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Page 1CONFIDENTIAL
○Takashi Murata, Tomoki Yanase, Shinkichi Miwa, Masahiko Ohji and Hiroki Yamazaki
Nippon Electric Glass co., Ltd.
High refractive index glass for OLED lighting
Page 2CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Worldwide energy consumption
Worldwide energy consumption shows an upward tendency
Asia, Europe and North America consume over 85% of the total
エネルギー・経済統計要欄
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
Tota
l pr
odu
cti
oon o
f ele
ctr
icity
[TW
h]
25000TWh
35%
25%
24%
2%3%4%
7%
Asia
Europe
North America
Central and SouthAmerica
Middle East
Africa
Oceania
Page 3CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Energy consumption of “lighting”
- “Lighting “ consumes 20% of world wide energy consumption
- Improving the efficiency of lighting device will save world wide
energy consumption
LED及び有機EL照明の現状と中長期的な市場展望
Lighting
Others
~3500TWh
~17000TWh
Lighting
Others
~3500TWh
~17000TWh
2009
Page 4CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Efficiency of lighting device
LED and OLED are candidates for the next generation lighting device.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2015 2020
kUnit
OLED k Unit
LED k Unit
Other lamp k Unit
Special Appli 光源/証明市場 実態・技術・予測2011年番 (上巻 市場動向編)
OLED
LED
Fluorescent lamp
Metal halide
Incandescent
Page 5CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
LED lighting market
LED has been successfully penetrate into commerce facility and
street lamps, but the penetration ratio for home is still low.
10%30%
11%
4%4%
6% 0%
35%
HouseOfficecommerce facilityPlant / Establishment
Other in doorStreet lampOther out doorOther
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
House
Offic
e
com
merc
e fac
ility
Pla
nt
/
Est
ablis
hm
ent
Oth
er
in d
oor
Str
eet
lam
p
Oth
er
out
door
LED
pen
etra
tion(
201
0)
[%] House
Officecommerce facilityPlant / EstablishmentOther in doorStreet lampOther out door
矢野レポート No.1334 矢野経済研究所
Lighting market in Japan 2010
(application / million ¥ ) LED penetration in Japan (2010)
Page 6CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
23
77
OLED Panel Assembly / Driver / Mecanical
Challenges for LED
LED requires higher cost for making into luminaire
4258
LED packageAssembly / Driver / Mechanical / Thermal / Optical
EM data service
Page 7CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
0
50
100
150
200
250
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
lm/W
LED Package efficiencyLED luminaire efficiencyOLED panel efficiency by DOE projectOLED luminaire efficiency by DOE project
Challenges for LED
LED lose 30% of Efficiency for making into luminaireLED package
LED Luminaire
OLED luminaire
OLED package
EM data service
-30%
-10%
fluorescent lamp
Page 8CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Challenges for LED and opportunity for OLED
LED challenges
-Higher cost for making into luminaire(Fixture,diffuser.Flame,heat sync…)
-Area lighting Thicker structure
-Efficiency loss Fixture absorption, driver,
OLED opportunities
-Almost luminaire
-Area lighting
LED’s challenges would be an opportunity for OLED.
Key points for OLED are Efficiency, large size area lighting, thin and
flexible.
OLED Challenges
-Thin / Flexible / Size
-Efficiency
Page 9CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Objective
To suggest the glass product to satisfy the requirement
*for OLED lighting
*Improving efficiency / large area / thin / Flexible / low cost
Page 10CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Lowering factor of efficiency in OLED lighting
Only 20% of light from OLED layer can be extracted due to mismatch
of refractive index
Key issue is mismatch of refractive index between each interface
External Mismatch
Internal Mismatch
OLED nd:1.8
ITO nd:1.8
Cover glass nd:1.5
Counter electrode
air nd:1.0
Page 11CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Approach to reduce refractive index mismatch
Light extraction geometry and index matched glass would be
promising for thin and large area uniform lighting.
External Mismatch Internal Mismatch
-Light extraction geometry
Rough surface (Sandblasted)
lens sheet
-Scattering layer
-Index matched (1.8-2.0) glass
OLED nd:1.8
ITO nd:1.8
Cover glass nd:1.8
Counter electrode
Page 12CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Issue of conventional high refractive index glass (1)
Chemical durability would be deteriorated
Forming process would be limited due to the devitrification
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
Refractive index
SiO
2 [
wt%
]
Index
matched
rangeLower contents of SiO2 leads to
Unstableness as glass forming process and
lower chemical durablity
Page 13CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Issue of conventional high refractive index glass (2)
It is hard to obtain thin, large and smooth surface with high
productivity
Ingot casting Slicing Grinding Polishing
Typical process of conventional high refractive index glass
Page 14CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
What is ideal process?
O/F down draw process is the ideal process for making thin, large
size glass with smooth surface
Over flow down
draw methodSmooth surface
Thin / Flexible Large
High productivity
Page 15. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Feature of O/F down draw process
-Surface roughness of glass is quite small.
-The smooth surface will reduce defect of OLED device
-Smooth surface
Ra: 0.1~0.2nm Ra: 0.8nmO/F down draw Polished surface
Page 16CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
2005 3.0m*2.5m 700um 2009 100um thin glass roll (400m)
Feature of O/F down draw process
-Thin and large size glass sheet can be obtained
-Thickness and size
Large Thin (flexible)
Page 17. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Movie
Badly damaged
Movie
Few damaged
Sample 100um,15mm x 200mm
-Flexibility
Fine finish of the edge is crucial for obtaining the flexibility.
Thinner glass show exceptional flexibility.
Feature of O/F down draw process
Page 18. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
FPD展
-Flexibility
R2R process can be applied to making OLED device in future
70um Glass roll (W:800mm、L:4m)
Feature of O/F down draw process
Page 19. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
What is ideal process?
O/F down draw process is the ideal process for making thin, large
size glass with smooth surface
Over flow down
draw methodSmooth surface
Thin / Flexible Large
High productivity
OK
OK
OKOK
OK
Page 20. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Issues of the glass for O/F down draw process
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
Year
Re
fra
ctiv
e i
nd
ex
[-]
For LCD
For Cover glass
Conventional glass for O/F process has been designed for LCD and
cover glass. Refractive index of both of the glass is low (1.52)
Page 21CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
The world first high refractive index glass for O/F process
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
Year
Re
fra
ctiv
e i
nd
ex
[-]
For LCDFor Cover glassFor OLED
The world first
highest refractive
index glass (Alkaline
free) for O/F down
draw process
1.64
High refractive index glass (1.64), can be produced by O/F down draw
method has been newly developed.
Page 22CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Efficiency of OLED device
Device structure Glass /IZO,100/ND1501,40/NPD,50/Ir(ppy)3+CBP[6%],30/BAlq,10/Alq,30/LiF,0.8/Al,150
Page 23CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Emission of OLED device
Uniform emission has been obtained.
nd:1.52 nd :1.64
Page 24CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Efficiency of OLED device
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
4 6 8 10 12 14
Voltage / V
Eff
icie
ncy
/
lm/W
1.64glass with film
1.52 glass with film
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0
Current density / mA/cm2
Eff
icie
ncy
/
lm/W
1.64glass with
film1.52 glass with
OLED device with high refractive index glass shows higher efficiency
10% higher
Device structure Glass /IZO,100/ND1501,40/NPD,50/Ir(ppy)3+CBP[6%],30/BAlq,10/Alq,30/LiF,0.8/Al,150
Page 25CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Impact for worldwide energy consumption
25 TWh of world wide energy consumption will be saved just using
the 1.64 glass as substitution of conventional commercially available
1.52 glass sheet
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Year
Tota
l pro
duct
ioon
of
ele
ctr
icity [
TW
h]
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2015 2020
kUni
t
OLED k Unit
LED k Unit
Other lamp k Unit
25000TWhOLED share 5%
*Rough expectation of saved energy
25000TWh : World wide energy consumption
5000TWh : energy consumption of lighting
250TWh : energy consumption of OLED lighting
25TWh : Saved energy consumption by using new glass
Page 26CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Life time of OLED device
Life time of OLED device T=T0(I0/I)1.6=20000(1/0.9)1.6=23672h
T0: life time
I0: Driving current (of lower refractive index glass)
I: Driving current of higher refractive index glass
⇒ OLED life time 5.5year (using 1.52glass)
⇒ 6.5 year (using new glass)
⇒ 162TWh of energy will be saved
※Usage time for the device : 3650h / year (10h / day)
Life time of OLED will be longer.
162TWh of energy consumption will be saved in total.
Page 27CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Summary
World first high refractive index glass can be produced by O/F down
draw has been newly developed.
The glass realize…
-Improvement of the efficiency and life time of OLED lighting device
(Huge impact for the world wide energy consumption in the future)
-Thin, flexible, large area OLED device
(Creating the New lighting application)
Page 28. CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2013 Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Page 29
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