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1 page essay of air pollution caused by industrial activities in Palembang
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Pratama Rizqi Ariawan (Sriwijaya University) Environmental Science Assignment
Air Emission in Palembang City: Polluted Smokes Produced by Industrial Activities
Overview
Air emission / air pollution is any substance emitted
into the air from an anthropogenic, biogenic, or
geogenic source, that is either not part of the natural
atmosphere or is present in higher concentrations than
the natural atmosphere, and may cause a short-term or
long-term adverse effect (Daly, A. 2007).
Industrial activities have long been accused in
producing large amount of toxic air. Chemical and
heavy industry including cement, fertilizer, rubber,
plastic and resin, pulp and paper, textile, pesticide, and
steel manufacturer are the largest noxious fumes
generators. Another activity, mining industry, has also
been involved in polluting the fresh air.
The most common source of polluted fumes comes
from its production facilities such as:
Metal smelters (steel refinery process);
Burning fossil fuels for machinery;
Chemical additive during production process.
Air Emission in Palembang
In Palembang, several types of industries that may
produce hazardous fumes are:
Table 1: Types of Industries in Palembang
Type of Industry Number of Companies
Base chemical and Industrial Gasses 2
Cement (Portland type 1) 1
Fertilizer (urea) 1
Metal and Molding (nail, screw and bolt)
2
Plastic and Synthetic Resin 4
Rubber Crumb 9 Source: Ministry of Industry
Recently, Centre for Low Carbon Future (CLCF),
England, conducted a research to analyze the air
pollutions in 4 sectors that are industry, local housing,
domestic waste and transportation. (antaranews.com).
In particular, PT. Pupuk Sriwijaya which produces
fertilizers has been observed to measure the fumes.
The result was worrying, although it was still accepted.
In 2007, data taken from the housing area surrounding
PT. Pusri show that Ammoniac reached 529 µg/Nm3,
Sulphur dioxide 84.33 µg/Nm3, Carbon monoxide 5900
µg/Nm3, Nitrogen Oxide 53.33 µg/Nm
3, and Solid Particle
74 µg/Nm3. It showed that in average, the substances
reached up to a half of maximum save levels.
Standard Requirements of Chemical Substances
Produced by Industrial Activities
Table 2 Chemical Substances
Substances Type of Industry
Accepted level in
24 hours
Health Impact
Ammoniac Fertilizers 500 µg/Nm3 Bronchitis
Sulphur
Dioxide (SOx)
Melting steel
productions 365 µg/Nm3
Irritation of respiration
system
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
All types that use fossil fuels as energy
10.000 µg/Nm3 Narrow breath
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)
All types that use fossil fuels as energy
150 µg/Nm3 Faint
Hydrocarbon (CH)
Plastic, Resin, Pigment,
Pesticide, and Rubber production
235 µg/Nm3 Lung injury,
Cancer
Chlorine (Cl)
Plastic (PVC), Pulp and Paper, Drinking water sterilization, and
Textile
150 µg/Nm3 Eye
problem, Lung injury
Lead (Pb) Mining 2 µg/Nm3 Headache, Stroke, Eye
problem
Dust / Solid (Suspended Particulate
Matter)
Fertilizer, Mining, Waste recycle (incinerator)
150 µg/Nm3 Lung injury
Source: Ministry of Health
Reducing the Amount of Pollutants
The easiest way to reduce the amount of noxious
fumes is applying an electro precipitator or a scrubber
(a filter that uses liquid, reagent, or slurry to wash
unwanted pollutants) in smokestack/funnel before the
fumes out. Other ways that can be done include:
Using low carbon fuels or coals;
Modify the combustion facilities;
Planting more trees to absorb the gases.
References:
1. Anonym, Parameter Pencemar Udara dan Dampaknya Terhadap
Kesehatan, www.depkes.go.id/downloads/udara.pdf, Accessed
on February 28, 2014.
2. Daly, A, et al. 2007. An Introduction to Air Pollution –
Definitions, Classifications, and History. Chapter 1.
http://www.envirocomp.org/books/chapters/1aap.pdf. Accessed
on February 28, 2014.
3. http://btklplm.wordpress.com/category/kajian-lingkungan/
4. http://www.antaranews.com/berita/394813/lima-universitas-
inggris-kaji-polusi-udara-palembang
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