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Incorporating Metadata into Search User Interfaces
Ame Elliott Jen English
Ping Yee Kirsten Swearington
UC Berkeleyhttp://bailando.sims.berkeley.edu/flamenco.html
Marti Hearst Rashmi Sinha
Main Ideas
Search is changing: More emphasis on flexibly showing next choices Less emphasis on ranking
Web design is changing: More emphasis on dynamically determined views Less emphasis on pre-determined links
Two key ideas: Task-specific design Harnessing the power of metadata
A Taxonomy of WebSites
Catalog SitesWeb-based Information
Systems
Web-Presence Sites
Service-Oriented Sites
low
low
high
high
Complexity of Applications
Complexity of Data
From Mecca et al.,WebDB’99
An Important Trend
Web sites generated from databases Implications:
Web sites can adapt to user actions Web sites can be instrumented
Navigation on the Web
Web search engines are good at getting people to the right site.
But … what happens when the user reaches the site?
Follow Links … or …
Search
Following Hyperlinks Works great when it is clear where to go
next Frustrating when the desired directions
are undetectable or unavailable
Site Search Is not getting good reviews
An Analogy
text searchhypertext
Goal: An All-Tertrain Vehicle
The best of both techniques A vehicle that magically lays down track to
suggest choices of where you want to go next based on what you’ve done so far and what you are trying to do
The tracks follow the lay of the land and go everywhere, but cross over the crevasses
The tracks allow you to back up easily
New interfaces are mixing and matching thesaurus-style metadata
Time/Date Topic RoleGeoRegion
The question: how to do this effectively?
Goals for Metadata Usage
Well-integrated with search Provides useful hints of where to go next Tailored to task as it develops Personalized Dynamic
The FLAMENCO ProjectFLexible Access using MEtadata in Novel Combinations
Main goal: Perform systematic studies to determine how
metadata should be incorporated into search Answer questions such as:
Given a set of user goals and a set of information: How many metadata combinations to show? What level of detail to show? How best to preview and postview choices?
Evaluation Methodology
Regression Test Select a set of tasks
Use these throughout the evaluation Start with a baseline system
Evaluate using the test tasks Add a feature
Evaluation again Compare to baseline Only retain those changes that improve results
Recipe Example
soar.berkeley.edu/recipes
soar.berkeley.edu/recipes
soar.berkeley.edu/recipes
www.epicurious.com
www.epicurious.com
www.epicurious.com
www.epicurious.com
Epicurious Metadata Usage
Advantages Creates combinations of metadata on the fly Different metadata choices show the same information in
different ways Previews show how many recipes will result Easy to back up Supports several task types
``Help me find a summer pasta,'' (ingredient type with event type), ``How can I use an avocado in a salad?'' (ingredient type with dish type), ``How can I bake sea-bass'' (preparation type and ingredient type)
Metadata usage in Epicurious
PrepareCuisineIngredient Dish
Recipe
Metadata usage in Epicurious
PrepareCuisineIngredient Dish
PrepareCuisineDishISelect
Metadata usage in Epicurious
PrepareCuisineIngredient Dish
I >
Group by
PrepareCuisineDish
Metadata usage in Epicurious
PrepareCuisineIngredient Dish
PrepareCuisineDishI >
Group by
Metadata usage in Epicurious
PrepareCuisineIngredient Dish
PrepareCuisineDishI >
Group by
PrepareCuisineISelect
Metadata Usage in Epicurious
Can choose category types in any order But categories never more than one level deep And can never use more than one instance of a
category Even though items may be assigned more than one
of each category type Items (recipes) are dead-ends
Don’t link to “more like this” Not fully integrated with search
Epicurious Metadata UsageProblem: lacks integration with search
“Parametric” Search From an XML glossary
"A search request submitted to a search or database engine delivered with consideration for the metadata of the underlying dataset.”
www.sla.org/chapter/ctor/courier/v37/v37n1.pdf
A survey of sites using parametric search: http://www.amp.com/search/default.asp (see product family search) http://ebiz.zilog.com/ http://www.sears.com (Dieselpoint) http://dieselpoint.com/flashlink.htm (for Dieselpoint 2.0 demo) http://www.findmro.com (Requisite's BugsEye) http://www.cypress.com (Saqqara's one step) http://infineon-tech.sacosnet.de/search/index.htm http://www.idt.com/tools/parametric.html http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/psheets/parms/uarts.htm#parms http://www.gensemi.com/search/productsearch.htm http://www.usa.samsungsemi.com/search/ http://www.gearfinder.com http://www.mysimon.com/category/index.jhtml?c=babydiaperingbathing
“Parametric” Search Sites Goal is to focus on product group for comparison shopping. Common Procedure
Begin with a list of product "families" or groups. User selects a category, and is prompted to
1) select a sub-category from a list of hyperlinks or 2) select search parameters using a form
If the number of results is too big, the system may prompt the user to refine the search further.
When an acceptable number of results is returned, the user sees a list of products which can be:
1) sorted by various criteria 2) selected for display in a comparison table 3) viewed individually with more detail.
“Parametric” Search
Observations: Only one facet (appropriate for products?) No query previews Breadcrumbs rare Many allow sorting by attribute to facilitate
comparison “Others like this” simply moves up the
hierarchy
Application to Biomedical Text
Asthma > Steroids
1. A steroid-induced acute psychosis in a child with athsma.2. Management of steroid-dependent asthma with methotrexate.
1. A steroid-induced acute psychosis in a child with athsma.2. Management of steroid-dependent asthma with methotrexate.
Steroids•Pregnanes• Pregnadienes (5)• Prednisone (5)• Pregnenes• Budesonide (4)• Corticosterone (3)
Other Views• Admin & Dosage (50)• Drug Effects (20• Therapeutic Use (25)• Risk Factors (4)• More …
User Preferred• Musculoskeletal (4)•Drug Resistance (6)
•All Categories (99)
99 Documents: [Sort by author] [Sort by popularity] [Sort by Steroids] [Cluster]
1. Effect of short-course budesonide on the bone turnover of asthmatic children.2. Effect of prednisone on response to influenza virus vaccine in asthmatic children.…
1. Effect of short-course budesonide on the bone turnover of asthmatic children.2. Effect of prednisone on response to influenza virus vaccine in asthmatic children.…
Asthma > Steroids
1. A steroid-induced acute psychosis in a child with athsma.2. Management of steroid-dependent asthma with methotrexate.
1. A steroid-induced acute psychosis in a child with athsma.2. Management of steroid-dependent asthma with methotrexate.
Steroids•Pregnanes• Pregnadienes (5)• Prednisone (5)• Pregnenes• Budesonide (4)• Corticosterone (3)
Other Views• Admin & Dosage (50)• Drug Effects (20• Therapeutic Use (25)• Risk Factors (4)• More …
User Preferred• Musculoskeletal (4)•Drug Resistance (6)
•All Categories (99)
99 Documents: [Sort by author] [Sort by popularity] [Sort by Steroids] [Cluster]
1. Effect of short-course budesonide on the bone turnover of asthmatic children.2. Effect of prednisone on response to influenza virus vaccine in asthmatic children.…
1. Effect of short-course budesonide on the bone turnover of asthmatic children.2. Effect of prednisone on response to influenza virus vaccine in asthmatic children.…
Asthma > Steroids
1. A steroid-induced acute psychosis in a child with athsma.2. Management of steroid-dependent asthma with methotrexate.
1. A steroid-induced acute psychosis in a child with athsma.2. Management of steroid-dependent asthma with methotrexate.
Steroids•Pregnanes Pregnadienes (5) Prednisone (5)• Pregnenes Budesonide (4) Corticosterone (3)
Other Views• Admin & Dosage (50)• Drug Effects (20• Therapeutic Use (25)• Risk Factors (4)• More …
User Preferred• Musculoskeletal (4)•Drug Resistance (6)
•All Categories (99)
99 Documents: [Sort by author] [Sort by popularity] [Sort by Steroids] [Cluster]
1. Effect of short-course budesonide on the bone turnover of asthmatic children.2. Effect of prednisone on response to influenza virus vaccine in asthmatic children.…
1. Effect of short-course budesonide on the bone turnover of asthmatic children.2. Effect of prednisone on response to influenza virus vaccine in asthmatic children.…
Asthma > Steroids > Admin & Dosage
1. Dosage levels for asthmatic steroids: A survey.1. Dosage levels for asthmatic steroids: A survey.
Steroids•Pregnanes Pregnadienes (3) Prednisone (5)
Related Categories•Inhalators (40)•Emotional Effects (25)•Preferred Suppliers (30)
User Preferred• Musculoskeletal (0)•Drug Resistance (2)
•All Categories (50)
50 Documents: [Sort by author] [Sort by popularity] [Sort by Dosage] [Cluster]
1. Optimal dosage levels for prednisone in the treatment of childhood asthma.2. …
1. Optimal dosage levels for prednisone in the treatment of childhood asthma.2. …
Other paths: back up and go forward
Asthma > Steroids > Budesonide > Huang
Asthma > Huang > Budesonide
Asthma > Steroids
Asthma > Steroids > Budesonide
Medical example
Use dynamic previews Allow user to select metadata in any order At each step, show different types of relevant
metadata, based on prior steps and personal history, include # of documents
Previews restricted to only those metadata types that might be helpful
Dynamic Metadata Previews
How different from Yahoo & Amazon? Dynamically determine what to show next
Yahoo’s combos are predefined Amazon’s are also predefined, and limited to taste
and general topic only
A way to seamlessly integrate Related topics User preferences (personalization) Context-sensitivity
Application to Image Search
Summary
Investigating how to design websites containing large sets of items Biomedical text Architectural images
Metadata is being mixed and matched in interesting ways, but there are no guidelines on what works
SummaryOur goals
Systematically determine what works, with the following emphases:
Task-centric Integrate metadata with search Dynamic previews Easily retrace steps
Develop recommendations that reflect both the task structure and the richness of the information structure
In future: integrate with more sophisticated displays
http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst
http://bailando.sims.berkeley.edu
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