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Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
James Webb Space Telescope
© David A. Hardy/www.astroart.org/PPARC
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Phase A Phase B Phase C/D Phase E
Concept Development Design, Fabrication, Assembly and Test
FormulationAuthorization
NAR Launch
science operations ...
ICR(PNAR)
T-NAR
JWST Facts at a Glance
• 6.5 m primary • 0.7- 28 µm (zodi limited to 10 µm)• Launch ~ June 2013• L2 Operations• General Observer/Legacy/GTO Programs
(70%/10%(TBD)/20%) • 5 year lifetime, 10 year goal (expendables)• NASA/ESA/CSA collaboration (80%/15%/5%)
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Science Philosophy
• Larger & colder primary to observe “first light” objects to z ~ 15 (1 nJy sensitivity)
• Take advantage of passive cooling to reduce telescope and instrument backgrounds to zodi or below (below 10µm)
• Maximize discovery space by extending into the MIR in imaging and spectroscopy but do not drive the mission by MIR requirements. SAT
ReportJuly ‘06
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Discovery Space
• JWST should maintain a significant advantage over 30 m diameter ground-based telescopes above 1.7 µm.
SATReportJuly ‘06
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Breadth of Science
• Four major themes– End of the “Dark Ages” & observing “First Light” objects– Assembly of Galaxies (1 < z < 7)– Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems– Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life
• Studies in these areas are described in the Science Requirements Document as examples -- this science is not locked up by the GTOs.
• There are many other areas that JWST can make unique contributions -- see the SAR report on www.stsci.edu/jwst
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
End of the dark ages: first light and reionization
• What are the first galaxies?• When did reionization occur?
– Once or twice?
• What sources caused reionization?
Patchy Absorption
Redshift
Wavelength Wavelength Wavelength
Lyman Forest
Absorption
Black Gunn-Peterson trough
z<zi
z~zi
z>zi
Neutral IGM
.
SpitzerGOODS20,000 s
JWSTGOODS1,000 s
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Near Infrared Camera
• PI: Marcia Rieke, University of Arizona• Two 2.16’x2.16’ imaging fields. Each field is
simultaneously observed in two bands:– 0.7 - 2.3 µm (Nyquist sampled at 2 µm, 0.03” pixels)– 2.4 - 5 µm (Nyquist sampled at 4 µm)
• 8 intermediate and 8 broad bands: photo z’s to 4%• Coronagraphs at 2 and 4 µm• Wavefront sensing optics
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
The Assembly of Galaxies
• Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?
• How did the heavy elements form?• Can we test hierarchical formation
and global scaling relations?• What about ULIRGs and AGN?
Galaxies in GOODS Field
• Wide-area imaging survey• R=1000 spectra of 1000s of
galaxies at 1 < z < 6• Targeted observations of ULIRGs
and AGN
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec)
• ESA Contribution: PI: Peter Jakobsen• Multi-Shutter Array (developed by GSFC)
– 3.4’ x 3.4’ field with 0.22” x 0.4” addressable apertures– R ~ 100, 1000, 3000– Integral Field Unit (0.1” slits, 3” x 3”)– Fixed slits in center for high contrast
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems
• How do clouds collapse?• How does environment affect
star-formation?– Vice-versa?
• What is the low-mass IMF?
• Imaging of molecular clouds• Survey “elephant trunks”• Survey star-forming clusters
Deeply embedded protostar
Agglomeration & planetesimals Mature planetary system
Circumstellar disk
The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST
The Eagle Nebulaas seen in the infrared
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Planetary systems and the origins of life
• How do planets form?• How are circumstellar disks
like our Solar System?• How are habitable zones
established?
Simulated JWST imageFomalhaut at 24 microns
• Extra-solar giant planets– Coronagraphy
• Spectra of circumstellar disks, comets and KBOs
• Spectra of icy bodies in outer Solar System
Titan
Malfait et al 1998
Spitzer image
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI)
• European/NASA collaboration– Gillian Wright (European Lead
Scientist)– George Rieke (US Lead Scientist)
• 5-27 µm (1K x 1K Si:As)– Nyquist sampled imaging at 7 µm,
1.4’ x 1.2’ field– Integral Field Spectroscopy (4 bands
simultaneously, 3.7” - 7.7” fields, R~ 3000
– Low resolution spectroscopy, R~100, 5-10µm
– Simple and phase-shifted coronagraphy
MIRI
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System?
Here is anillustration ofwhat MIRI mightfind within thevery young corein Ophiuchus,VLA 1623
artist’s concept ofprotostellar diskfrom T. Greene, Am. Scientist
approximate field for NIRSpec & MIRI integral field spectroscopy
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Progress
• All 18 mirror segments are being figured.• All major new technologies will be demonstrated in a
realistic environment by early 2007. Examples:– Backplane stability at cryo -- this summer– HgCdTe and Si:As detectors -- done– 6 K cryocooler for MIRI -- this winter– Mirror segment production process -- this spring– Sunshield -- done
• All science instruments are currently under construction.
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Full Scale Model, GSFC 2005
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
1/6 Scale Telescope @ Ball
• Segments & Secondary have flight-like degrees of commanded motions• Testbed will be used to demonstrate Wavefront sensing and control algorithms• Piston adjustment algorithm already demonstrated on Keck with JWST-like optics
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Backplane Stability Test Article
- Picture shows the composite Backplane Stability Test Article (BSTA) Being Built at ATK- 3-meter structure is 1/6th of the primary mirror backplane (3 mirror segments) - Plan is to perform cryogenic thermal distortion testing on it
Peter Stockman, STScI
Hubble Fellows April 21, 2006
Instrument ETU Hardware in Production
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