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HS 325 ►Overuse Injuries► Social, Cultural, and Multicultural constraints in Motor Development► Teaching Styles
What’s Due?
Wed, Nov. 1: Article summary (online resources)Mon, Nov. 6: Two school recess observations due
by today
Preventing Overuse
Accentuate general fitness and avoid excessive volume All programs should include conditioning and flexibility Avoid early, intense sport specialization Follow the 10% rule initially, then adjust for each
individual Follow proper training progression Carefully monitor training during adolescent growth spurt
Appropriate Supervision- Correct sports technique
(Overuse) Red Flags Rapid Growth
Inflexibility (muscle Imbalance)Prior InjuryInadequate ConditioningAnatomic MisalignmentToo-rapid training progressionInadequate RestInappropriate equipment/footwearUneven or hard surfacesIncorrect Sport TechniqueAdult or Peer Pressure
Ch. 11& 12 Social, Cultural, and Psychosocial Constraints in Motor Development
Gender Race Ethnicity Socioeconomic Status
Gender-Role Stereotypes
Then: Hopkinton, Mass., April 19, 1967 - Who says Chivalry is dead? - A girl listed as "K. Switzer of Syracuse" found herself about to be thrown out of normally all-male Boston Marathon today when a husky companion Thomas Miller of Syracuse threw block that tossed race official out of the running instead. Sequence shows Jock Semple, official, moving in to intercept Miss Switzer then being bounced himself by Miller. Photos by Harry Trask of Boston Traveler.
Affect of Significant Others on Physical Activity Socialization
Family MembersParentsSiblings
Peers
Coaches and Teachers
Psychosocial Constraints in Motor Development
Self-Esteem
Perceived CompetenceLow Levels may result in unwillingness to try challenging tasks, a lack of effort to do well, avoidance of participation
Motivation Persistence p. 213Dropping Out p. 214
Self Concept
Personal assessment of one’s worthiness- The Attitude one holds towards him/herself
(not in comparison to others)
Self-EsteemSelf-description based on how others view us
Social~ Physical ~ AcademicBoth influence one’s perception of
competence and worthiness
Components of a Positive Self –Concept p.123
Belonging Worthiness Uniqueness Perceived Competence Acceptance of Self Virtue
There are no short cuts to building self –confidence!
Implications for physical educators
Cooperative Learning
Fosters positive socialization
Working with others to achieve a common goal
Factors that Affect Affective Development p. 137
Encouragement Goal-Setting Self-Assessment Moral Dilemmas
Implications for Teaching Developmental P.E.
Developmentally Appropriate ActivitiesProper Skill ProgressionIndividualizedReasonable GoalsChallengingPositive ReinforcementSafe Environment(Mistakes OK Zone)
What are some ways to convey to your students that‘winning isn’t everything?’(intentionally and unintentionally)
Real-World Situation:The Teachers’ Lounge p. 133
When is having a conversation about difficulty you are having with a student productive, and when is it counter-productive?
What is a Teaching Style?
A specific set of decisions made by the instructor to achieve the learning objectives of a lesson.
Why Use Multiple Teaching Styles?
Personal Choice/preference
Tradition
Student Diversity
Multiple Objectives
The Spectrum of Teaching Styles p. 231
Direct Teacher-Centered Command Practice Reciprocal (Learning Lab
Mon.)
Self-Check Inclusion (learning Lab
Mon.)
Indirect Learner Centered Guided Discovery Convergent Discovery Divergent Discovery
Direct Teaching Styles
Teacher -Centered Teacher makes most of the decisions Based of Behavioral Learning Theory
Learning occurs from the outside in from the correct reproduction of events/technique
What are the advantages of using a DIRECT teaching style?
Works well with large groups of children
Structured (conducive to good class control)
Efficient, clear, straightforward
Usually easy to plan and organize
INDIRECT Teaching Styles
Learner(child)-Centered Child is at center of learning process
Learning to Learn through experimentation, problem-solving, etc.
Based on Cognitive Learning Theory- Learning is an internal process that occurs from the inside out through incorrect attempts
Process (of learning) is just as important as the product
What are the advantages of using an INDIRECT teaching style?
Helps children become involved in their own learning
Allows for individual differences between learners
All students can find a degree of success at their individual level of ability
Selecting a Teaching Style for a Lesson
What are the considerations that relate to Learner Characteristics?
Factors to ConsiderRefer to chart on p. 243
Stage of motor development Level of movement skill learning Level of cognitive comprehension Fitness Level Self-Control Interest
What is YOUR preferred Learning Style?
What is your preferred TEACHING style?
Have a great weekend!(Pay attention to your personal style)
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