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by Sukhjit Sidhu
• Prior Merdeka• Post Independence Architecture
• Malaysian Architectural IdentityModern RevivalismMetaphorMachine FunctionalismModernistic ExpressionismModern Primitive Regionalism
MALAYSIA - MODERN ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY
There’s a growing consensus in the architectural profession that the
special identity of places matters.
Why??
This seems to be based on the perception that globalization is creating an undesirable uniformity in cities around the world.
Is that good or bad??
What is your identity??
The Quest for a Malaysian Architectural
Identity
The problem with architectural identity
Modern dilemma??
Frank lloyd wright –- what is trully american??
Augustus pugin –- what is true christian architecture?? Gothic??
Albert speer –- what showcases aryan superiority??
General architectural
identity
1. a natural identity2. a forced identity3. manufactured identity
1. Natural identitydefined as one which has
what the modernist thinkers refer to as a ‘’spirit of the times’ and what
present post-modernist concerns of a ‘’spirit of the place’
2. forced identitydefined as that which is
produced by clients for the users who have little choice in the matter.
3. manufactured identityWhen politicians and professionals
begin to impose their racial andpolitical preferences
APPROACHES IN DEFINING ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY IN
MALAYSIA
The modern movement in Europe gave birth to ‘’three ‘traditions’ of
modernism.
The first is the pure machine approach to architecture that isstructural in emphasis, skin and
bones in expression and the minimalist
less-is-more dictum of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
The second tradition is by Le Corbusier who argues that
although houses were machines for living in, the whole architectural
product must present an intellectual beauty of platonic forms and brute
regionalist response.
The third tradition is the one by Frank Lloyd Wright who argues for an organic architecture
steeped in the regional climatic and cultural responses complete with a
serious system of ornamentation
The malaysian solution
MACHINE FUNCTIONALISMThis approach carries with it the
tradition of Mies and Corbu in considering the building as nothing
more than a machine that would sieve
the climate through it.
MACHINE FUNCTIONALISMContinuity from the idea of modernism. Late Modernism - Expressing the structure. 1. Functionalism – true to materials, structure,
function of the building2. Machine aesthetic – expressing the beauty of
structure, mechanical features3. build a passive design shelter in response to
the local climate
Example :Menara Mesiniaga, Sabah Foundation etc.
Mesiniaga Tower, Subang Jaya
MACHINE FUNCTIONALISM
Sabah Foundation, Kota Kinabalu
University Petronas, Perak
Guthrie Pavillion, Bukit Jelutong
Primitive regionalismPrimitive regionalism is similar in spirit to
that of the machine regionalist in their quest for a climatically passive design
building. However, the primitive regionalist believes that materials play an
important role not only as something which would weather well but it connects
man to his ancient origins as part of Nature’s children.
PRIMITIVE REGIONALISM
The Datai, Langkawi
Batang Ai Hilton, Sarawak
PRIMITIVE REGIONALISM
Private residence, Selangor Pangkor Laut, Perak
Traditional malay revivalism
One of the earliest responses to the government’s call to project a
national architectural identity was the proliferation of pseudo-traditional
Malay architecture.
REVIVALISM• One of the most popular approach to represent national
architectural identity.• Its easily understood by architect, clients and user.• Continuity from the past architectural heritage• Also known as neo-vernacular or neo-traditional
Revivalism come from the word ‘revive’.• To recreate/resurrect the architrectural ideas of the past.• style and meaning plays very important role.
This approach has been introduced in Malaysia by British Colonial. Neo-Classical, Neo-Gothic, Neo-Tudor and Moghul
Example - Kota Darul Naim, Bank Muamalat, Muzium Terengganu, PWTC,
REVIVALISM
Kota Darul Naim, Kota Bharu Kampung laut mosque, Tumpat
REVIVALISMTerengganu State Museum Mualat bank podium
Traditional house, Terengganu Putra World Trade Centre
metaphorThe use of metaphors are identified with
architects who view buildings not as mere shelters but as a
totem pole riddled with messages
METAPHORIn language & writings – Metaphor as a tools to represent
hidden meaning
• For the architect to communicate and convey a deeper meaning is their creation – to be easily understood by the common user.
• Effort to design the building to look similar / look alike different objects / building.
• Sometimes its like an act of imitation.
Example : National Library, Negeri Sembilan Mosque, Istana Budaya, Tabung Haji, Menara Maybank
METAPHOR
Istana Budaya, National Theatre Tapak Sireh (betel container)
National Library, Kuala Lumpur Tengkolok (malay headress)
MALAYSIA - MODERN ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY - METAPHOR
Sunway Pyramid, Subang Jaya
Putrajaya International Convention Centre
Telekom Tower, Kuala LumpurTelekom’s Building Pucuk Rebung
(Bamboo Shoot)
Modernistic expressionismThe term modernistic implies the machine
approach of building as a climate sieve as in the works of Ken Yeang with a rejection of direct
historical reference in its image. The term expressionism is used
by historians and critics of architecture to describe a certain bent in modernist architects to use abstract metaphors which are almost always
‘structuralised’
MODERNISTIC EXPRESSIONISM• New creativity – progressive. Base on the ideas or
modernism• Expressing the idea of value & meaning into built form • Difference between Machine Functionalism &
Modernistic Expressionism
Similarity / DifferenceMachine Functionalism – Structural efficiencyModernistic Expressionism – Aesthetic and symbolism
Example : Parliament House, Masjid Negara, etc
MODERNISTIC EXPRESSIONISM
Masjid Negara Pusat Bandar Damansara, PJ
MODERNISTIC EXPRESSIONISM
Parliament House Condominium Block, Bangsar
MALAYSIAN IDENTITY: THE
WAY…FORWARD??
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