How to describe an angiosperm flower - · PDF fileHow to describe an angiosperm flower Dr...

How to describe anangiosperm flower

Dr MAHESH P.UDept of Dravya guna

Govt ayurveda collegeTripunithura

Flower

The most colour full part

of a plant

Consist of

Calyx

Corolla

Andrecioum

Gynocioum

FLOWER AMATOMY

Description in general

1,Pedicellate or sessile

2,Bracteate or Ebracteate

3,Actinomorphic or Zygomorphic

4,Unisexual or Bisexual

5,Complete or Incomplete

6,Regular or irregular

7,Hypogynous or Perigynous or Epigynous

8,Colour of flowers

1,Pedicellate or sessile

Pedicellate

Pedicel-stalk of flower

eg. Mustard

Cont..

Sessile

without pedicel

Eg.Achyranthes

2, Bracteate or Ebracteate

Bracteate

Having bract

(modified leaf in whose

axil flower arise)

Eg. Adathoda

vesica

Cont..

Ebracteate

With out bract

eg. solanum

3,Actinomorphic or Zygomorphic

Actinomorphic

(Regular)

Radialy symetrical

can devide into two

equal halves along

more than one

longitudnal plane

eg. Vinca rosae

Cont..

Zygomorphic

( irregular)

Bilateraly symetrical

one plane of symmetry

Eg. Pisum sativum

4,Uni or bi sexual

Unisexual

Only male or female

Reproductive organ in a

flower

eg. morus

Cont..

Bisexual

Both male & female

Rep.organs in same

eg. Brassica

5,Complete or incomplete

Complete

Present all 4 whorls

Calyx,corolla androecium

gynocieum

eg. Hibiscus

Cont..

Incomplete

Flower lacking

any one four

of whorls

eg. Luffa

6,Hypo, Peri ,Epi Gynous

Hypogynous

Other whorls below

gynoecium ovary

superior

Eg. Solanum

Cont…

Perigynous

sepals,petals,stamens

round gynoecium

ovary half superior

eg. Prunus(apple)

Cont…

Epigynous

all whorls joined to ovary ,

inferior ovary

Eg.Coriandrum

7, Acyclic or Cyclic

Acyclic

flowers with floral

leaves arranged

in spiral

Eg.Ranunculus

Cont..

Cyclic

Parts of flower

arranged in whorls

eg.solanum

8, Colour

Calyx

Outer whorl of flower

(sepals)

Unit - Sepal

Calyx

1, Number of sepals

2, Polysepalous or Gamosepalous

If polysepalous- Nature and form

Cruciform

2,Poly or Gamo sepalous

Polysepalous

Free distinct sepals

eg. mustard

Cont..

Gamosepalous

with united sepals

eg. Pea,hibiscus

3, Aestivation

Aestivation- mode of sepal

arrangrment in flower

bud

a, Valvate

Sepals united not overlap

at edges

eg.solanum

Cont…

Induplicate

Sepals folded

inward

eg. Ipomea

Cont..

Convolute

one sepal over lap

another with one margin

Cont..

Imbricate

sepals overlap

each other one

sepal completely

internal one

completely

external .

Cont..

Quincuncial

arrangement of 5 sepals

two exterior

two interior

4.Caducous or persistant

Caducous

Sepals fall of early

Eg.pepaver

Cont..

Persistant

remain attached

till matuaration

eg . solanum

5.Petaloid

Petaloid sepals

Sepals enlarged like

petals

Eg.mussanda

Corolla

Whorl of petals

1.No. of petals

with colour

2.Poly or Gamo petalous

Polypetalous

With free petals

eg.Brassica, Rose

Polypetalous

A, cruciform

Four free petals arranged

in cross.

Each petals differentiated

In to a curve(Claw)

and limb

Eg.Brassica

Polypetalous

B, Caryophyllaceous

Five free petals

with curve(claw)

limb at right angle to the

claw

Eg.Dianthus

Polypetalous

C, Rosaceous

five or more petals

No distinguish limp &

Calw

Eg. Rose

Gamopetalous

Gamopetalous

United petals

Eg,Ipomea

Gamopetalous

a, Campanulate

Bell shaped fused petals

Eg.Cuscuta

Gamopetalous

B,infundibuliform

Funnel shaped

fused corolla

eg.ipomea

Gamopetalous

c,Hypor crateriform

Fused corolla with

limb - long tube

Gamopetalous

D, Rotate

wheel (disc) shaped

fused corolla

Eg.solanum

Gamopetalous

E, Papilionaceous

Butterfly like, zygomorphic

Corolla – 1 large

standerd,2 lateral wings,

2 inner small keel

Eg.Pisum sativum

Gamopetalous

F, Bilabiate

Two lipped,

zygomorphic

fused corolla

Eg.ocimum, Antirrhinum

Gamopetalous

G, Tubular

tube like fused petals

eg. helianthus

Aestivation

arrangement of

corolla in bud

A, Valvate

Corolla touch

each other at

margins not

overlap

Aestivation

B, valvate induplicate

Valvate –margins

of petal folded inward

Aestivation

c, Twisted

(convolute)

One margin overlap

other

Aestivation

D, imbricate

One petal completely

out side

One completely inside

One margin in for 3

Aestivation

E, Quincuncial

5 petals

2 exterior,

2 interior,1 one margin

exterior other interior

Aestivation

F, vexillary

5 petals

Posterior largest

Two lateral petals

two small anterior

petals(keels)

Spl features

a, SPUR

Sac like projection of

Petal

Eg viola,tropaeolum

Spl feature

B, nectary

nectar secreating

glands in petals

eg.salvia

Spl feature

c, Corona

Appendages in between

Corolla and stamens or on

corolla

Eg. Calotropis

Cont…

d,sepaloid petal

Petals like sepals

Androecium

collective term for

all stamens &

staminoides

Stamen- bear pollen

1, No.of stemens

1-10 or indefinite

With colour of anther

2,Polyandrous or adelphous

Polyandrous

Free stamens

Eg. peppaver

Polyandrous

a, Didynamous

Four stamens in two

pairs one pair shorter

than the other

Eg. ocimum

Polyandrous

b, Tetradynamous

Four long and

two short stamens

eg.brassica

Polyandrous

obdiplostemonous

stamens in two alternating

whorls outer whorl opp

to petals

eg. murraya

Adelphous

Adelphous-

United stamens

A, Monadelphous

united in one

bundle by filaments

Eg.Hibiscus

Adelphous

B, Diadelphous

stamens arranged

in two bundles

eg. pappilonaceae

Adelphous

C, Polyadelphous

Stamens united

in many bundles

eg. Citrus

3,Syngenesious, epipetalous

Gynandrous or synandrous

syngenesious

anther cohering

in a ring

eg.Helianthus

Cont..

Epipetalous

Stamens born on

Corolla (petals)

Eg.ipomea,

convolvulus

Cont..

Gynandrous

stamen adhering

to carpels

(which bear ovules)

eg.calotropis

Cont…

Synandrous

Stamens fuse to

From one

Eg cuccurbita, colacasia

4,Filaments

A, long filament

B,short filament

C,Flat filament

5,Fixation of anthers

a, Basifixed

Anther Fixed to filament

at base

eg.Brassica,pepaver

Cont..

B,Dorsifixed

Filament attached

to dorsal side of anther

eg.Bauhinia

Cont…

c,Versetile

anther can move

in any way

eg. graminae

Cont…

D, Adenate

Fusion of anther

and filaments

eg. Michelia champaka

5,Anthers. Mono or di

Monothecous

Single celled (lobe) anther

eg. hibiscus

Cont…

Dithecous

two celled(lobe)

anther

eg. pepaver

6,Dehisence of anther

a,introse

anther facing inwards

eg.solanum, hibiscus

Cont..

b,Extrose

anther facing out ward

from center of flower

eg. argimome

Cont..

C,Inserted

Stamens shorter

than the corolla tube

Eg.ixora, mussanda

Cont…

D, Exerted

Stamens projecting

beyond petals

eg. Passion flower

Staminode

Staminode

Stamen which do not

Bear fertile pollen

Eg.stellaria

Gynoecium

ovary

ovule

style

stigma

Ovule-minute body in

ovary which after

fertilization-- seed

1,Apo or syn carpous

Apocarpous

Carpels free from each

other

eg.nigella,ranunculus

Cont…

Syncarpous

carpels united

compound ovary

eg. citrus

2,Ovary position

Superior ovary

Ovary above

Calyx corolla .ect

eg.brassica

Cont..

Inferior ovary

Ovary below

calyx corolla ect

Eg. coriandrum

Cont …

semi inferior

Ovary in intermediate

position

Eg. pea

3,Carpels number

with ovule number

bicarpellary

Eg. brassica

Cont…

Tricarpellery

eg.lilliaceae

Cont…

Tetracarpellary

eg. Dathura

Pentacarpellery

Eg melia

Cont…

Poly carpellery

pepaver ,lotous

4 Nature of style

a,short style

B long style

C, Divided style

Cont…

D, Terminal style

style lying in same line with ovary

Eg hibiscus

E, gynobasic style

style arises from depression in center of ovary

Eg. Ocimum,salvia

5,Nature of stigma

A, Simple

B, Capitate

Cont..

C, divided

Stigma divided into

lobes

Cont…

d, Feathery

Eg.gramenae

Cont…

E, Bearded

like beard

COnt..

F, Curved

PLACENTATION

arrangement of

ovules in syncarpous

ovary

A,Parietal

Carpels fused to one

ovules attach at int

Margin of ovary

Eg. Brassica,argimone

Cont…

B, Axile- carpels fuse

together in center of

ovary to from single

central placenta

Eg. Hibiscus

Cont…

C, free central-

Placenta as central up

growth from ovary base

eg Stellaria

Cont…

D, Marginal –

placenta devolope

at junction of two

carpels

Eg, Pea

Cont..

E, basal-

ovules at

base of ovary

ovules solitery filling

the cavity

eg.Compositae

Cont…

F.superficial-

Carpels numerous

placentae devolope all

round

the innerpartition wall

ovary multilocular

Eg.Nymphae

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