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Improving Hydrodynamic Efficiency through the Application of a Bulbous Bow and Micro Bubbles. Harrison DiGia Advanced Science Research Period 7. Need. World Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Region, 2003-2030 (Billion Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Improving Hydrodynamic
Efficiency through the Application of a Bulbous Bow and
Micro BubblesHarrison DiGia
Advanced Science ResearchPeriod 7
Need
90% of all goods that were sent around the globe went by ship (Kodama, 2006)
843 million tons of CO2 were released by international shipping in 2007
http://www.eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/brochures/greenhouse/Chapter1.htm
World Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Region,2003-2030 (Billion Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
Bulbous Bow Protrudes just below the waterline Reduces shock wave Ideal for large ships
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/bulbous-bow-image08.jpg
Micro-Bubbles
http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/archive/2539/25391601.jpg
Literature Review McCormick and Bhattchara (1973)- injected
micro-bubbles into turbulent boundary layer
Literature Review Takahashi (2000)- determined that micro-
bubble placement is essential
Literature Review Shen et al. (2006)- determined that micro-
bubble size plays an important role in drag reduction
Literature Review Kyriazis (1988)- tested different variations of a
bulbous bow
Effect of Bulb Length (L) on Total Resistance
Effect of Bulb Diameter (D) on Total Resistance
Engineering GoalsExamine: Changes in drag force caused by the
application of a bulbous bow Changes in drag force caused by the
insertion of microbubbles
Improve hydrodynamic efficiency by using methods of passive and active flow control
Purpose
MethodologyImproving Hydrodynamic Efficiency Through Methods of Active and Passive Flow Control
Normal Shipn=5
Attach Bulbous Bown=1
Inject Micro-Bubbles in Water
(200-400 micrometers)n=1
Attach Bulbous Bow and Inject Micro-Bubbles
n=1
Inject Micro-Bubbles in 20 ppm Triton-X
(200-400 micrometers)n=1
Attach Ship to Ship Drag Measurement Calculator
Record mass and acceleration to calculate the drag force
Analyze force data using ANOVA (p<.05) followed by a Scheffe Post Hoc Test
Ship Drag Measurement Calculator
Mass
Pasco Photogate and Pulley- Measures Acceleration
Bulbous BowPorous Plate
Top View
Force= Mass(Acceleration)
Item Vendor Category # Size Quantity Price
Triton-X Promega H5141 500mL 2 $79.99
Pourous Plates ICT International 0604D04-B15M1 5in radius 5
Micro Acquarium Bubbler Rena 17163057048 2in 1 $4.44
Pasport High Resolution Force Sensor Pasco PS-2189 1 $139.00
Photogate and Pulley System Pasco ME-6838 $80.00
Wood Home Depot
Water Tunnel Lab
Boat Lab
Air Injector Lab
$303.43
Budget
Do-ability Water tunnel in lab Boat is already made Micro-bubbles can be created using a
simple aquarium bubbler Bulbous bow can easily be inserted into
front of model ship
Bibliography
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