History of Jazz

History of Jazz

Miss Paschall

8th Grade General Music

Blues

Developed in the 1800s Continues today Exists in every time period and style Name a modern blues musician

Ragtime (1890-1917) Composed piano

music written by African Americans

Influenced jazz Most famous

Ragtime composer is Scott Joplin

Maple Leaf Rag

New Orleans

Beginnings of Jazz

Dixieland (1900-1920s) Originated in New Orleans Combination of African and European

styles Large bands with cornet, clarinet,

trombone, banjo, tuba, and drums Tuba used instead of string bass;

sometimes these bands marched

Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)

Nickname was Satchmo Played trumpet Improvised vocally by scat singing Scat-singing is improvised singing with

nonsense words

Louis Armstrong

Louis Armstrong and Joe Oliver

Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

Jeepers Creepers

Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

St. Louis Blues

Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off (with Ella Fitzgerald)

Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

They Can’t Take That Away From Me

(scat singing with Ella Fitzgerald)

Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

Hello Dolly

Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

What a Wonderful World

Boogie-Woogie (1920s-1930s) Occurred during the Great Depression Bands were smaller due to the Great

Depression and the need to save money

Piano was added because it could play more parts than any other instrument

Count Basie Topsy

Swing (1932-1942)

Large dance bands because the Great Depression was over

This happy era ended when the U.S. entered World War II

Important Swing Band Leaders: Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Glenn Miller

Duke Ellington (1899-1974) Played

piano and composed many pieces

Cottontail

Duke Ellington

Take the A Train

Benny Goodman (1909-1986) Played clarinet First popular jazz

band to include both white and black musicians

Don’t Be That Way

Benny Goodman

First jazz group to play swing music at Carnegie Hall

This gave jazz musicians greater respect

Sing Sing Sing

Count Basie (1904-1984)

Talented piano player

Led band while playing piano

Swingin the Blues

Glenn Miller (1904-1944) Played trombone Most popular swing

band at the time Entertained troops

overseas during World War II

In the Mood

Bebop (1940-1950)

Groups were smaller because of World War II

Music was often fast and complex

Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993) Mixed jazz with

African and Cuban rhythms

Was a prankster and once kicked out of a band

Trademark--trumpet with a bent bell

Charlie Parker (1920-1955) Extremely talented

saxophone player Performed complex

solos Died at 34 because

of drug and alcohol problems

Groovin High, Parker (sax), Gillespie(tpt)

Cool Jazz (1949-1955)

Reaction to the Bebop style Much more relaxed and less complex

than Bebop music Songs are slower and longer during this

era of jazz

Miles Davis (1926-1991) Trumpet player His influence helped

the evolution of jazz Was also a boxer

and a painter So What

Decline of Jazz Jazz was “taken out of Harlem and put

in Carnegie Hall and downtown in those joints where you’ve got to be quiet. The black people split and went back to Harlem, back to the rhythm and blues, so they could have a good time.”

-tenor sax player Johnny Griffin

Decline of Jazz “White kids were jamming the rock halls

and the older people were staying home and watching TV. Maybe they found they couldn’t pat their feet to our music anymore.”

-pianist Hampton Hawes

Modern Jazz (1960-present)

Funk/Soul Avante-Garde (free jazz) Straight-ahead (traditional) Latin Jazz Fusion

Funk/Soul Reverted to basic harmonies Used funky rhythms James Brown, Jimi Hendrix, Sly Stone,

Buddy Rich Buddy Rich, Slow Funk

Avante-Garde (free jazz) Less structure John Coltrane

– Short life, but great jazz influence– Played saxophone solos an hour in length– Died from liver cancer at age 40

John Coltrane, Giant Steps

Straight-Ahead (traditional) Uses improvisation Emotional Wynton Marsalis, Sarah Vaughn,

Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra Sarah Vaughn

– They Can’t Take That Away From Me

Straight-Ahead (traditional)

Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra– Take the A Train

Straight-Ahead (traditional)

Wynton Marsalis– Goodbye

Latin African and Latin American rhythms

combined with jazz Carlos Santana, Tito Puente, Chick

Corea Chick Corea, Armando’s Tango;

Wigwam

Jazz Fusion

Mixed jazz with rock Chick Corea Bobby McFerrin Weather Report Blood, Sweat, and Tears

– Spinning Wheel

Bibliography Jazz: Gumbo: Beginnings: 1917. PBS (2000).

Retrieved January 9, 2007, from PowerMediaPlus.com. http://www.powermediaplus.com

Jazz: The Gift: 1917-1924: Part One. PBS (2000). Retrieved January 11, 2007 from PowerMediaPlus.com. http://www.powermediaplus.com

Jazz: The Gift: 1917-1924: Part Two. PBS (2000). Retrieved January 11, 2007 from PowerMediaPlus.com. http://www.powermediaplus.com