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Human Computer Interaction Research in the
MIS Discipline
HCI Panel AMCIS ’02Dr. Jane M. Carey
Definition of HCI
“Human Factors in IS (HCI) is the scientific study of the interaction between people, computers, and the work environment. The knowledge gained from this study is used to create information systems and work environments which help to make people more productive and more satisfied with their work life.” (Beard & Peterson, 1988)
Consensus definition from the HFIS Symposia series
Mason & Mitroff (1983)- MIS Relational Triad
DecisionMaking Environment
HumanCharacteristics
InformationalAttributes
Man
/Mach
ine In
terfa
ce
Cognitive stylePsychological typeCommunication skillsInformational needsUser experienceUser attitude
Organizational contextProblem typeLeadership style of orgHierarchical level of DMUncertainty & risk
Scope ,TimelinessMode of presentation,Horizon, AccuracyFormat, Value
Huber, Management Science 1983
“Cognitive Style as a basis for MIS and DSS designs: Much ado about nothing?”This article had a dampening effect on studying human computer interaction due to the prestige of Management Science and the limited means available to measure cognitive style at the time At the time, most MIS researchers studying human/computer interaction used Myers/Briggs type indicator to measure CS
Referent Disciplines for HCI
ManagementTheory
Psychology
MIS/Computer Science
Human FactorsEngineering – Ergonomics
Organizational Behavior
HFIS Symposia Series (1986-1997)
Models of HCI
USER
IS ProfessionalComputer
Organization
Human/ComputerInteraction
InformationPresentation
Interface SpecificationTools
System/UserCommunication(Documentation)
End UserInvolvement
A Model of HCILong & Whitfield (1989)
Real World Science SupportRepresentations
People
Computers
Other
+
+
Intermediary Representations
AcquisitionRepresentation
AcquisitionRepresentation
Human Science
ComputerScience
OtherScience
Analyze Generalize
ParticularizeSynthesize
Research Agenda for HCILewis (1990)
1. Understand user goals and preferences (interface design theory)2. Broaden applied cognitive theory (problem representation)3. Support innovation (technology to support interface design)4. Credit assignment (measure the impact of interface design on performance)
HCI Independent & Dependent Variables
Independent Dependent
User/Analyst Interface Characteristics
Performance
1. IndirectA. AptitudeB. AttitudeC. Decision Style
1. Content 1. Decision Effectiveness
A. AccuracyB. TimelinessC. QualityD. Confidence
2. DirectA. TrainingB. ExperienceC. Involvement
2. Form 2. Satisfaction
3. Decision SettingA. TaskB. Management
LevelC. UncertaintyD. TimelinessE.
Structuredness
F. Context
3. Presentation 3. LearningA. EaseB. Time
4. Media 4. System Responsiveness
5. Context 5. Speed of use
6. Error rate
Measurement Issues in HCINewsted, Todd, & Zmud, 1997
Theories require constructs & constructs require measurement, therefore no theory without measurementDefinitional concerns (conceptual ambiguity and conceptual overlap)Concerns with construct-context interaction (such as the tight construct-context linkage in task performance)Zmud & Boynton criteria for instrumentation
Multiple-item scaleAbility to find and use an instrumentDescription in refereed sourceAssessment of psychometric properties
Classifying measuresOutcome versus process measuresPerceptual versus behavioral measuresObtrusive versus non-obtrusive measuresQualitative versus Quantitative measures
Instrument validation for experimentation
Construct validationManipulation & measurementCovariate measurementExperimenter effectsOnline data capture
Conclusion – HCI measures are improving, but have a long way to go
Measurement Issues in HCINewsted, Todd, & Zmud, 1997
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