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hydroelectric powerAlternative Energy
Hydroelectric power
Hydroelectric power is generated by capturing energy from moving water.
The gravitational potential energy stored in water transforms into kinetic energy as it moves downhill (flows).
24% of the world’s electricity Worldwide
70% of all renewable electricity in United States
Energy Flow Diagram
hydroelectric schemes
Water stored in lakes
Water stored in large reservoirs high up as feasible
Tidal water storage
Traps water at high tides and releases it during low tides
Pump storage
Water is pumped from a low reservoir to high reservoir
History
B.C.: Used by the Greeks to turn water wheels for grinding wheat into flour
Mid-1770s: French hydraulic and military engineer Bernard Forest de Bélidor wrote Architecture Hydraulique
1880: A brush arc light dynamo driven by a water turbine
1881: A brush dynamo connected to a turbine
1882: World’s first hydropower plant
Watermill of Braine-le-Château, Belgium (12th century)
High-Current Copper-Brush Commutated Dynamo
Water stored in lakes
Water Cycle
Turbine
Generator
Transmitting Power
Grand Coulee Dam
Tidal Water Storage
Rance Tidal Power Station
Pump Storage
Ffestiniog Pumped Storage
Conservation of Energy
mgh=1/2mv^2
Power=energy transferred/time (Watt= Js^-1)
Power (in watt) = mgh/1s
Amount of available power
Physics Behind
Efficiency
1848 James B. Francis, created turbine with 90% efficiency
Tidal power plants have around 85% efficiency
Pump power plants have negative efficiency
Current Status
24% of world’s electricity
675,000MW produced
3.6 billion barrels of oil
Advantages
Low Power Cost
Reduces CO2 Emission
Other uses of the reservoir
Renewable
News
disadvantages
Ecosystem damage and loss of land
Siltation and flow shortage
Methane emission (from reservoirs)
Failure risk
News
Advancements
Fish Friendly Turbine
EPRI, Alden Laboratories
Pathway in the middle of the turbine
Advancements
Hydroelectric Footwear
Robert Komarechka
moving liquid turns a turbine blade
micro turbines will generate enough electricity to power almost any gadgets
Conclusion
The hydroelectric power generates electricity by changing potential energy into kinetic energy
Had advantages and disadvantages
Continuous researches are done both in micro and macro scale due to it’s high efficiency
It can be applied in micro scale, such as creating energy at household using hydropower
Citation
"History of Hydropower." Water Power Program:. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.
"Hydroelectic Power - How It Works." YouTube. YouTube, 18 Sept. 2007. Web. 21 May 2013.
"Swcphysics30." Swcphysics30. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.
"All About Hydropower Energy." What Is Hydropower Energy? N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.
"Do the Math." Do the Math. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.
"Energy Resources: Tidal Power." Energy Resources: Tidal Power. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.
"How Efficient Are Hydroelectric Dams?" Renewable Energy Index. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.
"How Efficient Is Tidal Power?" Renewable Energy Index. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.
"Energy.gov." Energy.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.
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