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Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 11
Regulation and administrative Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railwayprovisions regarding Italian Railway
Stefano Impastato - University of Rome “La Sapienza”Stefano Impastato - University of Rome “La Sapienza”
Mario Vivaldi - Ministry of Infrastructure and TransportMario Vivaldi - Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
9TH 9TH CConference on competition onference on competition and ownership in land transport and ownership in land transport Lisbon 04Lisbon 04thth-09-09thth September 2005 September 2005
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 22
OverviewOverview
Introduction on Railway European Directive Rail Infrastructure Charge in Europe Rail Infrastructure Charge in Italy
Today Tomorrow Procedure for the adoption of a new charge system
Conclusion
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 33
The European DirectivesThe European Directives
The European Directives (91/440/CE; 2001/14/CE)
have the aim to facilitate the adoption of the Community railways to the need of the Single Market and to increase their efficiency;
provide the independence of railway undertakings to ensure a good management;
provide that all the necessary information for access are to be published in a network statement, to ensure transparency and non-discriminatory access to rail infrastructure for all railway undertakings;
have the aim of promoting competition between railways undertakings;
define the charge for the use of rail infrastructure;
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 44
Rail Infrastructure ChargeRail Infrastructure Charge
Three different approaches to determinate the charge
The charge is the marginal cost with a State compensation for the difference between marginal cost and financial cost (SCM);
The charge is the marginal cost added with a mark-up in order to reduce (or eliminate) State compensation (MC+);
The charge is full financial cost reduced by State compensation (FC-)
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 55
Rail Infrastructure ChargeRail Infrastructure Charge
Consideration upon the three different charge approaches The SMC is recommended by Commission, but gives most
pressure on the State budgets, even if could bring the most efficient use of the infrastructure;
The MC+ takes into consideration efficiency goals and budgetary needs, and reduces the State compensation;
With FC- the financial costs of the infrastructure manager are covered by Government (for the difference between revenues from charge and total costs); nevertheless this system has less pressure to reduce inefficiencies in use of the network.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 66
Rail Infrastructure ChargeRail Infrastructure Charge
System for calculate the access charge The tariff is calculated according to the use of the network,
and it is measured in function of gross tonne-km or train-km (the most common measure of infrastructure use);
The tariff is composed by two parts: one part is variable with use, and the other part is fixed in advantage in relation to expected capacity requirements (usually scheduled train-paths or train path-km).
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 77
Rail Infrastructure ChargeRail Infrastructure Charge
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 88
Rail Infrastructure ChargeRail Infrastructure Charge
Cost Covered
In most Countries of Western Europe, the MC+ tariff system is applied and the cost recovery ranging from 5% (Sweden) to 63% (France)
The second tariff system (FC-) is adopted in Germany (60% cost coverage) and Italy (40% cost coverage).
The full cost approach is also adopted in Eastern Europe, in the Baltic States (Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). The cost recovery ranges from 50% to 100%.
Italy is the unique Country in which maintenance and renewals costs are not charged for: only traffic management is included in the charges.
Percent of cost covered
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
A B BG CZ DK EE SF F D H I LV LT NL N PL P RO SL SK S CH UK
Countries
% o
f co
st c
ove
red
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 99
Rail Infrastructure ChargeRail Infrastructure Charge
Costs
Maintenance; Renewals; Train Planning and Operations; Congestion and scarcity; Accidents; Environment.
Maintenance costs in all Countries are charged for, except Italy.Only in Sweden accidents and environmental costs are charge for, and aspecial noise bonus is applied in Switzerland.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1010
Rail Infrastructure ChargeRail Infrastructure Charge
Rail charges are variable in European countries: they are different for freight and passenger trains.
Average access charge
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A B BG CZ DK EE SF F D H I LV LT NL N PL P RO SL SK S CH UK
Countries
Ave
reg
e ac
cess
ch
arg
e
freight
passenger
The access charge doesn’t include the cost of electric traction
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1111
Rail Infrastructure ChargeRail Infrastructure Charge
Variability of access charges
For freight trains, the maximum access charge is requested in Slovakia (8,5 € per train-km ), and the minimum is requested in Sweden (0,3 € per train-km).
For passenger trains, the maximum access charges is requested in Germany (5 € per train-km), and the minimum is requested in Sweden and Finland (0,5 € per train-km).
Norway is the unique country in which no access charges are requested for passenger trains.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1212
Rail Charge in ItalyRail Charge in Italy
Railway in Italy
Italian network comprises approximately 16.000 km of track; The infrastructure manager, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana SPA
(RFI), received in 2000 the concession for management of Italy’s rail infrastructure.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1313
Rail Charge in ItalyRail Charge in Italy
The infrastructure charge in Italy (D.Lgs. 188/03) Management of network capacity requests in order to
conclude contracts; Use of the assigned capacity; Use of point switches, branch lines, and electrical supplying
system (excluded electrical power supply); Running control and regulation, and also information
concerning traffic; Any other needed information about services.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1414
Rail Charge in ItalyRail Charge in Italy
Maintenance costs
The maintenance costs are covered by State (through Contratto di Programma) and the running costs are paid by Railway Operator
INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT
COSTS +=MAINTENANCE
COSTS
CHARGES PAID by
RU’S
RUNNING COSTS
STATE - Contratto di Programma
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1515
Rail Charge in ItalyRail Charge in Italy
The Ministerial Decree 43T/2000.
The balance between revenue from charges and the costs of train movement is considered at the national level, and not for singular lines (solidarity of network);
The slot price is calculated using an algorithm set out in MD 43T/2000.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1616
Rail Charge in ItalyRail Charge in Italy
The system
fixed access charge (doesn’t depend on traffic intensity, indifferently applied for passenger and freight trains and contained a train path reservation fee, is differentiated only by quality of the track - 40% of charging ) for node for network
variable charge for node (€/min - 12 % of charging) for network (€/km - 48% of charging)
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1717
Rail Charge in ItalyRail Charge in Italy
Organisation of the network
The network is divided in nodes; trunk network; complementary network;
The complementary network is divided between secondary, scarce traffic and shuttle lines
248 sections of track are individuated, and 78 of which are in the fundamental network;
Every section has a particular fixed access charge; Nodes (that cover the central area of a city and contain a
number of stations and tracks) have a fixed access charge.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1818
Rail Charge in ItalyRail Charge in Italy
NodeTrunk line net Secondary line net
Fixed ACCESS charge
+
Variable charge(minutes)
Fixed ACCESScharge
+
Variable charge (Km)
FixedACCESScharge
+
Variable charge(Km)
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 1919
Fixed Access ChargeFixed Access Charge
Fixed access charge fees
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2020
Variable Access Charge - NodesVariable Access Charge - Nodes
Variable charge for nodes
Pnode=pbase * **t
pbase = 1 [€/min] time factor = 0,8 1,3 infrastructure factor =1 4
t = operational time [min]
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2121
Variable Access Charge - NetVariable Access Charge - Net
Usage charges for complementary network
Pcom= pbase*s
pbase = 1 [€/km]s = distance travelled [km]
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2222
Variable Access Charge - NetVariable Access Charge - Net
Usage charges for trunk network
Pcom= pbase*M*s
pbase = 1 [€/km]M = coefficent of modulation s = distance travelled [km]
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2323
Variable Access Charge - NetVariable Access Charge - Net
Coefficient of modulation
3UDV MMM
M
Vomot
omotcommV M
V
VVP
Dtren
D MN
NP
max
ULL
U MnVmV
P
1*80*15,0500*80*85,0
**15,0**85,0 2
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2424
Variable Access Charge - Variable Access Charge - EnergyEnergy
Energy costs
A charge based on distance travelled (calculated as the sum of the kilometres travelled on the fundamental network, on the complementary network and on the nodes);
All trains paid the same base price without any difference for train type, weight or efficiency;
The base price is 0,372 Euro per km.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2525
Access Charge - TodayAccess Charge - Today
Criticism of the actual algorithm
The algorithm is not easy to apply; more than 14.000 different fees; the final amount of the infrastructure charge is known only
after the arrangement of the real timetable.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2626
New System - ProcedureNew System - Procedure
Procedure for the adoption of a new charge system
1INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT PROPOSAL
2“CIPE*”
EXAMINATION
3 INFRASTRUCTURE /
TRANSPORT MINISTRY LEGISLATIVE DECREE
4INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT APPLICATION AND CHARGING
TRAIN OPERATORS
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2727
New System - CriteriaNew System - Criteria
Aims of the new system
have an easier charge system (only 1.400 different fees); reduce the total amount of the fee for railway undertakings,
specially for regional service (review of the perimeter of nodes with enlargement of the borders);
homogenise the incidence of fixed access charge through the uniformity of the lines of fundamental network (some lines are united and some other are divided to have similar extension);
homogenise the charge of national services through a new arrangement of some complementary lines (in the actual system classified as fundamental lines).
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2828
New SystemNew System - Criteria - Criteria
Criteria of Fixed costs
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 2929
New SystemNew System - Criteria - Criteria
Criteria of variable costs
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 3030
ConclusionConclusion
Every European infrastructure manager has developed its own system of fee;
Not all the costs are covered in the same way (maintenance costs in all Countries are charged for, except Italy; only in Sweden accidents and environmental costs are charged for, and a special noise bonus is applied in Switzerland);
For freight trains, access charges are variable from 8,5 € per train-km (Slovakia) to 0,3 € per train-km(Sweden);
For passenger trains, access charges are variable from 5 € per train-km (Germany), to 0,5 € per train-km (Sweden and Finland).
Norway is the unique country in which no access charges are requested for passenger trains.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 3131
ConclusionConclusion
The system of charge in Italy covers the 16 % of total costs.
The actual system is not easy to apply. Fee is known only after the arrangement of the real
timetable, 14.000 different fees.
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 3232
ConclusionConclusion
The adoption of a new algorithm easier to applied is proposed. The aim of this new methodology is:
to have an easier charge system (about 1.400 fees); to contain the total amount of the fee for railway undertakings, specially for
regional services (review of the perimeter of nodes: enlargement of the borders); to homogenise the incidence of fixed access charge through the uniformity of
the lines of fundamental network (some lines united and some other divided to have similar extension);
to homogenise the charge of national services through a new arrangement of some complementary lines (in the actual system classified as fundamental lines).
Impastato VivaldiImpastato Vivaldi Regulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian RailwayRegulation and administrative provisions regarding Italian Railway 3333
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!
Contact:Contact:
Ing. Stefano ImpastatoIng. Stefano ImpastatoUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza” University of Rome “La Sapienza”
DITS – Transport AreaDITS – Transport AreaVia Eudossiana n. 18 - 00184 Rome (Italy)Via Eudossiana n. 18 - 00184 Rome (Italy)
stefanostefano..impastatoimpastato@uniroma1.@uniroma1.itit
9TH 9TH CConference on competition onference on competition and ownership in land transport and ownership in land transport Lisbon 04Lisbon 04thth-09-09thth September 2005September 2005
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