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Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Incomplete Fractures Greenstick

The fracture lies in a transverse or oblique plane across the cortex with cortical disruption on one side and deformity on the other, resulting in bowing of the bone.

Can only happen in young bone

Incomplete Fractures Fissure

Longitudinal or spiral fracture in the cortex with no significant bone displacement and no bending, also know as a hairline fracture

Mature bone (more brittle)

Depression Fractures

Complete FracturesTransverse

The fracture occurs perpendicular (at right angles) to the axis of the bone.

Complete FracturesOblique

The fracture is diagonal to the long axis of the bone.

Often prefaced with “short” or “long”

Complete FracturesSpiral

The fracture is a curve.

Due to torsional forces on bone

Lots of soft tissue damage.

Complete FracturesComminuted

The fracture has one or more completely separated fragments

High energy trauma

No inherent stability

Complete FracturesMultiple

at least 3 pieces of bone, but the fracture lines do not intersect

Complete FracturesImpaction

cortical bone wedged into cancellous bone

Rare in animals

Complete FracturesCompression

cancellous bone collapses in upon itself

this occurs in vertebral bodies following trauma to the spine

Closed vs. Open Fracture

CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTION BY LOCATIONMETAPHYSEAL FRACTURE

For a clearer description the terms proximal or distal should be added, such as a closed, oblique fracture of the distal femoral metaphysis.

Since most metaphyseal fractures are through cancellous bone, they generally heal rapidly.

Salter-Harris Type I Physeal separation resulting in displacement of the

epiphysis from the metaphysis at the growth plate.

Salter-Harris Type I

Called a “slipped cap” when on the head of the femur

Salter-Harris Type II A corner of the metaphyseal bone is fractured with

displacement of the epiphysis from the metaphysis at the growth plate.

Salter-Harris Type II

Salter-Harris Type III A fracture through the epiphysis and part of the

growth plate; the metaphysis is unaffected (articular fractures).

Salter-Harris Type III

Salter-Harris Type IV

A fracture through the epiphysis, growth plate, and metaphysis; several fracture lines may be seen (articular fractures).

Salter-Harris Type IV

Salter-Harris Type V A compression fracture of the physis: These fractures

can lead to premature closure of the physis resulting in abnormal growth and limb deformity. This is most commonly seen in the distal ulnar growth plate due to its conical morphology.

Salter-Harris Type V

Meta-Splint

Meta-Splint

Meta-Splint Bandaged in Place

Reinforced Fiberglass Splint

Premolded

for hairline or

stable

fractures

Schroeder-Thomas Splint

Schroeder-Thomas Splint

Steinmann PinsIntramedullary (IM) Pins

Steinmann Pins

Cerclage wire

Cerclage wire

Interlocking Nail

Interlocking Nail

Linear External Fixator

Circular External Fixator

External Fixator

Bone

Cortical Bone

Trabecular Bone

Cortical Bone Screws

Cancellous Bone Screws

Bone Plates

Bone Plates and Screws

Canine Stifle Joint vs. Human Knee Joint

Cranial Drawer Sign for CCL Tear

Lateral Suture Technique

TPLO

Normal stifle joint

Degenerative Joint Disease

DJD

Osteoarthritis

Patella Luxation

Patella luxation

In the groove Not so much

– Deepens the trochlear groove

– Also known as “taco shell sulcoplasty"

Trochlear Wedge Resection

also deepens trochlear groove

Trochlear Block Resection

Patella luxation: Surgical repair

2) Transposition of tibial crest

Medial luxation patella