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How Adolescents Search the Web with Keyword Interfaces:
A pilot study
Elizabeth Foss*, Allison Druin*, Robin Brewer†, Phillip Lo*, Luis
Sanchez†, Evan Golub† *College of Information Studies †Department of Computer Science
The Study
Qualitative StudyIn-home interviews with adolescentsEleven 16-year-olds, 3 MaleQuestions regarding general computer use and affect Five search tasks, ranging in difficulty and agency
Data Analysis
Examined the Search Task portions of the interviews for 4 aspects:
(Beyer and Holtzblatt, 1998)
Flow
Artifact
Culture
Sequence
Roles
Developing SearcherDomain-Specific SearcherPower SearcherNon-Motivated SearcherDistracted SearcherVisual SearcherRule-Bound Searcher
______________________________
Roles
Developing SearcherDomain-Specific SearcherPower SearcherVisual SearcherDoubting SearcherSocial SearcherNon-Motivated SearcherRule-Bound Searcher
Developing Searcher
• Difficulty when facing multi-step search task
• Limited knowledge and use of search engine tools
• Unplanned, wandering search paths• Focused on search tasks• Perceive themselves as advanced
users
Domain-Specific Searcher
• Expertise in specific content area of interest
• Expertise does not transfer to general searching ability
• Influenced by family
Visual Searcher
• Prefer to look for information using images or video
• Verbally discuss videos and images• Widely influenced by friends, school,
and siblings• Broadly triggered to searching by
personal interests, school, music, events, and conversations
Non-Motivated Searcher
• Minimally engaged during interview, limited verbal response
• Unfocused, distracted search behaviors
• Physically distant from the computer• Shortest possible, most efficient
search paths• Only triggered to search by school
Rule-Bound Searcher
• Searching is dictated by a set of rigid guidelines
• Display trust in their searching patterns• Double-check results• Rate themselves as less skilled at early
ages• Report outside influence when
describing how they learned to search; from school or by watching friends
Power Searcher
• Confident, verbal• Use of search engine tools• Self-report advanced use at a young
age• More influenced by fathers than other
roles• Some report no frustrations with the
computer• Have programming abilities
Differences from younger children:Natural language queriesHigher overall level of expertise
Power Searcher
Doubting Searcher
• Asking clarifying questions• Rate themselves as less skilled• Report social use of the computer as
a favorite activity• All report influence from school and
spend more time searching for school• Heavily female
Social Searcher
• Use of social networking or communication sites
• Instigating conversations with other people on and offline while using the computer
• Broadly triggered to search by images, music, conversations, personal interests, and school
Druin, et al., 2010
Role Connections
Conclusions
• Some search behaviors are more permanent, while others develop later
• Educators, parents and designers can use search roles as guide to promote search literacy– Teach skills of Power Searchers to all – Social searching for adolescents– Use domains as access points to
motivate search
Future Work
• Full study with 15 and 16-year-olds, 80 planned participants.
• How to truly challenge more expert searchers?
• Comparative analysis with data from younger children.
Acknowledgements
Thank you to the participating families!This research was made possible with a Google University Research Grant.
References• Beyer, H., and Holtzblatt, K. Contextual Design: Defining
Customer-Centered Systems. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco CA, USA, (1998).
• Druin, A., Foss, E., Hatley, L., Golub, E., Guha, M.L., Fails, J., and Hutchinson, H. How children search the Internet with keyword interfaces. In Proc. IDC 2009, ACM Press (2009), 89-96.
• Druin, A., Foss, E., Hutchinson, H., Golub, E., and Hatley, L. Children’s roles using keyword search interfaces at home. In Proc. of CHI 2010, ACM Press (2010), 413-422.
• Smith, M., Milic-Frayling, N., Shneiderman, B., Mendes Rodrigues, E., Leskovec, J., Dunne, C., (2010). NodeXL: a free and open network overview, discovery and exploration add-in for Excel 2007/2010, http://nodexl.codeplex.com/ from the Social Media Research Foundation, http://www.smrfoundation.org.
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