline

 Situating the project  Objectives  Research partners  Milestones  Demos

 Sensing interference  Avoiding interference  Minimizing interference

 Regulatory trends & business aspects

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Sensing interference

 Prototype: 500 MHz to 2.5 GHz

© imec/restricted 2010 38

500 MHz 2.5 GHz

•  40 nm RFIC •  On chip ADC •  100 MHz -> 6 GHz

Prototype demonstrating sensing capabilities of IMEC Scaldio2B

RFIC

Avoiding interference

Building floor during nighttime Building floor during daytime

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Avoiding interference

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Single channel Multi-channel

 Multichannel solution

Minimizing interference

  2 WSNs in each others range   Suboptimal routing   Suboptimal use of spectrum

  Route optimization by   Resource sharing   Back end routing will lead to higher spectrum efficiency

  Demo   TinySPOTComm

  Communication between 2 different sensor nodes, using identical radios   Global routing

  1 routing protocol across sensors and back-end network providing overall connectivity

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SunSPOT

TMote

Outline

 Situating the project  Objectives  Research partners  Milestones  Demos  Regulatory trends & business aspects

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Wireless Networks towards more Flexible Spectrum Management?

  Current regulatory system of exclusive, long-term spectrum licensing: inefficiency and high entry barriers   Spectrum underused   Innovation stifled   Customers locked-in

  Trend towards technological neutrality & spectrum sharing   Increasing heterogeneity of access technologies (despite LTE)   Huge demand for additional capacity   Digital dividend incites debate on spectrum refarming and sharing

  Towards more flexible forms of spectrum management   Dynamic Spectrum Allocation   Spectrum pooling   Secondary markets and change of use

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Cognitive Radio: Technologies to cope with Flexible Spectrum Management

 Cognitive Radio   New paradigm for mobile and wireless   Intelligence and autonomy of networks and handsets   Actively monitor context and change behaviour

  In context of Flexible Spectrum Management   Spectrum sensing   Spectrum sharing   Dynamic spectrum allocation

 May have repercussions on   Spectrum use   Spectrum cost   User experience   Industry architecture

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Regulatory Trends – WAPECS

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 WAPECS - Wireless Access Policy for Electronic Communications (WAPECS)   A framework for the provision of electronic communications

services within a set of frequency bands to be identified and agreed between European Union Member States in which a range of electronic communications networks and electronic communications services may be offered on a technology and service neutral basis, provided that certain technical requirements to avoid interference are met, to ensure the effective and efficient use of the spectrum, and the authorisation conditions do not distort competition.

Regulatory Trends – WAPECS

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Regulatory Trends – Digital Dividend

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 Harmonised conditions for the sub-band 790-862 MHz optimised for, but not limited to, fixed/mobile communications networks  Principle: least restrictive technical conditions  Avoid interference  Facilitate cross-border coordination

Regulatory Trends – Collective Use of Spectrum

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 CUS allows an undetermined number of independent users and/or devices to access spectrum   in the same range of frequencies  at the same time   in a particular geographic area  under a well-defined set of conditions

Regulatory Trends – Collective Use of Spectrum

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Potential Business Impact

 CAPEX and OPEX reduction for Network Operators/Spectrum Holders   Reduce costs in spectrum   Sub-lease excess capacity in licensed band   Efficient use of spectrum

 Diversification of NO’s service portfolio  Better performance and user experience   Increased QoS   Interoperability between services and networks  Cross-country operation: roaming   Increase of service value

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