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INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS,PERICARDITIS,
MYOCARDITIS
OBJECTIVES
• Explain the infective causes of endocarditis,myocarditis & pericarditis
• Pathogenesis of endocarditis,myocarditis & pericarditis
• Laboratory diagnosis of infective endocarditis
• Duke’s criteria in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Identify risk factors for developing infective endocarditis
• Enumerate the organisms that cause infective endocarditis
• Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of infective endocarditis
• Explain the cross- immune hypothesis of rheumatic heart disease
• List the types of pericarditis depending on the effusion (serous,fibrinous,haemorrhagic,casseous)
• Tests used to diagnosis myocarditis include:• Blood cultures for infection • Blood tests for antibodies against the heart muscle
and the body itself • Chest x-ray • Electrocardiogram (ECG) • Heart muscle biopsy (endomyocardial biopsy) • Red blood cell count • Ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram) • White blood cell count
• If fluid has built up in the pericardial sac, it may show on:• Chest MRI scan • Chest x-ray • ECG • Echocardiogram • Heart MRI or heart CT scan • Radionuclide scanning • These tests show:• Enlargement of the heart • Signs of inflammation • Scarring and contracture of the pericardium (
constrictive pericarditis)
• Blood culture • CBC • C-reactive protein • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) • HIV serology • Pericardiocentesis, with chemical analysis
and pericardial fluid culture • Tuberculin skin test
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