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IEA CSP Workshop:
Frank Lenzen, 03.03.2014
Lenzen, 03/03/2014
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
Different CSP Technologies
2
Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy
Parabolic trough collector Linear Fresnel collector
Solar tower Dish Sterling
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
3
Until end of 2013, a cumulated capacity of more than 3,6
GW has been installed
Cumulated CSP installations and technology share (MW)
3.268
1.088
189
470
175
66
3.632
1.624
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
in operation under construction /in commissioning
Fresnel Tower Parabolic Trough
Approx. 90% of the installed capacity
is Parabolic Trough
5% is Fresnel
5% Tower…
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
Overview of possible collector systems, heat transfer media
and storage media for CSP power plants
4
Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy
Collector system Heat transfer fluid Storage medium
Parabolic trough collector Oil Sensible molten: Solar salt
Fresnel collector Molten salt Sensible solid: Concrete,
sand
Solar tower Water (for DSG) Phase Change Material
(PCM): Salt
Air Water / Steam
Compressed Air
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
Overview of potential future CSP combinations consisting
of collector, heat transfer fluid and storage medium
5
Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
CSP Technology will move to Molten Salt or DSG as HTF in future
if storage up to 3 hours and more is required Molten Salt
6
Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy
Advantage / Disadvantage Salts Water (DSG)
Advantages
High evaporation point and
hence high HTF
temperatures possible
Same material used for heat
storage and as heat transfer
fluid, thus saving of heat
exchanger
Lower specific costs
compared to oil
Reliable HTF, non toxic
Direct admission of the steam
turbine with steam provided by
the solar field, hence saving of
heat exchanger
Very low specific costs compared
to oil and salt
Disadvantages Advanced freeze protection
system required
No long term experience
regarding corrosion risk
Sophisticated handling of the
DSG-process in the solar field
Elaborate design of a heat
storage for DSG required
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
7
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.52
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
p=100 bar
Live steam temperature[ C]
Efficiency ƞ
p=200 bar
p=300 bar
Typical steam turbine efficiency increase: 1: Standard PTC using oil as HTF 2: PTC with molten salt as HTF in 2020
1
2
Higher Temperatures will lead to higher Effiziencies in the Power Block
Source DII CSP 2020
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
LCOE reduction of 30 % expected for Molten Salt compared
to oil as HTF
1. Efficiency improvement of the Power Block performance
• 380 °C / 100 bar 39 %
• 550 °C / 150 bar 45 % 16 % rel. performance improvement
2. Reduced parasitic loads
3. Increased process temperature leads to reduced salt quantities and improved
Cost for thermal heat storage
Andasol – Typ 100 %
Molten Salt design 36 %
Cost efficiency for heat storage significantly better
No need for heat exchanger between oil and salt
Equipment for the permanent quality stabilisation of HTF/oil is expensive and can be
avoided
Corrosion of Molten Salt and increased process temperatures require selected materials
Anti freezing protection necessary
8
Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy
SCHOTT Solar CSP
Design Aspects for the Study
Solar only power plants
Large scale power plants beyond 100 MWel output for utility applications
CSP systems capable of installation of large storage capacities, > 3h
Heat transfer fluid interaction with the solar field, power cycle and storage
system shall not cause any major technical or commercial problems
Optimization of the power plant design regarding lowest levelized cost of
electricity
SCHOTT Solar CSP
LCOEs of Investigated CSP Technologies
Significant cost reduction by 2020 for CSP possible
Average values of 13€ct/kWh can be reached
Differentiation of CSP technologies not possible at this stage; highly depending on
site criteria required storage capacity and other boundary conditions
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10.5
15.7
13.1 Average
of 13€ct/kWh
Molten salt as HTF
Source DII CSP 2020
SCHOTT Solar CSP
Between 2020-2030 all renewable technology will be
competitive to all fossil technologies
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
LCOE, medium fuel prices [€/MWh]
Wind on-shore 3000 full load hours
PV utility 20MW 2200 GHI
CSP 250MW 8h storage 2600 DNI
OCGT - Open Cycle Gas Turbine
CCGT - Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
SCPC - Super Critical Pulverized Coal
Nuclear Generation III
Source: Dii
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
Since the market entry in 2005, SCHOTT Solar CSP has
achieved a leading market position
12
CSP capacity installed or under construction
2012 2005
0,35 GW
~ 3 GW
~ 1 GW
More than 3 Gigawatts
capacity equipped with
SCHOTT PTR®70
receivers
More than 1 Million
receivers supplied to
over 50 CSP projects
worldwide
SCHOTT Solar CSP - The Leader in Receiver Technology
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
SCHOTT pursues a continuous improvement of its PTR®
receiver
13
SCHOTT PTR®
2nd Gen
2008
SCHOTT PTR®
3rd Gen
2011
SCHOTT PTR®
1st Gen
2006
SCHOTT PTR®
3rd Gen Premium
2012
+ 2.9% plant
efficiency
+ 1.0% plant
efficiency
+ noble gas capsule = life-time
insurance
high temperature
(550°C)
SCHOTT PTR®
4th Gen
2013
SCHOTT PTR®70 Receiver Development
SCHOTT Solar CSP - The Leader in Receiver Technology
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
SCHOTT PTR®
4th Gen
Operation temperatures up
to 550°C
Usable with Molten Salts as
heat transfer fluids
Optimized robustness for
easy handling
The 4th generation receiver of SCHOTT Solar paves the way
to competiveness of CSP technology
14
2012
SCHOTT PTR®
2nd Gen
SCHOTT PTR®
3rd Gen
SCHOTT PTR®
1st Gen
2020 0
5
10
15
LCOE €ct/kWh
400°C
550°C
Operation
Temp.
550
400
450
500
SCHOTT Solar CSP - The Leader in Receiver Technology
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
SCHOTT PTR®70
Oil
SCHOTT PTR®70 Premium Integrated Noble Gas Capsule
as lifetime extender
+
Oil
SCHOTT PTR®70 Advance New steel grade for 550°C
Novel absorber coating +
+ Molten
Salt
Based on a new receiver platform, SCHOTT issues three
receiver products
15
SCHOTT PTR® 4th generation
receiver platform
New bellow design, suitable for high-temperature operation
Glass-to-metal seal with matching coefficients of thermal expansions
Protection cap for improved product robustness and easy handling
SCHOTT Solar CSP - The Leader in Receiver Technology
SCHOTT Solar CSP
© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH
Conclusion
16
Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy
Investigated parabolic trough, linear Fresnel and solar tower systems are feasible CSP
concepts to lower LCOEs by 2020. 13Cent/KWh seems to be a possible target (2020)
• Storage is a crucial feature for all CSP power plants in terms of lowering the LCOEs
and enabling power dispatchability, especially when considering high grid penetration
of renewable energy sources such as PV and Wind
Technology leap compared to existing systems is necessary to reach defined targets
Molten salt is considered by all players in the CSP branch to be one of the preferred
HTFs for all investigated systems which will enable the necessary technology leap by
2020
System optimization shows a trend toward high storage capacities for all technologies
by 2020 leading to high full load hours
First test installations will show the prove of concept short
term
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