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Impact of Photonic Switcheson IP/Optical Network Architecturefor Advanced e-Science Applications
TNC 2005Poznan, June 7 2005
Olivier Jerphagnonjerph@calient.net
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Outline of Talk
• Status and Impact of Photonic Switching
• IP/Optical Architecture for e-Science
• Case Studies
• What’s next?
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where innovation comes to light ®
Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Photonic Switching:Technologies
• 3D-MEMS solved the (long-time) problem of scalability
3D MEMS
10 µs10 ms
Num
ber o
f Por
ts/C
hann
els
10 ns
10
100
1000
Tunable Wavelength
AOTFThermo-optic
LiquidCrystal
Electro-optic
2D MEMS
3D MEMS
10 µs10 ms
Num
ber o
f Por
ts/C
hann
els
10 ns
10
100
1000
Tunable Wavelength
AOTFThermo-optic
LiquidCrystal
Electro-optic
2D MEMS
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Photonic Switching: Status
• Majority of optical switches deployed today are still 1x2 and 2x2 for simple protection but increased deployment of large photonic switches (320x320 in service today)– Difference between bare switch matrices (non-redundant fiber
switches) and cross-connect systems (full system with modularity and internal redundancy similar to OEO systems but with OOO core and line-cards)
• Improved maturity and reliability– Photonic switches carrying live traffic for more than 3 years– Multiple vendors with 3D-MEMS main technology for sizes > 16x16– OOO switches are intrinsically more reliable than OEO switches
because they consist of much fewer components• On-going research on fast switching (micro/nano-seconds)
– Scalability limitation again!– Sub-ms performance demonstrated on 3D-MEMS switches
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Networking Applications
• Optical Exchange Points– In its simplest form see photonic switch as automated patch-panel
• You can use it to reconfigure interconnectivity and track it• You can use it also to share data monitoring capabilities
• Core IP/Optical NetworksWith control plane provides powerful networking tool– Regional optical networks
• Interconnect rings and ease management of large junction nodes• Extend managed 10GbE/WDM services across multiple rings• End-to-end and automated connectivity
– National backbone• Provide mesh wavelength switching capability on line side• Transponder and fiber protection• Availability of network connectivity among multiple users• End-to-end and automated connectivity
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Impact on Networks
• Cost (“get more bandwidth for less”)– Two orders magnitude less than IP at 10G– One order magnitude less than SDH at 10G
• Scalability (“keep co-location cost low”)– Scale better than OEO for bit-rate > 1G– Low foot-print and power consumption
• Flexibility (“control network from PC”)– Remote re-configuration and monitoring regardless of format– Better use of network resources as needed
• Future proof (“increase customer ownership”)– Really transparent (40G, 160G, multi-lambdas, etc)– Extends value of dark fiber (long-term asset) to layer-1 switching
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
NREN Example
• Increased interest in high-bandwidth connectivity by demanding NREN users– Worldwide: Japan, Europe, and North America– Various Applications: GRID computing, “big science” (ex: eVLBI), etc
• Note: Some Government & Military applications (ex: GIG-BE) and commercial carrier customers (“wavelength services” for SAN/Data center business continuance) have similar needs: “you are not alone!”
• Differences in service definition & implementation– Level of control over “lightpath”, service requirements and access to fiber
• What is common:– Access to some fiber, need for guaranteed bandwidth (not all the time but
on demand), and need for some control plane• This results into the deployment of new type of networks
– Hybrid IP/Optical networks– Facility based (vs. overlay) networks
⇒ This led NRENs to be some of the first to use and leverage photonic switching to achieve these goals.Ex: Super-SINET (2002) & OptIPuter (2003)
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Migration from IP to IP/Optical Networks Architectures for e-Science
• What does advanced e-Science applications want ?– New Services
• Dynamic and higher capacity bandwidth services – Performance
• Low Latency to allow distributed computing• High Throughput
– Capacity & Scalability• Scaling from 1 Gbit/s to1 Tbit/s connections
– End-to-End
NRN/RE Migration
X.25 ATM POS Optical
1980s 1990s 2000s
Learning, Collaboration, Connectivity
Advanced Services
2Mbps 34Mbps 155Mbps 622Mbps 2.5Gbps 10Gbps nx10Gbps nx40Gbps
Market Transition
?
GRID Applications
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Example of Architecture
STM-nGE
DWDM
Leased Circuits (SONET/SDH)
STM-16/6410GE WAN
Lambda
Transport Options
GMPLS Multi-layer Control Plane
Layer-2 Services
Production and Experimental Layer 1/2/3 services
CWDM
Layer-3 Services
Layer-1 Services
10 GE LANGE
10/100 FEGE
10GbE
Customer owned fiberPhotonic
Switch
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Need for Unified Control Plane
• Control Plane needed to operate layer-1/2 network resources like today at layer-3 (but higher capacity and guaranteed bandwidth)– Provide protection services at optical layer (when you remove SONET)– Interoperability across vendors and across layers 1, 2, and 3– End-to-end automated connectivity, including multiple domains
• GMPLS/ASON unified control plane is needed to deliver on the promises of IP/Optical– Multi-vendor interoperability– Coherence between standard bodies (ex: E-NNI at OIF and IETF)– User and network interfaces
• Remember:– GMPLS is a flexible & powerful set of tools– But this does not provide itself “bandwidth-on-demand” and functions
such as scheduling, authentication, etc– It is a foundation to manage efficiently layer 1/2/3 network resources that
can be leveraged by NREN community
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End-to-End Connectivity
• Automated and e2e connectivity from NREN to another NREN over backbone infrastructure is an important issue (non-trivial)
• Layer-1 switching and control plane are needed capabilities to increase service availability, support high-end research (requires a lot of bandwidth but not all the time) and make availability to 10G connectivity more affordable (cost sharing model) to more institutions
NREN NREN
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Network to Grid Middleware Interface
• Grid middleware (ex: AAA, MonALiSA, etc) can be integrated over GMPLS to provide intelligent services
• Importance of model and interface between service layers (layer 4-7) and network resources (layer 1-3)
• Critical role played by research & education community
Example of layer 1/2/3 GRID serviceExample of architecture
GMPLS
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Case Studies
• Real examples– Exchange Points
• OptIPuter (Chicago, Amsterdam)• UltraLight (Los Angeles)
– Core Networking• National backbone
– Super-SINET (Japan)– JGN-2 (Japan)
• Regional network– LONI (Louisiana)
• Look at various usages– Automated configuration, Intra and Inter-domain switching/routing– Applications and services enabled over network
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OptIPuter (Chicago, Amsterdam)
• By-pass router and SDH when and where it makes sense• Brokered lambda connectivity demonstrated with AAA on simple
network (2 sites). Idea is to use network as supercomputer • Demonstration with direct interface to devices but optical control
plane needed as lambda network grows (e.g., GLIF) and complexityincreases (multi-vendors, multi-layers and multi network domains)
Source: Pr. Cees de Laat, University of Amsterdam
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UltraLight (LA CENIC PoP)• Flexible tool to interconnect various devices and networks• Development of dynamic services for high-energy physics (HEP) • Integration of MonaLISA Grid middleware with Optical Switch
– 1st step: interface to single devices– 2nd step: interface to GMPLS network
• Use of switch beyond automated patch-panel as it becomes really a networking tool with control plane required for peering
Source: Pr. Newman, California Institute of Technology
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
SuperSINET Network
• Economical Solution: Dark Fiber + WDM + PXC realized over 3 years 90% cost reduction compared to equal bandwidth of SDHs
• Development of GMPLS controlled DataGRID applications
Source: Pr. Asano, Tokyo Univ., NORDUNET 2003
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TokyoPXC
NagoyaPXC
IP Backbone(Quality Control, Policy Control)
IP Backbone(Quality Control, Policy Control)
OsakaPXC
Telescope for VLBITelescope for VLBI
Super ComputersSuper Computers
UsersUsers
•Realization of DataGRID•Data Sharing with low Latency
Equipmentson Liner Accelerator
Equipmentson Liner Accelerator
Fusion Research EquipmentFusion Research Equipment Network StorageNetwork Storage
Example of GMPLS Control applied to DataGRID on SuperSINET
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SuperSINET Backbone Logical TopologySuperSINET Backbone Logical Topology
P
P P
P TokyoExchange
OsakaExchange
NagoyaExchange
HokkaidoUniv.
TohokuUniv. KEK
TsukubaUniv.
Institute ofMaterialReserch (Tokyo Univ.)
WasedaUniv.
TokyoInstitute ofTechnology
NII Chiba
NII Hitotsubashi
NAOTokyoUniv.ISAS
NIG
OkazakiNationalResearchInstitutes
NagoyaUniv.
NIFS
DoshishaUniv.
KyotoUniv.
(Yoshida)
KyotoUniv.(Uji)
OsakaUniv.
KyushuUniv.
Institute ofMedicalScience(Tokyo Univ.)
PE
PE
PE
PE PE PE
PE
PE PE
PE PE PE
PE PE PE
PE
PE
PE PE PE
PE
PE
BackboneOC192
Customer AccessOC48,GbE
Cisco12400
Customer Router
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
JGN-2 Interoperability Trial
• Recent major GMPLS Interoperability trial– 2 carriers and nine equipment vendors– MPLS Routers, GMPLS Routers, SDH-XC, PXC, DWDM– Establishment of various Label-Switched-Paths
• Lambda Switched Capable (LSC) LSP, TDM LSP and MPLS LSP
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• Development of GMPLS based E-NNI interface across 2 sub-networks:
JGN-2 Inter-domain Routing
1st step: Static/loose signaling (like ILSI)2nd step: Dynamic signaling using Inter-area
routing (OSPF-TE based)3rd step: Inter-AS routing (ex. BGP4-TE)
OXC OXCOC-192 OC-192 OC-192
OSPF-TE OSPF-TE
Router
OSPF-TE OSPF-TE
1st step: Area 02nd step: Area 03rd step: AS1
1st step: Area 02nd step: Area 13rd step: AS2
PXC PXC
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Copyright © 2005 Calient Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
LONI (Louisiana)• State initiative to support high-end research and economic development • Elegant network design with core hub extending connectivity across rings• Optical switch intended use is to provide dynamic express optical connectivity
between supercomputing sites for high-capacity data processing and visualization • Collaborative work with LSU CCT, Cisco and MCNC to integrate Grid middleware
for scheduling with switch and control plane (GMPLS) to allocate lambda bandwidth resource on demand for computing jobs
Source: Lonnie Leger, Louisiana Tech LONI Symposium 2005
Northern DWDM ring
Southern DWDM ring
To NLR
LSU
SuperComputer
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What’s next?
• “All-optical” networks– Definitely but to some extent (“islands of transparency”)– Development in pair with tunable transponders and 2R/3R
technologies, and control plane extensions (routing & wavelengthassignment, constrained-based routing on optical reach)
• “Faster” networks– Already some demonstrations of fast switches (micro and nano
seconds) but will take time to be integrated in networks– Transparency allows for increased capacity (bit-rate and number
of wavelengths) with existing infrastructure• Increased and better usage of network resources
– This is where biggest and most interesting advances lay mid-term– Ex: use of existing technologies and integrating hardware/control-
plane/middleware to establish 10G connectivity truly on-demand from months to seconds
– Enable advanced e-science applications and spur new ones
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