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Timeline of Events from
1862-1896-All pictures were found from www.google.com/images
1862 1864 1867
Homestead Act
U.S. law providing 160 acres in the west to any citizen who was head of a household and would cultivate land for 5 years.
SandCreek Massacre
Attack on the Cheyenne & Arapaho by Colonel Chivington-killed over 150 Indians. It was a result of Gen. S.R. Curtis’ hatred for Native Americans.
1867
Grange
Organization started by Oliver Kelley to provide a social outlet and educational forum for isolated farm families.
Homesteader
Settlers on the free land provided by the Homestead Act of 1862.
Oliver Kelley
Started the Patrons of Hunsbury organization for farmers (Grange) To provide social outlet and educational forum for isolated members.
1867 1868 1870
George Westinghouse
Invented the rotary steam engine, the car replacer, and reversible frog. He also devised the Westinghouse Farm Engine. He invented a railroad breaking system using compressed air in 1869.
Tammany Hall
NYC’s powerful Democratic political machine headed up by William M. Tweed who led the Tweed Ring in defrauding the city.
Longhorns
Sturdy, short-tempered cattle breeds accustomed to the dry grasslands of southern spain.
1870
Tweed Ring
Group of corrupt politicians led by William Tweed “Boss Tweed” in defrauding the city.
Jacob Riis
He moved NYC from Denmark and became a news reporter. He was shocked at the level of poverty and used his talents to expose the hardships of living in it.
1870 1873 1874
Fredrick Law Olmstead
Landscape architect who helped make plans for Central Park. He also drew landscapes for Washington D.C., St. Louis, and the “Emerald Necklace”.
John D. Rockefeller
Established the Standard Oil company which used trust funds. Some critics called his tactics “Robber Barons”. He gave away 500 million establishing the Rockefeller Foundation.
Andrew Carnegie
Was the model for an American success story. Started a steel business and found how to make better quality products cheaper.
Trust
Illegal Mergers – participants turned stock over to a group of trustees and in turn the company was entitled to dividends on profits earned by trust.
1875 1876
Segregation
Laws that separated
Black and white people in public and private facilities.
Ellis Island
Immigration station in New York Harbor in which immigrants had to pass a physical examination as well as answer specific questions before being admitted into the country.
Melting Pot
A mixture of people of different cultures and races that blended together by abandoning original customs.
Battle of Little-Bighorn
Battle occurring after Sitting Bull’s vision of the American troops that caused the Sioux and Cheyenne to attack and win a battle against Gen. Custer’s troops.
Sitting Bull
Led the Sioux in their victory at the Battle of Little-Bighorn. He later appeared in “Buffalo Bill’s” Wild West show (1885)
Alexander Bell
Invented the telephone which opened a new method of communication throughout the nation.
1876 1877 1878
Telephone
The most dramatic invention next to the light bulb which opened a way for worldwide communication-Invented by Alexander Bell.
Vanderbilt Family
American railroad family who got their fortune from shipping and rail. They are known as the 7th wealthiest family in the world.
Collective Bargaining
The Negotiation between representatives of labor and management to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions.
1879 1880 1881
Dumbbell Tenements
Law requiring every inhabitable room have a window opening to plain air- also met by including air shafts between buildings.
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation laws to separate blacks from whites in public and private facilities.
Thomas Edison
Invented and perfected the first incandescent light bulb and later invented an entire system for electricity.
Settlement Houses
Community centers in slum neighborhoods providing assistance for people in that area.
Bessemer Process
Developed independently by British manufacturer Henry Bessemer and American William Kelley. Involved interjecting air into molten iron to remove impurities.
1881 1883 1884
Booker T. Washington
African American educator who believed racism would end once black people proved economic value in society.
Assimilation
Plan under which Native Americans would give up their way of life and join white culture.
Joseph Pulitzer
Hungarian immigrant who bought the New York World and emphasized sex, sin, and sensation.
Urbanization
The growth of cities mostly in the Northeast and Midwest regions.
Mark Twain
Novelist and humorist who inspired young authors when he declared independence of literature. Wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
1884 1885 1886
Eugene V. Debs
Democrat who was elected into the Indiana General Assembly and was instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union. He was also a very well known socialist.
Political Machine
An organized group the controls the activities of a political party in a city. They also offer services to voters & businesses in exchange for political or financial support.
Graft
The illegal use of political influence for personal gain.
Haymarket Affair
The aftermath of the bombing that took place at Haymarket Sq. Chicago. Began as a peaceful rally in support of an 8 hour work day but after someone threw a dynamite bomb, 7 police died, 7 were sentenced to death, and 1 was sentenced to prison.
Samuel Gompers
Led the Cigar Makers International Union to join other crafts unions. He was president of the American Federation of Labor which focused on collective bargaining.
Ida B. Wells
Was a teacher who became the editor of a local paper in Memphis- Primary theme of paper was racial justice.
1887 1888
Bimetallism
Monetary system in which the government would give citizens either gold or silver in exchange for paper money or checks.
Dawes Act
Act passed by Congress to “Americanize” Native Americans- broke up reservations and gave land to individuals- 160 acres to head of household and 80 acres to individual adults.
Poll Tax
Annual tax having to be paid before qualifying to vote. Blacks and whites were often too poor to pay.
George Eastman
Developed a series of more convenient alternatives to heavy glass plates used in photography and released the first Kodak camera.
Socialism
Economic and political system based on government control of business, property, and equal distribution of health.
Grandfather Clause
Stated that if a man was unable to pay the poll tax, he could still vote if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote before Jan. 1, 1867.
1889 1890
Jane Addams
Very influential member of the settlement house movement. She believed that workers would learn from life itself. She was also an anti-war activist, spokesperson for racial justice and advocate for quality of life issues.
Battle of Wounded Knee
The 7th Calvary rounded up 350 Sioux and took them to a camp at Wounded Knee creek in S.D.. The next day they were ordered to give up weapons when a shot was fired from an unknown side. The soldiers opened fire with a cannon.
Ghost Dance
Paiute Prophet told Sioux to perform this ritual dance so that their way of life would be restored from poverty. As the dance spread alarm did also and military leaders were ordered to arrest Sitting Bull.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or other companies.
Monopoly
Complete control over an industry’s production, wages, and prices.
1892 1893 1894
Populist
Peoples party that gave birth to Populism-demanded reforms to lift debt from farmers and workers in order to give people a greater voice in the government.
Scab
Strike breakers hired by company president Henry Clay Frick to keep the steel plant operating- everyone was going on strike because of low wages.
Angel Island
Immigration station in San Francisco Bay where many Asians entered the country. Stood in contrast to Ellis Island because of its harsh questioning and detainment of immigrants.
Orville & Wilbur Wright
Bicycle manufacturers who experimented in engines. They invented the first successful airplane.
Pullman Strike
Nationwide conflict between American Railway Union and railroads that occurred in the U.S. which shut down much of the nations freight and passenger traffic. Began when 4,000 employees of Pullman Palace Car Co. went on a wildcat strike.
1895 1896
W.E.B. Dubois
1st African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard. He strongly disagreed with Booker T. Washington’s gradual approach to the end of racism.
Patronage
The giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate become elected.
The Gilded Age Ends
Time of enormous growth that attracted millions from Europe. Railroad were a major industry, factories, mining and labor unions gained importance. It interrupted many depressions. Reformers were working hard, and there were issues of Black rights.
William Jennings Bryan
Editor of The Omaha World- delivered impassioned address to the assembled delegates that came to be known as the “Cross of gold speech”.
William Mckinley
Republican candidate winning election with 7 million votes and collapsed populism by buying the hopes of farmers.
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