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technologyconsul t ing
Campus Weekly
Journal By ExACT,
CSE Department
SRC,Kumbakonam Information Explorer
Facebook Defies Cana-
da Privacy Law
Canada's privacy com-
missioner says that the
online social networking
site Facebook breaches
the law by keeping users'
personal information
indefinitely after mem-
bers close their accounts.
Microsoft Gets Respect
With Bing
In late May, Microsoft
unveiled Bing, its new
Internet search engine, in
front of a skeptical audi-
ence. Six weeks later,
Bing has earned Mi-
crosoft what the compa-
ny's earlier search efforts
lacked: respect.
Symantec's Approach
to Online Safety
Computer security com-
pany Symantec recently
introduced Internetwatchdog software,
OnlineFamily.Norton,
that aims to encourage
kids and parents to have
a dialogue about what
sites are being visited.
MS Offers Web-Based
Office Suite
Microsoft is moving a
limited version of its
popular and lucrativeOffice software suite to
the Internet -- a direct
challenge to archrival
Google and its online
office productivity suite
Google Apps.
Google Releasing Chrome Operating System
SAN FRANCISCO (New york mes) — In a direct
challenge to Microso, Google announced late
Tuesday that it is developing an operang system
for PCs that is ed to its Chrome Web browser.
The soware, called the Google Chrome
Operang System, is inially intended for use in
the ny, low-cost portable computers known as
netbooks, which have been selling quickly even as
demand for other PCs has plummeted. Google said
it believed the soware would also
be able to power full-size PCs.
The move is likely to sharp-
en the already intense compeon
between Google and Microso,
whose Windows operang systemcontrols the basic funcons of the
vast majority of personal comput-
ers.
The soware would be re-
leased online later this year under
an open-source license, which
would allow outside programmers
to modify it. Netbooks running the
soware will go on sale in the se-
cond half of .
But while Google has deep pockets
and a vast reach, it is in for a diffi-
cult bale when it comes to chal-
lenging Microso in the operang
system market. Many companies have tried this
over the years, with lile success.
Google’s plans for the new operang sys-
tem fit its Internet-centric vision of compung.
Google believes that soware delivered over the
Web will play an increasingly central role, replacing
soware programs that run on the desktop. In that
world, applicaons run directly inside an Internet
browser, rather than atop an operang system, the
standard soware that controls most of the opera-ons of a PC.
That vision challenges not only Microso’s
lucrave Windows business but also its applica-
ons business, which is built largely on selling so-
ware than runs on PCs.
Google said Chrome OS will
have a minimalist user interface, leaving most space
on the screen to applicaons.
Google has already developed an open-
source operang system called Android that is used
in mobile phones. The soware is also being built
into netbooks by several manufacturers.
But Google has not encouraged netbook makers to
use Android. The company appears to be posioning
Chrome OS as its preferred oper-
ang system for netbooks, though it
said compeon between the two
systems would likely drive innova-
on.
Intel, the world’s largest chipmaker, has worked on developing a
Linux-based operang system called
Moblin as well. The company has
aimed the soware at netbooks and
smartphones in a bid to spur de-
mand for its Atom mobile device
chip.
To combat these efforts, Mi-
croso began offering its older Win-
dows XP operang system for use
on netbooks at a low price. In addi-
on, the company has vowed thatits upcoming Windows soware,
due out this fall, will run well on the
ny laptops, which have stood out
as the brightest part of the PC market during the
global economic downturn. Microso’s current Vista
operang system is designed for more powerful ma-
chines.
It's easy to assume Chrome OS is a strong
push to get users familiar with using Gmail, Google
Calendar, Google Docs, and other web suites, both
online and off. It's harder to figure out the specifics
of how Google's plaorm will overcome the deeply
entrenched Windows familiarity that has kept other
Linux-based netbook upstarts mostly in check, and
how it will accommodate the vast
array of x hardware compability
quirks that plagues Linux distribu-
ons to this day. More details and
discussions to come, certainly.
this issueOpen Source Revolution P.1
IT Management Tips P.2
Non-Profit Solutions P.3
Trends & New Software P.4
T R A C K
2 1 - J u l y - 2 0 0 9
07
Rosetta Stone Is Suing
Rosetta Stone has sued
Google for trademark
infringement, alleging that
a change in the search
giant's policy facilitates
the unauthorized use of its
brand by competitors and
software pirates..
.
Gmail Increases Maxi-mum Attachment Size to25 MB
Now you can send biggerattachments in Gmail, asGoogle increased themaximum attachment sizefrom 20 MB to 25 MB."With Gmail, you cansend and receive messag-es up to 25 megabytes(MB) in size. But notethat you may not be ableto send larger attachmentsto contacts who use otheremail services with small-er attachment limits.
Hid.im Converts Torrents
into PNG Images
Hid.im is a new web-
based service that allows
users to hide .torrent files
inside PNG images. This
means that users can easi-
ly upload hidden torrent
files to their favorite im-
age hosting service and
forums, or use it as an
avatar on social network-
ing sites without being
censored.
VLC Video Player's New
DVD-Copying Feature
Could Run Afoul of the
MPAA
The latest release of the
VLC media player is a
huge hit, racking up near-
ly 8.6 million downloads
since the 1.0 release last
week, according to the
makers of the software
VideoLAN. But some
observers - including
movie studio lawyers -
may feel the new software
is just a little too good. In
researching a review of
the software, We were
surprised to learn that it
easily allowed us to copy
encrypted DVDs directly
onto my hard drive. That's
something that has landed
firms such as RealNet-
works in court.
“We're designing the OS to be fast
and lightweight, to start up and getyou onto the web in a few seconds.
The user interface is minimal to stay
out of your way, and most of the user
experience takes place on the web.
And as we did for the Google Chrome
browser, we are going back to the
basics and completely redesigning the
underlying security architecture of
the OS so that users don't have to
deal with viruses, malware and
security updates. It should just work.”
GOOGLE’S OFFICIAL BLOG SAYS
EYE ON IT
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GOOGLE’S MICROSOFT MOMENT
We are not sure Google's new Chrome OS announcement is that big a
eal, or that the eventual product that gets released will actually have that
uch impact, but it's a useful milestone in marking Google's evoluon to-
ards becoming an older company with a disnctly different culture than
hey used to have.
his is, for lack of a beer term, Google's "Microso Moment". This is the
oint when the difference between their internal concepon of the company
arts to diverge just a bit too far from the public percepon of the company,nd even starts to diverge from reality. At this inflecon point, the reasons
or doing new things at Google start to change.
et us be clear: we don't think Google is "turning evil". Hell, we've caught a
t of flack for the fact that basically we don't think Microso was evil. But
here are some notable trends going on across Google today that could cause
he company to compromise its stated values and that will certainly cause
eople to think Google is being evil, if not corrected. We’ll try to outline a
ew key cultural indicators from around Google.
esigning for corporate synergy, not for users
Google's recent development work on applicaons for mobile devices
as oen been delivered exclusively as applicaons for their own Android
aorm instead of as iPhone applicaons, despite the fact that iPhones are
oughly forty mes more popular in the marketplace. iPhones are also much
ore popular outside of the United States than Android, further liming the
ctual audience served by these applicaons. Now, it's obviously good com-
any policy to make sure to support Google's own plaorms, and Google
oes an admirable job of using generic open web technologies where possi-
e to avoid having to choose between plaorms at all. But choosing to leave
he majority of users in a given market unaddressed because they are on a
aorm that is not part of your corporate goals is short-sighted and leaves a
ngering sense of mistrust.
If you look at Microso ten years ago, or even as recently as five years
go, they had a tendency to say "Well, we've got a version that works on
Windows Mobile." or "This works on Internet Explorer" and feel that they'd
one their job for addressing mobile or the web. Or Windows Media Playerould connect to XBox but not to any other systems for sharing media. They
ere pung their corporate agenda ahead of what the marketplace had cho-
en as its preferred plaorms. But aer all these years, Microso's internal
eams have finally started to develop their web or mobile versions of prod-
cts to work on competor's browsers and competor's mobile plaorms,
ecognizing that they have to go where the users are, instead of favoring only
he plaorms created by their corporate siblings. Google appears to be head-
d the other way.
Forgeng what the real world uses, and favoring what's convenient
or your own business goals is a quick way to have customers think you don't
are, and to indicate to partners or developers that pleasing Google is more
mportant than pleasing customers.
hanging methods of communicaon
Within Google, We are sure the percepon is that their public-facing commu-
caons are sll very "Googley".
Now, Google does an excellent
job of maintaining and using an enor-
mous number of official corporate blogs
in dozens of languages for a rapidly-
blossoming number of products and
iniaves. But despite my admiraon
for that effort, and their commendable
willingness to forgo the usual boring
press releases, the way that the compa-
ny communicates with the public has
fundamentally changed, and not neces-
sarily in a more human direcon.
(because of recent chrome comic re-
lease).
This would be okay, except that I
doubt Google's internal self-image as an
organizaon has changed to reflect this
new reality. "We're not like some giant
company with flashy TV ads — we're
just a bunch of geeks in Mountain
View!" And while that might be true for
the vast number of engineers who de-
fine the company's internal culture, the
external impression of Google being just
another tech tan like Microso willgain foong, making the audience for
Google's messages less tolerant of am-
biguity and less forgiving of mistakes.
Sll haven't developed Theory of Mind
Google sll hasn't developed theory of
Conclusion
Google has made commendable
steps towards communicang with
those outside of its sphere of influence
in the tech world. But the messages
will be incomplete or insufficient as
long as Google doesn't truly internalize
and accept that its public percepon is
about to change radically. The era of
Google as a trusted, "non-evil" startup
whose acons are automacally as-
sumed to be benevolent is over.
Years ago, GMail introduced
context-sensive ads and was unfairly
pilloried for being an-privacy or intru-
sive. And while there have been a few
similar hand-slappings along the way,
Google's never faced a widespread
backlash against their influence or
dominance from average consumers
yet. Today, protestaons of "but it's
open source!" are being used to paper
over real concerns about data owner-
ship, and the truth is that open codedoesn't necessarily imply that average
users are in control.
Google is entering the moment
where it has to be over -careful not to
offend, and extremely aenve to
whether they are treading lightly.
Is Google evil? It doesn't maer.
They've reached the point of corporate
ambion and changing corporate cul-
ture that means they're going to be
perceived as if they are. Whether
they're able to truly internalize that les-son, accept it, and act accordingly will
determine if they're able to extend
their dominance in the years to come.
What exactly is the
Unique ID project?
A project in which every Indian
cizen would have one unique
idenficaon number that will
idenfy him/her. It would not just
help the government track down
individuals as is highlighted by
the media, but would make life
far easier for cizens as they
would not have to submit so many docu-
ments each me they want to avail a
new service—private or government The ap-
pointment of Nandan Nilekani, the co-chairman of
Infosys, as the chairperson of the Unique
Idenficaon Authority of India is signifi-
cant, not only because it marks a depar-
ture from the tradional government way
of working — of looking at bureaucrats
and ex-bureaucrats to head projects of
naonal importance, but also because it
shows that the government has actually
put out effort to hunt the right person for the job.
IS
GOD (OR)
EVIL ???
This shortcoming exists at a deep
cultural level within the organiza-
on, and it keeps manifesng itself
in the decisions that the company
makes about its products and ser-
vices. The flaw is one that is perpet-
uated by insularity, and will only beremedied by becoming more open
to outside ideas and more aware of
how people outside the company
think, work and live.
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ciding which version of Windows to
tall can be a difficult decision and can
lly limit what you can do with your
tem. Here are praccal hints which
ould help a user decide which version
nstall. We decided to write this arcle
we faced some issues that arose out
installaon and tesng of -bit and
bit Vista systems on our PC. The dis-
ssion below on -bit OSs applies to
ndows Vista and RC.
hat is this so called "-bit"?
The terms -bit and -bit refer
the way a computer's processor han-
s informaon. It refers to the number
bits that can be processed or trans-
ed in parallel. -bit CPUs have exist-
in supercomputers since the s
d in RISC-based workstaons and serv-
since the early s. In they
re introduced to the (previously -
) mainstream personal computer are-
in the form of the x- and -bit
werPC processor architectures.
n I install a -bit Windows OS?
With the gaining popularity of -
chipsets/processors, many users now
ve the ability to run either -bit ver-
ns (x) or -bit versions (x) of
ware and operang systems. Howev-
if you only have a -bit processor,
ur choice is easy. For those with -bit
ocessors, it seems obvious that in-
lling the x version of Windows
uld be ideal. The x version has in-
ased security based around the -bit
ucture and programs compiled for -
processors will likely run faster. Just
d on... It should help you make a deci-n.
e -bit advantage:
Working in -bit has some con-
erable advantages. Some programs
ch as data encrypon soware can
nefit greatly from -bit registers (if
e soware is -bit compiled) and
ecvely execute to mes faster on
-bit than on -bit.
Memory Access Limitaons
A -bit version of Windows can
cess GB of RAM or more as op-
sed to GB in bit versions. In a -
OS, even if your computer has GB of
M, you can enjoy only about .GB or
of it, because the available address
ace or so of it, or so of it, because the
available address space has to shared with
Memory-Mapped IO devices and resources.Files of size more than GB are not uncom-
mon nowadays (a DVD image, for example).
Such files have to be mapped to the memo-
ry only in parts. But not all such applicaons
require a large address space nor manipu-
late -bit data items, so they wouldn't ben-
efit from the larger address space or wider
registers and data paths.
However, if you are an Enthusiast like
us, and If you currently think that GB is
more than enough for your PC, well, think
again. Sophiscated applicaons and high-end games are going to make GB inade-
quate in just a maer of few years. Just
think of what happened to Bill Gates' fa-
mous quote "K ought to be enough for
anybody."
Data Execuon Prevenon
Data Execuon Prevenon (DEP) is a
security feature included in modern Mi-
croso Windows operang systems that is
intended to prevent an applicaon or ser-
vice from execung code from a non-
executable memory region. -bit versions
of Windows use a soware-based version of
DEP and -bit counterparts support hard-
ware-backed DEP.
Kernel Patch Protecon (PatchGuard)
The Patchguard feature available on-
ly in -bit versions of Windows, prevents a
malicious program from updang the Win-
dows kernel. This feature works by helping
to prevent a kernel-mode driver from ex-
tending or replacing other kernel services.
Also, this feature helps prevent third-party
programs from updang (patching) any part
of the kernel. We were a bit disappointed
when we came to know that it is because of
this feature, our favourite security program
Sandboxie doesnt work on -bit edions.
Would I benefit from using a -bit OS?
The benefits of bits are most ap-
parent when you have a large amount of
random access memory (RAM) installed on
your computer ( GB of RAM or more). Be-
cause a -bit operang system can handle
large amounts of memory more efficiently
than a -bit operang system can, a -bit
system can be more responsive when run-
ning several programs at the same me and
switching between them frequently(multasking).
Soware availability
x-based -bit systems somemes
lack equivalents to soware that is wrien
for -bit architectures.
But Most programs designed for a com-
puter running a -bit version of Win-dows will work on a computer running
-bit versions of Windows. Notable excep-
ons are many anvirus programs, and
some hardware drivers. The support for
-bit programs has been totally dropped
(and that means you cannot run your
dear old Turbo C/C++ compilers in a -
bit OS!).
Can I upgrade from a -bit version of
Windows to a -bit version of Win-
dows?
If you are currently running a -
bit version of Windows, you can only per-form an upgrade to another -bit version
of Windows. -bit and -bit architec-
tures dont go together. You'll need to
back up your files and then perform a cus-
tom installaon of the -bit version of
Windows.
A change from a -bit to a -bit
architecture is a fundamental alteraon,
as most operang systems must be exten-
sively modified to take advantage of the
new architecture. Other soware must
also be ported to use the new capabili-
es; older soware is usually supported
through either a hardware compability
mode through soware emulator.
The device driver problem
So all hardware devices need -
bit drivers to work on a -bit version of
Windows. (just think how many mes you
have ignored that warning that a certain
hardware driver is not properly signed). If
you're trying to install a printer or a
webcam or other device that only has -
bit drivers available, or if your driver has
not be blessed by Microso, then forget
it. It will not work. Microso complains
that most of the OS crashes can be traced
to the flaws in poorly wrien drivers (and
you always ridiculed the OS for the crash-
es, din't you?).
Disadvantages:
. Most hardware does not currently have
-bit drivers.
. In x, any driver that is not properly
signed will not be able to enter the kernel
and will fail to load.
. x edions do not support -bit so-
ware.
. Currently, most proprietary x so-
ware is compiled into -bit code, not -
bit code. Very lile x soware currently
exists.
Limitaons
Most -bit micro-
processors on the market
today have an arficial lim-
it on the amount of memo-
ry they can address, be-
cause physical constraints
make it impossible to sup-
port the full . million
terabyte capacity.
While -bit archi-
tectures indisputably make
working with large data
sets in applicaons such as
digital video, scienfic
compung, and large data-bases easier, there has
been considerable debate
as to whether they or their
-bit compability modes
will be faster than compa-
rably-priced -bit systems
for other tasks. In x-
architecture (AMD), the
majority of the -bit oper-
ang systems and applica-
ons are able to run
smoothly on the -bit
hardware.
Conclusion
x edions are
definitely a turning point
for operang systems . But
currently, however, the ma-
jority of users will be very
disappointed by installing
x edions. In our opin-
ion, most users with -bit
hardware should install the
-bit (x) version of Win-
dows. Businesses, universi-
es, scienfic groups, gov-
ernment and all those who
run servers or need mas-
sive processing should go
for -bit. But for the ordi-
nary user, -bit is current-
ly a bit of an overkill. Why
push for -bit now any-
way? The performance
gains (roughly %) prom-
ised by -bit will not be
seen for years unl -bit
compiled versions of so-
ware is the norm. So, our
suggeson: Sck with
bits for now!
And... Happy Compung!
articles are edited and designed by Editorial Team of Information Explorer. Keep sending your articles to our e-mail id, we will publish in the next issue along with your names.ggestions and criticisms for the development of the magazine are welcomed. E-Mail id : ie.exact@gmail.com Blog URL : http://ie-exact.blogspot.com
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