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stroma+ parenchyma
capsulesfibrous capsule
adipous capsule
renal fascia
stroma: capsule+interstitium
parenchyma: nephrons and collecting ducts
structural and functional unit
1 million/kidney
organization:renal corpuscle
Bowman s capsule (parietal layer- simple squamous epithelium, viscerallayer- podocytes)
glomerulus (fenestrated arterial capillary, afferent and efferent arteriole)
renal tubuleproximal tubule
loop og Henle (thin and thick limb)
distal tubule
reunient tubule
renal tubules
renalcorpuscleMalpighi
papillary duct
collecting tubules
NEPHRON
UNIT OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
columnarepithel
cuboidaland
columnarepithel
simplecuboidal
reunient tubule
pars convolutasimple
cuboidal
pars rectadistaltubule
simplesquamous
intermedial tubule
ansanephroni/ Henle s
loop
pars recta
simplecuboidal
epitheliumwith
microvilli
pars convolutaproximaltubule
podocyte, simple
squamousepithelium
capsula glomeruli / Bowman s capsule: visceral layer + parietal layer
endothelglomerulus / rete mirabile
EPITHEL
RENAL CORPUSCLERENAL CORPUSCLEMalpighiMalpighi
etetApparatusApparatus
juxtaglomerularisjuxtaglomerularis
macula densa
distal tubule
afferent arteriole
proximal tubule
GLOMERULUSpodocyte
Bowman s capsule: parietallayer
Bowman s space
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
transmitting signs ( from macula densa, adrenerg nerve ends),
catabolism of AT-II. (angiotensinase-II.)
Na+ - osmoreceptor,NOS NO vasodilation
renin secretion AT-II. RR
(stimulus for secretion: RR , Na+ , 1-rec. adrenerg stimulation),
NOS NO vasodilation
FUNCTION: 1. autoregulation of kidney
circulation2. regulation of blood pressure
vascular pole3. Extraglomerular
mesangial cells
pars convolutatubuli dist. lying tothe vascular pole
2. Macula densa(distal tubule, modified, dens
cells with microvilli)
tunica media of theafferent arteriole
1. Juxtaglomerularcells
(granular myoepithel cells)
LocalisationComponents
AT-II. = angiotenzin-II., RR = blood pressure, NOS = nitrogen-monoxide synthase, NO = nitrogen-monoxide
ProximalProximal vsvs. . DistalDistal TubuleTubule
noYESkefeszegélymicrovilli
fewnoIntercalar cells
yesyespresence of basalstriation
low,mild acidophilia
high, acidophilia
size of the cuboidcell, staining
more cell,Wide, round lumen
few cell, narrow lumen
characteristics
distaltubule
proximaltubule
ProximalProximal tubuletubule vsvs. . DistalDistal tubuletubule
DistalDistal tubuletubule vsvs. . CollectingCollecting tubuletubule
YESnoPresence of vasa
recta
1 belongs to more nephrons
1 belongs to onenephron
Reunienttubule
long,deep to the renal papillashort
Henle s loop
20%80%Occurence
Corpusculum renalejuxtamedullarelong loop nephron
Corpusculum renalecorticale
short loop nephron
tunica mucosaepithelium mucosae: urothelium/transitional epitheliumlamina propria mucosae: thick, loose connective tissue + bloodvessels and nerves elongated folds cross section: star-shaped lumen
tunica muscularisinner elongatedouter spiral smooth muscle
tunica adventitia (connective tissue, blood and lymphvessels, nerves)
lumen (star shaped)
Stratum circulare
Tunicaadventitia
Stratumlongitudinale
Lamina propriamucosae
Urothelium
Tunicamuscularis
epithelium mucosae = urothelium
lamina propria
mucosae
tunica mucosalamina epithelialis mucosae: urotheliumlamina propria: thinlamina muscularis mucosae
tunica submucosa: connective tissue + elastic fibers + nerves + blood and lymph vesselstunica muscularis
inner longitudinalmiddle cirular m. sphincter vesicaeouter longitudinal m. detrusor urinae
+ vegetative plexus with ganglion cells+ blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
tunica subserosa et tunica serosatunica adventitia
lumen
urothelium
Tunicamuscularis
lamina propria mucosae
Tunica submucosa
lamina muscularismucosae
lamina epithelialismucosae = urothelium
superficialcells
lamina propria mucosae
superficialcellspolygonal cells
columnar basalcells
lamina propria mucosae
lamina propria mucosae
urothelium
superficialcells
polygonalcells
columnarbasalcells
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