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SAMPLE TEACHERS MANUAL
LESSON 2 COMPUTER ELEMENTS
Estimated Learning Time: 2 sessions
Reference: ICT Stages 4 KEY STEPS pages 27-38
Values Formation: Humility
Appreciation
Diligence
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to:
identify the elements of computer system;
discuss the elements of computer and
show interest in discussing the elements of computer.
Routinary Activities
Prayer
Enlivener
Review of the Past Lesson
Lesson Proper
Assessment / Evaluation
ICT Integration
Computer Literacy
Materials
Teacher: Seating chart for the computer laboratory; textbooks for
distribution; board and chalk; flash cards/ pictures of computer
elements
PowerPoint presentation of the computer elements
Pupils: Computer Book, notebook, pencil
Strategies
1. Show pictures/ actual computer elements
2. Discuss the elements of computer.
Motivation
1. Enlivener
2. PowerPoint Presentation of the Computer elements
3. Flash cards
4. Games
Review of the Past Lesson
Who is the Father of Modern Computer?
Can you recite at least 5 inventors and their inventions?
Lesson Proper
A computer is an automatic and electronic machine that:
accepts data and instruction from a user (INPUT);
manipulate data according to instructions (PROCESS);
store the data and instructions (STORAGE); and
give meaningful results to the user (OUTPUT);
The computer has four elements. They are as follows:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Peopleware
4. Dataware
HARDWARE - refers to the physical parts of computer. These are the
interconnected computer devices which can be seen and touched.
Example of computer hardware according to its function:
A. Input Devices – accept data and instructions from the users or
other computer systems.
Two most popular input devices for personal computer:
1. Keyboard – It is the standard input device. It
consists of alphanumeric keys, numeric keys,
arrow keys, function keys and other special
keys for computer operations.
2. Mouse – is the most popular pointing input
device. It is used to move across a mat or flat
surface to move the cursor on a computer
screen.
Other input devices
Trackball Touchpad Graphics Tablet
Touchscreen Joystick Pointing Stick
Microphone Speech Recognition Light Pen
Image Scanner Eye Gaze Tracker Web Camera
Touch and Go Magic Trackpad Barcode Reader
Laser Pen Optical Card Reader
Output devices – These are devices that return processed data back
to the user or to another computer system.
Below are some examples of output devices:
1. Monitor - displays the texts, videos and graphics information
generated by the computer. They are very similar to televisions.
Two kinds of monitor
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
2. Printer – a device that accepts text and graphic output from a
computer and transfers the information on paper.
3. Speaker and headphone – These are devices where you can
hear sound.
Storage Devices
Storage devices are computer devices that hold data and
information. There are two kinds of storage devices, the primary
storage and the secondary storage.
1. Primary storage is also known as main memory. It is the internal
storage of a computer that holds data for quick access by the
computer’s processor.
Examples of the primary storage are the following:
a. Read Only Memory (ROM)
b. Random Access Memory (RAM)
2. Secondary storage is sometimes called as the Auxiliary storage.
It supplements the main memory. It stores data and instructions
for future use.
Other hardware devices:
1. Motherboard – It is the main circuit board that holds the CPU,
RAM and any other computer peripheral.
2. RAM (Random Access Memory) - It temporarily stores data and
instructions that are being fed in the computer.
3. AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) and
4. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
AVR - as the name implies, is a device intended to
regulate voltage automatically.
UPS - It is also called a battery back-up. It’s a device that
helps provides consistent power to a computer system.
SOFTWARE
Software refers to a program that tells the computer what to do.
These are sets of instructions that run on your machine and for the
machine to follow.
There are two kinds of software:
1. Operating System Software – This program is used by computer
to control all the computer devices and coordinates its own
activities. This is the most important software of the computer.
Examples of system software:
Windows systems such as Windows 7, Windows 8 etc.
iOS
Linux
2. Application software – A generic term to any program which is
intended for the users in performing specific task.
PEOPLEWARE
This element refers to a person who uses computer or to a
person who maintains and repairs it.
A computer is just a machine invented by the people.
It would not work without the help of a person who will use it.
Examples of Peopleware:
Computer Engineer
Computer Teacher
Computer Technician
Webmaster
System Analyst
Computer Programmer
Call Center Agent
DATAWARE
Data consists of raw facts that allows the computer to manipulate
and process them to become an information useful to people.
Data can be classified as the following:
Formatted data – Numerical and alphabetical data
Text – series of letter and numbers and other special characters
and symbols
Image – data in the form of pictures, graph and drawings.
Audio – data in the form of sounds
Video – data that refers to a movie clip taken by video camera
played in the computer.
Valuing
Appreciation and better care when using the computer by
knowing the different computer elements needed to make the
computer work.
Assessment / Evaluation
Knowledge Check (Activity 5 page 35)
Process Check (Activity 6 page 36)
Understanding Check (Activity 7 page 37)
Performance Check (Activity 8 page 38)
Please refer to the Answer key for the key to correction.
ANSWER KEY
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