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8/8/2019 ICT1_DN_CH1_Living in a network centric world
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2008
Chapter 1: Living in a network centricworld
1EA/ICT1/DataNetwerken
CCNA1: Network Fundamentals
yves.masset@artesis.be
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Overview
Much of this will become clearer LATER!
The more we learn, the more all of this will come into focus!
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Objectives
Describe how networks impact our daily lives.
Identify the key components of any data network.
Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by convergednetworks (carry voice, video, data)
Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance,scalability, quality of service and security.
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NETWORK CENTRIC WORLD
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Using Networks in our lives
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Using Networks in our work
Networks are no longer just a luxury, but anecessity in conducting business for businesses,governments, educational institutions, etc.
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Using Networks in our work
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Using Networks in outsideof work
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More than just connecting cables
(thats the easy part) Todays networks are complex and
sophisticated combination of protocols,software, hardware, algorithms,configurations, policies, and more
Security
Privacy
24 x 7 availability and access
Quality of Service
Video on Demand
Voice over IP (over the Internet) Redundancy and backup
Mission critical applications
Productivity and user expectations
Wireless
Networks Behind the scenes
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Networks Supporting the Way We Live
The original idea about networks and the Internet was about sharing computerresources computer-to-computer communications.
That quickly changed to people-to-people communications.
Early networks were limited to character-based information.
Communications between computers was not common nor easy to do.
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Networks Supporting the Way We Live
Todays networks carry between many different types of devices:
Voice
video streams
Text
graphics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
CQzUsTFqtW0
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Networks are integral in our daily lives
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Examples of Todays Popular CommunicationTools
Instant Messaging: AOL AIM and MSN Messanger Developed from earlier Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Incorporates features such as:
file transfer voice video communication (web cam) chat
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Weblogs (blogs)
Weblogs (Blogs) are web pages that are easy to update and edit.
Unlike commercial websites, which are created by professionalcommunications experts, blogs give anyone a means to communicate their
thoughts to a global audience without technical knowledge of web design.
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Wikis
Wikis are web pages that groups of people can edit and view together.
There is a public wiki, called Wikipedia, that is becoming a comprehensiveresource - an online encyclopedia - of publicly-contributed topics.
Private organizations and individuals can also build their own wikis to capturecollected knowledge on a particular subject.
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Podcasting
Podcasting is an audio-based
medium that originally enabledpeople to record audio and convert itfor use with iPods.
Podcasting allows people to delivertheir recordings to a wide audience.
The audio file is placed on a website(or blog or wiki) where others candownload it and play the recording ontheir computers, laptops, and iPods.
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Collaboration Tools
Collaboration tools give people the opportunity to work together on shareddocuments.
Without the constraints of location or time zone, individuals connected to ashared system can speak to each other, share text and graphics, and editdocuments together.
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Supporting Learning
E-Learning
On-line discussions and access to resources
On-line assignments and assessments
Blended distance learning
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Packet Tracer .
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Networks Supporting the Way We Work
Intranets, private networks in use by just one company, enable businesses tocommunicate and perform transactions among global employee and branchlocations.
Companies develop extranets, or extended internetworks, to providesuppliers, vendors, and customers limited access to corporate data to check
order status, inventory, and parts lists. artesis 2008 | 21
N t k S ti th
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Networks Supporting theWay We Play
Personal Web Sites
Sharing photos and videos(YouTube)
Travel: Expedia, Priceline,
Travelocity, etc. IM
Gaming
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COMMUNICATION
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What is Communications?
Different expectations depending on whether we are chatting via the Internet orparticipating in a job interview.
Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules oragreements to govern the conversation.
These rules, or protocols, must be followed in order for the message to besuccessfully delivered and understood.
A protocol is nothing more than an agreement or rules to govern a way ofcommunicating.
Among the protocols that govern successful human communication are: An identified sender and receiver
Agreed upon method of communicating (face-to-face, telephone, letter,photograph) Common language and grammar Speed and timing of delivery Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements
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Protocol
Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules oragreements to govern the conversation.
These rules, or protocols, must be followed in order for the message to be
successfully delivered and understood.
A protocol is nothing more than an agreement or rules to govern a way ofcommunicating.
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Quality of
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Quality ofCommunications
Examples
An identified sender
An identified receiver
Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements Format or order of information
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Quality of Communications
Internal factors: nature of the message itself. The size of the message
The importance of the message
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NETWORK AS A PLATFORM
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What is Networking?
Networking - the interconnection of
workstations, peripherals, terminalsand other devices.
Whatis.com: In informationtechnology, networking is theconstruction, design, and use of
network, including the physical(cabling, hub, bridge, switch, router,and so forth), the selection and use oftelecommunication protocol andcomputer software for using andmanaging the network, and the
establishment of operation policiesand procedures related to thenetwork.
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Devices on a network
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Network Medium
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Network Applications and Protocols
Some other applications:
DNS, DHCP, HTTP, SMTP, FTP
Some other protocols
TCP/IP suite of protocols
Ethernet
Routing protocols
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Converged Networks
Traditional telephone, radio, television, and computer data networks eachhave their own individual versions of the four basic network elements.
Technology advances are enabling us to consolidate these disparate networksonto one platform - a platform defined as a converged network.
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Converged Networks
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ARCHITECTURE OF THEINTERNET
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four characteristics that are addressed by network architecture design
Scalability through:hirarchical design
Fault tolerance/ availability through:redundant paths with
failover and loadbalancing
packet switching
Quality of service
Security
network infrastructure (firewalls, passwords,)content (authentication, encryption)
4 characteristics
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Network Architecture
A fault tolerant networkis one that limits theimpact of a hardware orsoftware failure and canrecover quickly whensuch a failure occurs.
A scalable network canexpand quickly tosupport new users andapplications withoutimpacting theperformance of theservice being deliveredto existing users.
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Quality ofService
Voice and live video transmissions require a level of consistent quality anduninterrupted delivery that was not necessary for traditional computer
applications. artesis 2008 | 38
S
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Security
The security and privacy expectations that result from the use of internetworksto exchange confidential and business critical information exceed what thecurrent architecture can deliver.
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Ci i S i h d C i i d N k
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Circuit Switched Connection-oriented Networks
Setup process
Temporary circuit Failure in path, connection terminated
Limited number of circuits
Because resources at the various switching locations are dedicated to providing a finitenumber of circuits, the quality and consistency of messages transmitted across aconnection-oriented network can be guaranteed.
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P k S i h d C i l N k
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Packet Switched Connectionless Networks
Single message can be broken into multiple message blocks (packets). Packets containing addressing information indicates both their origination point
and their final destination. Packets, can be sent through the network along various paths, and can be
reassembled into the original message upon reaching their destination.
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Circuit Switched (connection oriented) vs
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Circuit Switched (connection oriented) vsPacket Switched (connectionless)
Circuit Switched
Dedicated circuit
Guaranteed level of service(bandwidth) - QoS
Inefficient use of medium
Single path, no redundancy
Packet Switched
Shared circuit
Messages divided into packets
More efficient use of medium
Redundancy, multiple possiblepaths
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S l bl N t k A hit t
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Scalable Network Architecture
Tier-1 providers: ISPs provide national and international connections.(Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, NTT, cable systems, etc.)
Tier-2 providers: Provide regional service, pay Teir-1 for connectivity.
Tier-3 providers: Provide service directly to end users, usually connectedthrough Tier-2 providers.
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Quality of Service
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Quality of Service
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QoS Matters
Without properly designed and implemented QoS mechanisms, data packetswill be dropped without consideration of the application characteristics orpriority.
Dropped distress call to an emergency response center, or of a lost control signalto an automated piece of heavy machinery.
A key responsibility for the network managers is to establish a QoS policy.
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Pro iding Net ork Sec rit
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Providing Network Security
Securing a network infrastructure includes the physical securing of devices
that provide network connectivity and preventing unauthorized access. Content security refers to protecting the information contained within the
packets being transmitted over the network and the information stored onnetwork attached devices.
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TRENDS IN NETWORKING
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Trends
Three major trends that are contributing to the future shape of complexinformation networks:
Increasing number of mobile users
Proliferation of network capable devices
Expanding range of services
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Career Opportunities
Information Technology and networking careers are growing andevolving as fast as the underlying technologies and services.
As networks increase in sophistication, the demand for people withnetworking skills will continue to grow.
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IT is not the network it is the users
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IT is not the network, it is the users
The IT (Information Technology)department is not the network.
The network is the users and their:
Needs
Expectations
Requirements
Uses
It is not up to the IT department todecide how the network gets used,but how to meet the user
requirements and at the same timeprovide the security and quality ofservice necessary.
If IT doesnt find a way, theusers will!
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A shift in attitude
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A shift in attitude
If an old school IT staff doesnt change,
they will be replaced. There is too much at stake and there are
IT people who can meet the needs of theusers and the organization.
Old school IT doesnt work any more.
We dont support MACs.
We cant allow that application on our
network. We cant give them access on our
network.
We have too much to do already.
We dont support that.
You dont know about networks, so
we cant do that. That would breach our security.
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Technical and Soft Skills
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Technical and Soft Skills
Networking professionals need moreknowledge and skills today than everbefore.
Tomorrows IT professionals will need
even more.
Just as important, and sometimeseven more important are the soft
skills: Attitude
Enthusiasm
Communications skills
Professionalism (conduct, etc.)
A professional within the organization.
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HOW TO MAKECONNECTIONS
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Four things you need to connect to other computers
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1. IP Address
2. Subnet Mask
3. Default GatewayAddress
4. DNS (DomainName Server)Address
Four things you need to connect to other computers
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IP Address
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192 . 5 . 34 . 11Dotted decimalnotation
Hirarchisch adres:
Netwerkgedeelte tot welk net/subnet behoor ik?:
eentjes in subnetmasker hier = aan /24
Hostgedeelte wie ben ik in het net/subnet?
nullen in subnetmasker
255 . 255 . 255 . 0
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnetmask
IP Address
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IP classes
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/8255.0.0.0
/16255.255.0.0
/24255.255.255.0
SUBNETMASK
IP classes
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1-126
Niet 0 & 127
128 -191
192 -223
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Private vs public ip addresses
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Private vs public ip addresses
PRIVATE:
A: 10.0.0.1 10.255.255.254
B: 172.16.0.1 172.31.255.254
C: 192.168.0.1 192.168.255.254
SPECIAL:
A: 0 and 127
Static vs dynamic ip addresses
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Na instellen statisch IP adres
CONTROLE met ipconfig
Daarna test connectiviteit met ping
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