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BSNL
GSM & 3G
AnINDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION
ON
B.tech 4th year
Electronics & Communication
Roll No. 1102731906
Himanshu Garg
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BSNL INTRODUCTION
BSNL is India's oldest and largest Communication Service Provider (CSP).Currently BSNL has a customer base of 64.8 million (Basic &
Mobile telephony). It has footprints throughout India.
The foundation of Telecom Network in India was laid by the British in 19th
century.
The Government of India corporatized the operations wing of DoT onOctober 01 , 2000 and named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).
BSNL commanded a customer base of 33.7 million Wireline, 3.6 million
CDMA-WLL and 27.5 million GSM Mobile subscribers. BSNL's
earnings for the Financial Year ending March 31 , 2010 stood at INR
401.8b (US$ 9.09 b) with net profit of INR 89.4b (US$ 2.02 billion).
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BSNL
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BSNL Communication - Mobile
TelephoneExchange
Subscriber
Line(2W)
Inter-Exchange
Junction
Mobile SwitchingCentre (MSC)
BSC BTSMS
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CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS
WHAT IS A CELL ?
A base station (transmitter) having a number of
RF channels is called a cell
Each cell covers a a limited number of mobile
subscribers within the cell boundaries
( Coverage area)
Typical Cell Radius Aprrox = 30 Km(Start up), 1 KM (Mature)
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BSNL
VoiceChannels
Orcontrol
channels
Lines to
BSC
MS
A RADIO CELL
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BSNL Fundamental problems
Radio range, or coverage
No. of channels, or voice circuits
Full, seamless service coverage
Large no. of subscribers in the range
of millions
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FERQUENCY SCARCITY PROBLEM
Tel
Ex.
WIRED NETWORK
100,000 50 Khz = 5 Ghz (NOT POSSIBLE)
Hence Individual RF Loop is not extended
But a Common group of channels is shared
CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS
BW for Telephony speech:
3KHz increases to 25 KHz with FM for Radio Trans.
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GSM FDMA
(Frequency Division Multiple Access
25 MHz 25 MHz
Mobile to Base
0 1 2
890.2 890.4 890.6(MHz)
Base to Mobile
0 1 2
935.2 935.4 935.6
200 kHz45MHz
Channel layout and frequency bands of operation
890 935 960915
200 kHz
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GSM TDMA
(Time Division Multiple Access)
87
65
43
21
87
65
43
21
45 MHz
Frequency
F2F1
(Cell transmit)
F2F1(Cell Rx)
Amplitude
Typical TDMA/ FDMA frame structure
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BSNL FDMA/TDMA Scheme
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
BP5
BP6
BP7
BP8
BP1
BP2
TIME
890.0890.2
890.4890.6
890.8891.0
891.2 915.8
FREQ
MHz
BURSTF
R
A
M
E
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BSNL Network Architecture
B
TS
MSC VLR
HLR
PSTNISDN
Data
Networks
Air interface
OSS
B
T
S
B
T
S
MSC VLR
BSCBSC
1 MSC=16 BSC
1 BSC=1024 TRU
A Interface
A-bis interface
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13
GSM Network Structure
GSM Service Area:Total area served by thecombination of all member countries where a mobile canbe served.
PLMN Service Area: It is one N/W area.
MSC Service Area:There can many MSC/VLR in onePLMN area.It is one Mobile Exch. Area.
GMSC:All I/C calls for PLMN N/W will be routedthrough GMSC. In a GSM/PLMN N/W all mobileterminated calls will be routed to a Gateway MSC. Callconnections between PLMNs , or to fixed N/Ws must berouted to a GMSC.The GMSC contains the Inter workingfunctions to make these connections.
Location Area
Cells
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BSNL
LOCATION AREA : There are several LA in a MSC/VLRcombination. A LA is a part of the MSC/VLR service area in
which a MS may move freely without updating location
information to the MSC/VLR exchange that control the LA.
Within a LA a paging message is broadcast in order to findthe called mobile subs. LA can be identified by system using
the LAI.
CELL : A cell is an identity served by one BTS. The MS
distinguishes between cells using the BASE STATIONIDENTIFICATION CODE(BSIC) that the cell site broadcast
over the air.
GSM Network Structure
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MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
II
I
IIIIV
GSM
PLMN Service Area
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BSNL
MSC/VLR
LA 1 LA 2
LA 6
LA 3
LA 4
LA 5
C1
C5C4
C7
C2
C3
C6
GSM
Cells
C = Cell
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BSNL
GSM
Relation between areas in GSM
Location AreaCell
Area served by a BTS
Location Area
MSC Service AreaPLMN Service Area
GSM Service Area
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GSM
Functions of Mobile Station
Voice and data transmission
Frequency and time synchronization
Monitoring of power and signal quality ofthe surrounding cells
Provision of location updates even during
inactive state
Equalization of multi path distortions
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BSNL GSM IMSI
International mobile subscribersIdentity
The IMSI is an unique identity which isused internationally and used within thenetwork to identify the mobile subscribers.
The IMSI is stored on the subscriberidentity module (SIM), the HLR, VLR andAC database.
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BSNL
RSS
n BTS n BTS
BSC
BSC
BSC
MSC/VLR
RADIO SUB SYSTEM (RSS)
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GSM
FUNCTION OF BTS -I
Encodes, encrypts, multiplexes, modulates and
feeds the RF signals to the antenna
Transcoding and rate adaption Functionality
Time and frequency synchronisation signals
transmission.
11 power classes from .01 watts to 320 watts
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BSNL
GSM
FUNCTION OF BTS -II
Frequency hopping
Random access detection
Uplink radio channel measurements
BTS mainly consists of a set of transceivers
(TRX).
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BSNL
GSM
FUNCTIONS OF BSC-I
It is connected to BTS and offloads MSC
Radio resource management
Inter-cell handover
Reallocation of frequencies
Power control
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BSNL
GSM
FUNCTIONS OF BSC-II
Time delay measurement of the received signals
from MS with respect to BTS clock.
Performs traffic concentration to reduce the
number of lines from BSC to MSC.
GS
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GSM
MSC-BSS Configurations
BTSBTS
BTS
A-bis
BSC
BSS
Configuration -6 Multi - cell site =multi--BTS site
Many single
cell sites
BSS
MSC
BTS
A
A
A
Single - cell site
Configuration -1
Multi - cell site (sector Cells
Configuration -5
MCC: Mobile Switching Centre
BSS: Base Station System
BSC: Base Station Controller
BTS: Base Transceiver Station
A-bis
BTS BTS
BTS
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GSMMSC ( MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE)
Manages communication between GSM & other
network
Call setup functions, basic switching are doneMSC takes into account the RR allocation in
addition to normal exchange functions
MSC does gateway function while its customersroams to other network by using HLR /VLR
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31
GSM
MSC Functions - II
Echo canceller operation control
Signaling interface to databases like HLR,
VLR. Gateway to SMS between SMS centers and
subscribers
Handle interworking function whileworking as GMSC
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BSNL
32
GSM
VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER (VLR)-I
It controls those mobiles roaming in its area.
VLR reduces the number of queries to HLR
One VLR may be incharge of one or more LA.
VLR is updated by HLR on entry of MS its area.
VLR assigns TMSI which keeps on changing.
IMSI detach and attach operation
GSM
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33
GSM
Data in VLR
IMSI & TMSI
MSISDN
MSRN.Location Area
Supplementary service parameters
MS category
Authentication Key
GSM
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34
GSM
Home Location Register(HLR)-I
Reference store for subscribers parameters,numbers, authentication & Encryption values.
Current subscriber status and associated VLR.
Both VLR and HLR can be implemented inthe same equipment in an MSC.
one PLMN may contain one or several HLR.
GSM
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35
GSM
Home Location Register(HLR)-II
Data stored is changed only by man-machine.
IMSI, MS-ISDN number.
Category of MS ( whether pay phone or not )
Roaming restriction ( allowed or not ).
Supplementary services like call forwarding
Permanent data in HLR
GSM
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36
Temporary data in HLRThe data changes from call to call & is
dynamicMSRN
RAND /SRES and Kc
VLR address, MSC address.
Messages waiting data used for SMS
GSM
Home Location Register(HLR)-II
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BSNL
BackboneNetwork
Corporate
Network
ISP
Network
G
b
Gs
G
d
Gr
Gi
G
nG
n
EDGETRUMS
BTS BSC MSC/VLR
SMS-G/IW MSC
AUCHLRMS
SGSN GGSN
P
C
U
U
T
R
A
N
BTS
BTS
BTS
R
NC
R
N
C
MS
UMTS
Iu
Network Evolution
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BSNL
BackboneNetwork
Corporate
Network
ISP
Network
G
b
Gs
G
d
Gr
Gi
G
nG
n
EDGETRUMS
BTS BSC MSC/VLR
SMS-G/IW MSC
AUCHLRMS
SGSN GGSN
P
C
U
Network Evolution
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BSNL
BackboneNetwork
Corporate
Network
ISP
Network
G
b
Gs
G
d
Gr
Gi
G
nG
n
EDGETRUMS
BTS BSC MSC/VLR
SMS-G/IW MSC
AUCHLRMS
SGSN GGSN
P
C
U
U
T
R
A
N
BTS
BTS
BTS
R
NC
R
N
C
MS
UMTS
Iu
Network Evolution
GPRS A hi
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BSNL
GPRS Architecture
EIR
SGSN HLR
AUC
GGSN
ISDN / PSTN / PLMN
Network
IP-Backbone
Network
External
IP Network
External
X.25 Network
GMSC
MSC/VLR
A
Gb
Gs
Gn
Gf
Gr
Gi
Gi
Gn
BTS
BSC
Abis
BSS
Um
TE
MT
MS
A GSM Interface
Abis GSM Interface (Proprietary of M/s Ericsson)
AUC Authentication Center
BSC Base Station Center
BSS Base Station System
BTS Base Transceiver Station
EIR Equipment Identity RegisterGGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
GMSC Gateway Mobile services Switching Center
Gx GPRS Interfaces
HLR Home Location Register
MS Mobile Station
MSC Mobile services Switching Center
MT Mobile Terminal
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
TE Terminal Equipment
Um Air Interface
VLR Visitor Location Register
GPRS Network ElementsGSM Network Elements Traffic & Signaling Signaling
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BSNL GPRS COMPONENTS
To ensure the interworking of the PLMN, PDN
and the wireless networks, two new major
components are required.
These components are called GPRS SupportNodes.
There are two types of GPRS Support Nodes
1. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)2. Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
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BSNL Gateway GPRS Support Node(GGSN)
GGSNs are used as interfaces to external PDNs.
GGSNs maintain routing information that is
necessary to tunnel the Protocol Data Units(PDUs) to the SGSNs that service particular
mobile stations.
Other functions include network and subscriber
screening and address mapping. One or moreGGSNs may support multiple SGSNs.
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BSNL Advantages of GPRS
Increased revenues by moving in to the mobile
data market
Gain new subscribers requiring the data services
without investing in to PCs to gain internet access
Retain current subscribers by offering new
services
Reduce costs due to efficient use of networkresources
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OrientationTraining Workshop
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3G Introduction
3G Services
Expected customer
3G queries
Summary
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3G was launched in abig way in 2002-03
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But subscribers rejected
3G initially
(There was Less than 2 % penetration in first 2 years)
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3G Commercial Networks
3G Network Launch Commitments
There are more than 185 commercial networks in more
than 80 countries
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BSNL
BSNL has launched 3G services in selected cities and has aclear 6 month to 1 year lead over the nearest rival.
BSNL needs to ensure that the 3G launch is a success.
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BSNL
[ What does 3G bring to the table..?]
Increased voice
capacity.
Increased data
speeds.Enhanced experience on
existing services
New exciting services
Increased ARPU from
subscribers.
New revenue streams.
Increased Capacity
End user services
Revenue potential
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High quality voice Mobile Broadband
Video services Video
Call/streaming videos/
Video clips
Enhanced ContentservicesMusic/
tones/pictures
Business solutions E-
Mail/enterprise services
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BSNL
Mobile TV allows the user to view TV channels
on the mobile
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Full movie /music download
Live news & sport updates
Interactive games
Video streaming
Wallpapers and
Tone downloads
The content services include the
following:
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Users can download full track music and videos on their
mobile any time , any where
http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.visitmedford.org/images/music-symbols.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.visitmedford.org/aug-08.htm&usg=__q0mCv37_e9hVxNv0VrMzMIPaMY0=&h=270&w=215&sz=38&hl=en&start=33&tbnid=JFE2fa2PTgLwoM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmusic%2Bsymbols%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D207/27/2019 Himanshu Bsnl New Final
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This has happened:
This is happening now:
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Access devices like a portable
laptop or a mobile handset are
typically used.
Mobile Broadband signifies
High speed
Wireless access
3G gives the user the flexibility
to access high speed internet any
time anywhere.
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BSNL
Video Call
With the deployment of
3G,Video call service willput BSNL on clear cut
advantageous position
with respect to its
competitors
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BSNL
Video Call
A girl in a city looking and talking to hergrandmother ,living in a rural area, through 3G Phone
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Video Mail
In addition to voice mail
available on 2Gplatform, with 3G we
can deploy video mail
service also
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Video Conferencing
With 3G Technology we can have video conferencing
facility through our mobile phones
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BSNL
music sport
game news chat
ring tone
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Like new technologyHeavy user of telecom
services
for socializing
Emphasis on design brand
Target Services
Interactive Game
Video calls Music Downloads
See Me TV, Mobile TV
Mobile Blogging
Youth
Demographic Profile
Age15-24 years
Mix of college- going and workingBelonging to medium to High
income groupAttitude to Technology
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Needed for productivity
improvement
Fashion and status
improvement
Emphasis on design brand and
Target Services
Mobile Banking / Mobile Trading
Video calls / Video surveillance Video on Demand / Mobile TV
Location based services/
High Speed internet
Professional
Demographic Profile
Age25-54 years
Graduate & Post Graduate
Salaried & self employed
people
with medium to higher salaryAttitude to Technology
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Slow to adoption to new
technology
Target Services
Bill Payment Location based
services
Adult
Demographic Profile
Age25-54 years
Graduate & Post GraduateBlue collared workers
Low to medium salary
Attitude to Technology
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Often scared to new technology
Feels stressed out and less in
control while using the
technology
Target Services
Bill Payment music download
Video call
Seniors
Demographic Profile
Age 54 years and above
Retired and home makersLow to medium salary
Attitude to Technology
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Mobile Sports Clips
Early-to-market with mobile
video, rapid download.
Content that appeals to many and
that are willing to pay.
Content that is updated regularlyand has current value.
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3G services are inherently complex in nature.
So subscribers are bound to have lot of queries
on 3G services. Role of customer care is crucial
for the success of 3G services
Service adoption will ultimately be driven by
the level of preparedness and drive of the
customer interacting team
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What is 3G how is
it different from
Existing mobile
Services?
Why do I needto get it?
What is video call and howdifferent is it from a call that
I make today?
Which phones are
compatible with 3G?
I already have 2 phone
numbers. I dont want
another one.
How will 3G make
life simpler for
me?
What's the difference between
video downloads & video streaming?
How do I use my 3G
connection in areas with no 3G
coverage?
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What is 3G? How is it different from
existing mobile services?
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Existing 2G GSM service of present operators has
limitations in terms of speed of data access. As a resulttheir network is not suitable for applications which
require high speed data access like video calling and
video downloads
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It is a latest technology offered by BSNL. It offers Highquality voice, Mobile, Broadband, Business solutions E-
Mail/enterprise services , Picture and video upload
services Video services Video Call / streaming
videos/Video clips & Enhanced Content services
Music/tones/pictures
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What are
3G Services?
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High quality
voice
Enhanced Content
servicesMusic/
tones/pictures
Business solutions
E-Mail/enter rise services
Picture and
video
Video services
Video
Call/streaming
videos/Video clips
Mobile
Broadband
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BSNL
What is video calling ?How different it is from the call
I make today ?
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A video call will enable you to see the other
person on your 3G phone screen while talking to
him and vice versa . The key requirement here isthat both the calling and called party need to have
a video call enabled 3G handset and should have
subscribed to 3G services
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Which phones are compatible
with 3G? What are the other 3Gproducts which are available in
the market ?
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What kind of
Customers are more
likely to use 3G ?
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3G enabled phones will cost upwards of INR 7,500*
The price levels of 3G devices imply that 3G
services will be mostly used by high ARPU / high end
customers retail customers and also corporatecustomers
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BSNL have launched its services all
over India. BSNL has made
3G services commercially available
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So finally India becomes a true 3Gcountry today.BSNL has chalked out
its plans where it will make the 3G
network available across 700 cities inIndia.
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