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Learning Targets• I can define xenophobia.• I can define nativism.• I can list groups that have come to
the U.S.• I can analyze the reaction of
Americans to immigration.• I can list and describe immigration
laws that have been enacted in our history.
Words to Know• Xenophobia: Hatred of foreigners and
immigrants• Nativism: Keeping a society
ethnically homogenous (i.e. not wanting immigrants)
“Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them, and will never adopt our Language or Customs, any more than they can acquire our Complexion.”–Benjamin Franklin, “Observations
Concerning the Increase of Mankind” 1751
• “The Number of purely white People in the World is proportionably [sic] very small”
• “In Europe, the Spaniards, Italians, French, Russians and Swedes, are generally of what we call a swarthy Complexion”
Franklin Quotes on Race
Why did Franklin not want Germans in the colonies?
Did his fears turn out to be true in the long run?
• Nativists disliked Irish because they were Catholic.– Burned Catholic buildings– Viewed Catholics as loyal to the Pope– Saw Catholic youths “the majority of our
criminals”
Irish Immigrants
• Many Chinese worked to build the Transcontinental Railroad.– After, they were seen as a threat to
American way of life.
• Discrimination for decades led to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.– Prevented Chinese immigration– Did not allow legal Chinese residents to
become naturalized citizens
Chinese Immigrants
After the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, focus shifted to…
Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907 limited Japanese
immigration.
Italian Immigrants• Mob in New Orleans lynched
11 Italians who had been acquitted.
• Teddy Roosevelt called the lynching “a rather good thing.”– “sneaking and cowardly
Sicilians, the descendants of bandits and assassins.”
• Lynch mob was never prosecuted.– Leader becomes governor– "just a little worse than the
Negro, being if anything filthier in [their] habits..."
Immigration Act of 1924• Created a quota system to favor
“Anglo-Saxons.”• Based on 2% of ethnic population in
1890.– In other words, people already here in
large numbers in 1890 had an advantage.• English• Germans• Irish
• Also excluded Asians…again.
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