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ImmigrantSettlement and IntegrationImmigrantSettlement and Integration
22
enables successful economic, social and cultural outcomes for immigrants/refugees
develops program supports to address
different challenges facing different client groups eg. skilled workers; refugees etc .;
potential immigrants/refugees who have applied to immigrate and could benefit from early integration supports; and
future immigrants that Canada seeks to attract for whom innovative and flexible integration strategies might be a draw factor.
engages a number of partners and stakeholders
A successful immigration program requires a strong integration component which…
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
33 Legal Umbrella
Canada’s comprehensive legal framework provides essential constructs to support social cohesion
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms supported by:►the Canadian Bill of Rights (1960)
►the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (1962/2002)
►the Official Languages Act (1969/85)
►the Canadian Human Rights Act (1977/85)
►the Citizenship Act (1985)
►the Employment Equity Act (1986/95)
►the Multiculturalism Act (1988)
44 The Immigration ActThe Immigration Act
The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act affirms fundamental principles of non-discrimination and universality
The Act articulates three basic goals based on our economic, social, and humanitarian values
Canada’s immigration system reflects our history, our character and our values
55
3
1
2004 Top Ten Source Countries Rankings 1984 and 1994
1984 1994 2004China 10 4India 4 2Philippines 7 2 3Pakistan 28 14 4United States 3 7 5Iran 12 20 6United Kingdom 5 9 7Romania 22 17 8South Korea 24France 16 16 10
18 9
1
3
Outcomes - Canada as a Model - A strong foundation has supported immigrant diversity.
Strong Foundation:
The United Nations recognizes Canada as a successful multicultural society. Several indicators:
Charter protection for immigrants, temporary residents and refugee claimants
broad access to social services, education and the labour market
timely and transparent system of citizenship acquisition withapproximately 85% of immigrants becoming Canadian citizens
significant governmental and non-governmental investments in integration programs
Shifting Immigrant Diversity Increasing ethnic diversity has resulted from shifting immigrant source countries over the past 20 years
However, current /future diverse client groups require different supports to meet their unique/ diverse needs . . .
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
66
(data presented relates to persons admitted to Canada before the new IRPA legislation was applied to their cases)
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000 1982 1986
1991
1996
1999
2000
2001Canadian
Average
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
The thick black line represents the earnings of skilled workers 1 year after arrival
The earnings of immigrant skilled workers were 25% above the Canadian average in the 1980’s
. . . their earnings were 32% below the Canadian average in 2003 (2002 cohort group)
2002
EMPLOYMENT EARNINGS OF SKILLED WORKERS
Outcomes - Economic performance is declining for recent immigrants
The income of skilled worker immigrants has been deteriorating since the early 1990s:
• 1980s – 25% ↑Canadian-born average one year after arrival
• 2003 – 32% ↓ the Canadian-born average one year after arrival
Several contributing factors:
• Labour market conditions • Lack of recognition of foreign
credentials and foreign work experience
• Language, literacy and essential skills gaps
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
77Outcomes - Diversity of languages has increased…
Shifting source countries has meant an increase in linguistic diversity:
• Fewer immigrants have English as their mother tongue – from 20% in 1984 to 9% in 2004
• 13% of new immigrants have Mandarin as their mother tongue, compared to less than 1% twenty years ago
• Arabic is now the third most common mother tongue of new immigrants, accounting for 8% in 2004
Mother tongue of new immigrants 1984-2004
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1984 1989 1994 1999 2004
Cantonese
French
Punjabi
Spanish
English
Arabic
Mandarin
But, language and literacy skills are becoming an increasing barrier to successful integration:
60% of recent and established immigrants (compared to 37% of the Canadian-born) do not have sufficient literacy skills to meet the challenges of a knowledge-based economy and to enable strong civic participation.…while literacy abilities have declined
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
88
1. Pre-Selection, Pre-Arrival Information/PreparationCanadian Orientation Abroad (COA)
3. Adaptation (See TAB 3)Immigrant Settlement and Adaptation Program (ISAP)Host ProgramLanguage Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) - Enhanced Language Training (ELT) - Resettlement Assistance Program (RAP)
Integration Programs Partnership DeliveryCommunity Capacity Building
2. Arrival/Reception in Canada (See TAB 2)“Welcome to Canada” at Ports of EntryRefugee Reception at Ports of Entry
Citizenship Services
A.
C.
4. Citizenship (See TAB 4)Citizenship PreparationGrant of Canadian CitizenshipFull Participation in Canadian Society
D.
B.
Is a Canadian citizen under theprovisions of the Citizenship Actand, as such, is entitled to all therights and privileges and is subjectto all the duties and responsibilitiesof a Canadian citizen
est citoyen canadien aux termesde la Loi sur la citoyenneté et, à ce titre, jouit de tous les droits etprivilèges et est assujetti(e) à tousles devoirs et responsabilités d'uncitoyen canadien.
MINISTER - MINISTRE
Certificate ofCanadian Citizenship
John Doe
Going to Canada-Immigration Portal (Portal)Newcomer's Introduction to Canada
Program Supports - Range of integration programs have been developed over time.
B.
(See TAB 1)
There is a strong foundation to build upon, but….
Services In CanadaServices In Canada
Services AbroadServices Abroad
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
Canadian Language Benchmark Levels 1-7
In general, Canadian Language Benchmark Levels 7-10, with a bridge to work component
99… we have heard that some program limitations are emerging but we need to build evidence to prove this is the case …
Lack of breadth; client-specific information; availability. COACOA
PORTALPORTAL
ISAPISAP
Lack of awareness; regional/municipal/community specific information; client-specific modules eg. labour market.
Lack of case-management approach to deal with specific client-needs; paid internships for employment experience; client-specific mentoring programs
HOSTHOST Lack of Hosts - long waiting lists of newcomers; advertising/promotion; client-specific programs eg. mentoring
LINCLINC Lack of connection to individual’s mother tongue; assessment while individual is abroad; client-specific training; child minding services (available to adults only)
ELTELT Lack of assessment and training for individuals while abroad (available to adults only)
Lack of RAP services covering basic resettlement needs; limited health-care coverage (income support only available up to 12 months/temporary housing for 4-6 weeks) RAPRAP
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
Note: Programs offered in Canada are not available to immigrants who obtain citizenship
1010
…pointing towards to a need to move from a program approach to a client-centred approach.
address increasingly complex labour market requirements
meet specific gender, youth and seniors’ needs
respond to the unique needs of today’s refugees
equip newcomers to adapt to cultural norms of Canadian society
address needs as they change over the time continuum or adaptation
Integration is becoming increasingly complex…
An essentially “one-size fits all” approach does not always:
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
1111
Canada-Quebec Accord (Full Devolution)
BC/MB - CIC Funding/Province Manages Programs
AB/ON - CIC Funding/Co-Management with Province
Others & Territories – CIC Funding and Program Management
Multi-Stakeholder EngagementA range of partners and stakeholders are engaged to address a variety of integration needs.
There is an increasing array of programs, initiatives and partnerships to address integration needs.
VARIOUS DELIVERY ARRANGEMENTS
Community Associations
Boards of
Community
Trade
Ethnic Organizations
Municipalities
Service Provider Organizations
Immigrants & Refugees
Communities
Service
Employers
Immigrants & Refugees
Educational Institutions
Need to create coordinated approaches that clarify roles/responsibilities, strategically maximize collective capacity and respond to local needs/opportunities in order to improve outcomes for immigrants and refugees.
A patchwork of federal-provincial-territorial delivery arrangements and a lack of coordination between federal departments and with various stakeholders creates duplication, overlap and gaps in programs and services.
Faith-based organizationsFaith-based organizations
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
1212
2.1 Assessing the Multiple and Complex Dimensions of Integration
2.2 Advancing a Client-Centred Approach to Programming
2.3 Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities to Harness Potential Contributions of Partners and Stakeholders
2.4 Promoting Societal Awareness and Engagement
Thoughts for the FutureImmigrant Settlement and Integration
The current approach may not be adequate for present and future challenges which points towards a new approach to integration supports which requires:
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
1313Advancing a client-centred approach to programming Moving from programs to an approach based on client profile needs . . .
To provide the “right supports” to the “right people” at the “right time” See Annex for detailed illustrative examples
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
COACOA
PORTALPORTAL
ISAPISAP
HOSTHOST
LINCLINC
ELTELT
RAPRAP
•Foreign credential recognition •Bridge to work •Mentoring networks•Language training for industry specific occupational groups; •Internships to gain Canadian work experience
•Workforce; women at home, refugee / senior women •Childminding support; spousal abuse prevention, parenting skills
•Mentorship programs•Connect with communities, schools and peers - enhancing settlement workers in schools initiative•Marginalization/isolation
•Awareness of existing social services•Social networks•Literacy and life skills
•Resettlement Assistance Program-income support. •Socio-psychological stability; health, basic life skills, accommodation•Literacy, language training
LABOUR MARKET
GENDER
YOUTH
SENIORS
REFUGEES
. .
. .
..
..
..
..
..LA
BO
UR
MA
RK
ETG
END
ERYO
UTH
SEN
IOR
SR
EFU
GEE
S
Canadian Orientation Abroad
Going to Canada Immigration Portal
Immigrant Settlement and Adaptation Program
A volunteer-based matching program
Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada
Enhanced Language Training
Resettlement Assistance Program
•
•
•
1414
Coherent Federal Approach
Improved Alignment with Provinces and Territories
Stronger Role for Municipalities and Communities
Broader Partnerships
Municipalities
Boards of Trade
Service Provider Organizations
Employers
Provinces
Faith-based Organizations
Ethnic Organizations
Harness potential contributions of partners and stakeholders
. . . while improving overall accountability/performance measurement capacity.
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
A rigorous assessment of the multiple and complex dimensions to integration will help identify contributions from partners/stakeholders towards enhancing local programs and services to improve integration outcomes.
Communities
1515
Successful economic integration is dependent on successful social integration
Integration efforts are complemented by engaged and actively accommodating communities
Informing Canadians’ and immigrants’ views/expectations around immigration
and integration, including:
Promoting Societal Awareness and Engagement to Improve Outcomes
“welcoming communities” for small, medium and large cities to encourage immigrant/refugee settlement in all parts of Canada
tools to support public education - including anti-racism and conflict resolution strategies
engage the Canadian public and immigrants/refugees as part of a broader dialogue on citizenship issues
. . . to create conditions for integration and inclusion.. . . to create conditions for integration and inclusion.
Immigrant Settlement and Integration
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