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8/6/2019 Impacts of Fish Aquaculture-1
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Impacts of FishImpacts of Fish
AquacultureAquaculturePresented by: Carla Penney and Katie
Brown
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What is Aquaculture?What is Aquaculture?
Aquaculture is defined as the farming of marine and freshwater organisms
It is the worlds fastest growing food-production sector; approximately 30%of seafood consumed is farmed
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Aquaculture ProcessesAquaculture Processes
In order to be farmed successfully, most speciesneed specialized sites and equipment
Tanks or holding facilities must have water pumpedinto them while being free of pollutants andcarefully monitored for temperature, salinity, andother factors
Toxic wastes produced by the organisms must bealso removed and parasites must also becarefully checked for
Even predators (such as birds or seals) must eitherbe removed or evaded
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The Impact of Aquaculture The Impact of Aquaculture
Go Big or Go Home Most aquaculture operations require
expensive equipment and trained
personnel
This alone restricts the types of species thatcan be cultured
Some species cannot be cultured because itis not profitable
The species that are usually command high
prices
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Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts
Changes in the Benthic Community Cultured fish species depend on a diet of
artificial feed which is distributed on the
surface of the water and then eaten by thefish
Uneaten feed migrates to the bottom whereit can be eaten by the benthos ordecomposed by microorganisms
Microbial decomposition may deplete thewater of oxygen and cause sedimentaryanimals to die
Antibiotics and other medicines added tofeed can affect other organisms when theellets decom osed
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Environmental Impacts ContdEnvironmental Impacts Contd
Eutrophication Another environmental impact is the
eutrophication of the water surroundingrearing pens or rivers that receive aquaculturewaste
Fish excretion and fecal wastes combined withthe increased amount of nutrients from theunconsumed feed produce an idealenvironment for algal blooms to form
These resulting blooms can be toxic to humansand other marine organisms
Fun fact: A farm with 20,000 salmon dischargesmore fecal waste than a city of 60,000 people
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Environmental Impacts ContdEnvironmental Impacts Contd
Depletion of Natural Stocks Aquaculture depends on a diet of wild fish as
well
The removal of natural fish stocks from the foodweb, however, is difficult to predict (when fishare removed, less food is available for otherspecies, and so on)
Fish culture, however, can mitigate (make lesssevere) the decline of fish stocks decimatedby overfishing by decreasing thedependence on natural stocks and byhelping to re-stock populations by releasing
juvenile or culture larvae
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Environmental Impacts ContdEnvironmental Impacts Contd
Habitat Destruction The destruction of mangrove forests, salt
marshes and other coastal communities inthe tropics for aquaculture has had adevastating effect
Destruction has reduced the stock of localspecies that use mangrove forests andsalt marshes as nurseries
These habitats are also critical for erosionprevention and water quality; they alsoprovide a sustainable/renewable resourceof firewood, pulp and charcoal for localcommunities
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ReferencesReferences
Emerson, C. (1999). AquacultureImpacts on the Environment,retrieved from: http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/aquacult/
Castro, P., & Huber, H. E. (2007). MarineBiology (6 th ed.), McGraw-Hill: New
York, NY
http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/aquacult/overview.phphttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/aquacult/overview.phphttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/aquacult/overview.phphttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/aquacult/overview.phpRecommended