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8/14/2019 In the Time That It Takes the Music to Playwrite
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In the time that it takes
the music to playwriteas much as you know
about bonds
Compound with the mostcorrect wins!
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What determines
the type of bondthat forms?
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ELECTRONEGATIVITY
The tendency of an atomto attract electrons to
itself when it is bondedto another atom
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BOND STRENGTHthe energy needed to
break the bonds
between atoms in acompound
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Bond Strength
The greater the differencein electronegativities, the
greater the bondstrength
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It does not require
energy to make bonds. Itrequires energy to break
bonds.
Breaking up is hard to do
Misconception Alert!
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2 Main Bonding Options
By transferring electrons
(producing ions)(big difference in EN)
By sharing electrons
(small difference in EN)
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IONIC BONDbond formed between
two ions by the
transferof electrons(difference in EN > 1.67)
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IONIC COMPOUND
substance formed
when electrons aretransferred between 2
or more substances
(making ions)
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Example of an Ionic Bond
Chlorine steals one of
sodiums electrons
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Characteristics of
Ionic SubstancesElectrons are transferred
Bonds between metals andnon-metals
Formulas are in simpleratios (NaCl)
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More Characteristics of
Ionic Substances Crystalline structure at room
temperature High melting points
Good conductors of electricitywhen molten or dissolved
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COVALENT BONDbond formed by the
sharingof electrons
(difference in EN < 1.67)
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MOLECULE
a neutral group of
atoms held together bycovalent bonds
(ex: H2O)
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Example of a Covalent Bond
Each of Hydrogens electrons
are shared to make H2
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Characteristics of
Covalent Substances Electrons are shared
Bonds between non-metals andother non-metals
Formulas are in true ratio ofatoms (C
6H
12O
6)
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More Characteristics of
Ionic Substances Substances may exist in any
state of matter at roomtemperature
Low melting points Nonconductors of electricity
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Bonds in all the polyatomic
ions and diatomics are allcovalent bonds
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The ability to conductan electrical current
CONDUCTIVITY
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Can we use
conductivity to
determine if asubstance is ionic or
covalent?
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WHICH IS
STRONGER?
Ionic bonds are stronger
than covalent
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when electrons aresharedbut shared
unequally
POLAR COVALENT
BONDS
H2O
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Example of a Polar Covalent Bond
An unequal sharing of
h dro ens electrons
A dipole caused by the polar covalent bond
of the water molecule.
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Unequal sharing creates
areas of positive andnegative charge on a
polar compound.
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O
H
x
Hx
+
+
-2
DipoleMoment
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Structure of Soap
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The slight
differences
in charge
bond water
molecules
together(H-Bonding)
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HOMEWORKDo problems 3-4 on page306 of the text.
Pg. 304 #1,2
C l t L i St t M th
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Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane
CH4Write Formula:MAKE THE SKELETON!
C HH
H
H
C l t L i St t M th
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Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane
C =
CH4Write Formula:1) Calculate # of Valence e-:
(1)(4) = 4
(4)(1) = 4
Element = (# of Atoms)(# of Valence e-s)
H =8 valence e-s
2) Not an ion
C l t L i St t M th
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Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane
CH4
3) Place Bonding Pairs
8 v. e-s
C HHH
H4) Complete Ligand Octets
5) Add left overs
-8=0
6) Check for stabilitya. Central Octet?b. 8, OK for Periods 3-7
C l t L i St t M th
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Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane
CH4
7) Draw the Lewis LINE Structure
C HH
H
H
C l t L i St t
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Covalent Lewis Structure:
Boron Trifluoride
BF3Write Formula:
MAKE THE SKELETON!
B FF
F
C l t L i St t
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Covalent Lewis Structure: Boron Trifluoride
B =
BF3Write Formula:1) Calculate # of Valence e-:
(1)(3) = 3
(3)(7) = 21
Element = (# of Atoms)(# of Valence e-s)
F =24 valence e-s
2) Not an ion
C l t L i St t
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Covalent Lewis Structure: Boron Trifluoride
BF3
3) Place Bonding Pairs
24 v. e-s
B FF
F4) Complete Ligand Octets
5) Add left overs
-6=18
6) Check for stabilitya. Central Octet?b. 8, OK for Periods 3-7
-18=0
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CARBON BONDS
Carbon makes LOTS of
bondsbut never morethan 4
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Tartrate
http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~chm2040/cgi-bin/image_eval.cgi?Op=display&Chapter=11&File=shapes&Image=g14f6.gif8/14/2019 In the Time That It Takes the Music to Playwrite
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http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~chm2040/cgi-bin/image_eval.cgi?Op=display&Chapter=11&File=shapes&Image=g14f6.gif8/14/2019 In the Time That It Takes the Music to Playwrite
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Trigonal Planar
Bent
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Tetrahedral
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Tetrahedral
Bent (2 lone pairs)
Trigonal Pyramidal
IONIC COMPOUND
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IONIC COMPOUND
substance formed
when electrons aretransferred between 2
or more substances
(making ions)
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How do you nameionic compounds?
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How do you writeionic compounds?
i !
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Kris Kross Method!
Ca3As2
Ca
2+
As
3-
J t k i k th
http://aix2.uottawa.ca/~s1539179/ko.gif8/14/2019 In the Time That It Takes the Music to Playwrite
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Just kris kross the
positive and the
negative chargesNa1+ Cl1- NaCl
Pb4+ O2- Pb2O4
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Which charge
ALWAYS
comes first?
POSITIVE!!!
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Are yousure?
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For Polyatomics it gets
a bit more complex
Pb4+ SO4
3- Pb3
(SO4
)4
NH41+ PO4
3- (NH4)3 PO4
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