IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IED)

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IMPROVISED IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE EXPLOSIVE

DEVICESDEVICES (IED) (IED)

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Definition

An IED is a device, assembled by an organization or an individual in contravention to the existing

rules of Law of Nation adopting unconventional or semi-conventional methods of

assembling a standard device, ammunition/explosives or

commercial, with a criminal/anti-national intention.

The design of an IED will depend on the lethality of a bomb

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The effects of an IED explosion are not standard and predictable

The effects will vary in each case, depending on :

Components Quality of explosive Casing Quantity of splinters

IED

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Components of an IED

Explosives Detonator Power Source (Battery) Initiation Mechanism (Switch)

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Components of an IED…

+

-Battery

Switch

Explosive &

Detonator

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Briefcase Bomb with Mechanism

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Initiation Mechanism

The switch is a mechanism incorporated to ensure

initiation of an IED in a predetermined pattern so as to ensure success in destroying the target in

a well deliberated manner.

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Chain of Detonation

Main Charge

Booster

Detonation Wave Carrier (Cordtex)Detonator

Flame Carrier

Flame Producer

1 2 3 4 5 6

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Explosive and its AccessoriesA. Flame Producer : Match fuse, Match box,

Igniter safety fuse strikerB. Flame Carrier : Safety fuseC. Detonator :

Safety FuseMercury Fulminate

ASA Mixture

Base Charge (CE)

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Explosive and its Accessories…

D. Detonation Wave Carrier(Primacord) Length : 150 m Explosive : PETN Deto. Vel. : 6000 to 8000 m/s

E. Booster : To boost up the detonation

waves CE Powder : Brown GC Powder : White

F. Main Filling

11Explosive Accessories

Fuse Burning

Delay Fuse Detonator

Safety FuseCordtex

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Initiation Mechanism The switches can either be classified as Electrical, Mechanical & Miscellaneous.Types of Initiation

Mechanism Anti-handling Delay Ambient Command

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Types of Initiation Mechanism…

Anti-handling Pressure Pressure release Pull Pull/release Tilt Anti-penetration Lift Pendulum Tension

Delay Mechanical Timer Clock/Watch Quartz Watch Electronic Timer Pyrotechnics Thermal Electro Chemical Chemical Expanding seeds

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Types of Initiation Mechanism…

Ambient Temperature Smoke/Gas Sound IR Rays Proximity Humidity X Rays Light

Command Car remote Cordless Bell FM Radio Command Wire Aero Modeling

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Questioning Technique

What time the bomb will explode ? Where is the bomb located ? What type of bomb is ? How will we get rid of the bomb ? What is your good name ? Why have you kept the bomb ? Where are you speaking from ?

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Search Rules & Technique of an IED

Search Rules Search Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign)

Points to remember Action on locating IED

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Search Rules & Technique

Search Rules Don’t touch or handle suspicious object

Don’t assume only one device is planted

Use maximum two persons per room or for all area up to 250 Sq. ft.

Use Searches in alternate room

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Search Rules & Technique…

Search Rules Give rest after every 10 min. Never use searches more than necessary

Clearly mark the area searched Trust nothing and assume nothing safe

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Search Rules & Technique…

Search Techniques Obtain maximum information about the device

Listen before entering a room Be careful about booby trap, at the door itself and also throughout the search

Make a visual survey of the entire area of the room

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Search Rules & Technique…

Search Techniques Divide the area while carrying out Search : Waist level Eye level Ceiling level Above Ceiling level

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Search Rules & Technique

Search Techniques Search back to back by two persons, meet in center and go back again

Rest after each Search Mark the Searched area Report about the area and suspected object

Ask for help from expert

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Search Rules & Technique

What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) Recently disturbed area Saw dust, Brick dust, Wood chips Greasy Paper Wrappings Out of place object Disturbed Carpenter Tin foils

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Search Rules & Technique

What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign)

Partly open window/door/drawers Fresh plaster/Cement Loose Electric Fittings Fish-line, dirty ropes, electric wire

Cut vegetation

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Search Rules & Technique

What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign)

Military container of explosive Dirty foot prints Scratched or new paint New brick work/plaster

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Search Rules & Technique

Points to Remember Don’t touch or remove the packet Don’t open with hands or puncture Don’t submerge in water Don’t accept identification mark on the face value

Don’t bring suspect bomb to police station

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Search Rules & Technique

Points to Remember Don’t open unless duty bound Evacuate the people to a safe area Don’t use radio Open all doors and windows Don’t be a Dead Hero

27Scooter Bomb found at Bombay in March,1993

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Search Rules & Technique

Action on locating an IED Buttress : It’s an action of putting sand bags near the object to protect

Baffling : It’s an action of putting mattress etc. to minimise damage due to blast and fragments

Venting : It’s an action of opening all doors and windows of the room.

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Bomb Incident Planning CycleBomb Threat/Incident Notification

IED Location not known

IED Detonates a

Search

RSP

TPT

Remove

Remove

RSP

TPT

TPT

Remove

RSP

Investigation

Collect Evidence

Reconstruction

Analysis

Establish modus operandi

Conduct apprehension

Conviction

Disposal

IED Location known

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Render Safe Procedure (RSP) Tool Kit

31Render Safe Procedure (RSP) Tool Kit

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Counter IED Operation We can use mnemonic

“UNITED NATIONS”

U -Useful information prior to responding

N-Notify appropriate people

I-Initial Response to scene

T-Time element involved

E-Establish Command Post

D-Decide Techniques

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N- Notify the Field Commander

A- Attack an IED

T-Transport the physical evidence

I-Investigate Crime

O-Orientate Pertinent Facts

N-Notify Appropriate People

S-Synopsis

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Bomb Detection Technique

Technician Neutralizing an IED

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Bomb Detection Technique

Snake Eye Camera

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Bomb Detection Technique

Confirming presence of Explosive by Sniffer Dog

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Bomb Detection Technique

Removing a suspected Car Bomb with Robot

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Bomb Detection Technique

Mini Detector

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Bomb Detection Technique

Electronic Stethoscope

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Bomb Detection Technique

The door of a suspected Car being opened by Car Remote Opening Tool Kit (CROT)

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Robot

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Cordtex Opening Technique

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Cutting a wire of a Detonator by Mechanical Wire Cutter

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Neutralizing an IED with Water Cannon

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Cutting the wire by Remote Wire Cutter

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Explosive Opening Techniques-Shot Gun Method

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Disrupting the Power Source by Disrupter

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Burning of Explosives

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Bomb Disposal Technique

Making a hole in a suspected package with thermal cutter

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Bomb Disposal Gears

Bomb Suit

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Bomb Disposal Gears

Bomb Blanket

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Bomb Disposal Gears

Bomb Basket

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Bomb Disposal Gears

Bomb Transport Trailer

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Bomb Disposal Gears

Robot (Wheel Barrow)

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Safety Precautions

Do’s for Common Men Inform the police on seeing any suspicious object

Move away from the suspicious object in a quiet manner

Follow instructions of guide in case of threat

Carry your own personal belongings during evacuation

Help ladies, old and children

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Safety Precautions

Do’s for Common Men When a vehicle is parked, close all windows and lock the doors

Inspect vehicles for any suspicious object before moving out of garage

Switch off all electrical mains, gas lines etc.

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Safety Precautions

Don’ts for Common Men Touch or handle any suspicious object

Pick up attractive items lying at odd places

Open or cut any suspicious object

Panic but remain cool Obstruct the passage of security/bomb squad

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Safety Precautions

Don’ts for Common Men Spread rumors Assume only one device is planted

Submerge in water Bring suspected bomb to police station

Leave vehicle unattended

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IED : BOOK & LETTER BOMBStarted by Black September Group

(Palestine)

Components of Letter Bomb

Sheet Explosives Detonator Switch Mechanism Power Source (9V Polaroid Cell)

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Recognition SignWe can use mnemonic “EXPLOSIVE PARCEL”

E-Excessive Securing Material

X-Excessive Weight

P-Protruding Wire

L-Lop Sided/Unevenly weighted

O-Oily Stains

S-Stiff or rigid envelope

I-Is pack expected ?

V-Visual distraction

E-Excessive Postage

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Recognition SignWe can use mnemonic “EXPLOSIVE PARCEL”

P-Proper Name & Title incorrect

A-Address hand written or poorly typed

R-Restrictive Marking

C-Common Words misspell

E-European/Foreign Mail

L-Lacks address of sender

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Safety Precautions

Evacuate all persons Stop entry into the room Don’t open letter by hand Don’t smoke near bomb Don’t cut any protruding wire Don’t jerk the letter Put letter through Mail Bomb Detector

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The Value of Taking Cover

Standing in the open

Lying down in the open lying

behind a low

coverInside brick house In Shelters

or trench

100%

50%

35%

10%

5%

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Bomb Threat Contingency Plan for an Industry

Important Features Designate a bomb threat co-ordinator

Bomb threat co-ordination control room

Bomb threat assessment committee

Evacuation of area Search team Evacuation signal

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Bomb Threat Contingency Plan for an Industry

Important Features Liaison arrangements Responsibilities of various agencies

Telephone numbers Completion Certificate

Remember that every Ex-Serviceman need not be an IED expert

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ANY QUESTIONS