High Performance Buildings - Lessons Learned, June 2012

Bronwyn Barry ACI California 2012

High Performance Details Lessons Learned

Bronwyn Barry, Assoc. AIA, CPHC One Sky Homes & Passive House BB Consulting PHCA Co-President 2012

•  Wall assembly challenges •  Window choices •  Foundations simplified

Envelope Results kBTU/ft2.yr heating energy Preliminary Aug 3, 2009 Max. allowed = 4.75 kBTU/ft2.yr

SIP wall system** Prefab Stud wall Site built

5.5" 7.25" 5.5" 5.5" w/ rigid

insul. 7.25" 7.25" w/

rigid insul. 9.5" TJI studs

Window Est. Cost ($K) 49 52 47 53 49 55 79

Sierra Pacific* 4.52 4.01 5.11 4.58 4.54 4.19 3.91 37 86 89 84 90 86 92 116

**assuming $4k for interior furring using Recoup 200DX HRV w/ 3' OA duct runs 4" EPS under slab 11-7/8" TJI roof 4" EPS slab edge

Challenging walls

Source: Performance analysis from Dan Johnson, Arkin Tilt Architects and cost estimates from Quantum Builders

Conflicting details

Beware of architectural and structural details not agreeing!

Floor to floor assembly with open web hanging floor truss

Complicated junctions

(With solutions)

Floor to floor assembly with open web hanging floor truss,

With 2” of spray foam

Source: Cost Benefit Analysis by Bronwyn Barry, CPHC, for Quantum Builders, 2009

Marin Remodel Window Cost Benefit Analysis Brand Existing US- Av. Euro Av. PH Certified US -good US-best Canadian

R-value W#5 0.99 2.69 5.73 8.68 6.09 8.64 5.9 Heat Dem # (kBTU/ft2yr) 13.7 7.63 6.97 5.71 6.05 8.01 6.75

Price / $29,400.00 $45,344.50 $50,830.00 $35,507.42 $92,297.79 $39,852.10

Heat Dem delta 0 6.07 6.73 7.99 7.65 5.69 6.95 $ Saving/a** 0 1,736.02 1,924.78 2,285.14 2,187.90 1,627.34 1,987.70

30yr $saving 0 182.10 57,743.40 68,554.20 65,637.00 48,820.20 59,631.00 40yr $saving 0 69,440.80 76,991.20 91,405.60 87,516.00 65,093.60 79,508.00 yrs to paybk 0 16.94 23.56 22.24 16.23 56.72 20.05

30 yr CO2 savings (lbs) *** 0 20.03 22.21 26.37 25.25 18.78 22.94 (Highest/Best rating shown in orange field.)

* The above revised Sorpetaler cost & rating # reflects the following changes:

New TF Design window profile (rated at R8 value.) with triple glazing

Double glazed wood Accordian-Sliding door at Dining Room

Bug screen for 10 side window units only (no doors.)

** Assuming $0.13 per kBTU/ft2yr (1 Therm = 100,000 BTUs = $1.30 @ 2,200sf =$286.00)

*** 11 lbs of CO2 saved for each Therm saved

Window choices

5/6 -‐ 00:00 5/7 -‐ 00:00 5/8 -‐ 00:00 5/9 -‐ 00:00 5/10 -‐ 00:00 5/11 -‐ 00:00 5/12 -‐ 00:00 5/13 -‐ 00:00 5/14 -‐ 00:00 5/15 -‐ 00:00

rature (°F)

Triple Pane (Bathroom) vs Dual Pane (Laundry) Window Comfort Comparison

Outdoor Temp Temp, air, Bathroom, 3-‐pane Temp, air, Laundry, 2-‐paneTemp, Globe, Bathroom, 3-‐pane Temp, Globe, Laundry, 2-‐pane, Temp, Int. Surface, Bathroom, 3-‐paneTemp, Int. Surface, Laundry, 2-‐pane

2-pane vs 3-pane comfort

Source: Monitoring data from Building America (DOE), PG&E and Davis Energy at Cottle Residence, San Jose by One Sky Homes

Select good spacers (at the correct width)

Image Source: Greenbuildingadvisor post by Alex Wilson credited to: www.windownation.com

Source: Analysis of Heat Loss Reduction through window edges by E. isevieius, V. Staponkus, & A. Jurelionis; Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania. 2005

Image: Lorna Fear IR images

Imported and local 3-pane

Data Source: Dariush Arasteh– LBNL, private email, 2009.

Map Source: http://resourcecenter.pnl.gov/cocoon/morf/ResourceCenter/dbimages/full/973.jpg

Approx. US

Climate Zone

Min. Outdoor Temp (C)

Min. Outdoor Temp (F)

max. UW (W/m2-C)

max. UW (BTU/

hr.ft2.°F)

max. RW (hr.ft2.°F/

Zone 2 10 50 2.1 0.37 2.70

Zone 3 0 32 1.05 0.18 5.56

Zone 4 -5 23 0.84 0.14 7.14

Zone 5 -10 14 0.7 0.12 8.33

Zone 6 -15 5 0.6 0.1 10.00

Zone 7 -20 -4 0.53 0.09 11.11

The case for triple pane

Don’t assume perfect translation

cold regions: quadruple or vacuum hot regions: solar control first moderate: triple or sometimes double

Map Source: Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, Germany

National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)

•  U.S. based

•  No minimum standards

•  Simulation and product test

Passive House Institute:

•  German based

•  Set performance standards

•  Simulation only

The Rating Systems

From presentation: ‘A Tale of Two Rating Systems’ by B. Barry, October 2011

(Ucog*Acog) + (Uf*Af) + (Uedge*Aedge) Aw

Ucog = U-value glass Acog = Area glass

Uf = U-value frame

Af = Area frame

Uedge = U-value edge of glass

Aedge = Area edge of glass Aw = Area Window

How the NFRC rates windows

From presentation: ‘A Tale of Two Rating Systems’ by B. Barry, October 2011

(Ug*Ag) + (Uf*Af) + (ψspacer*Lg) + (ψinstall*Lf) Aw

Uw-installed =

ψinstall

ψspacer

How the PHI rates windows

Component NFRC PHI

Window size 1.8 m2 1.82 m2

Width of frame * 0.15 m 0.1 m

Delta T in Therm Boundary condition 39 deg C 30 deg C

U-glass 0.73 W/m2K 0.7 W/m2K

Spacer vs edge of glass 0.22 W/K 0.15 W/K

Final U-window value (metric) 0.79 W/m2K 0.77 W/m2K

Final U-window value (IP) 0.139 BTU/hr.ft2.°F 0.135 BTU/hr.ft2.°F

Final R-value 7.18 hr.ft2.°F/BTU 7.37 hr.ft2.°F/BTU * Frame size variation is due to different profile options submitted by manufacturer’s representative to the two testing agencies and is not a protocol difference.

Generates different results

Climate specific details

Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Spread footing, 8” ICF stem wall, floating slab floor.

Cost and simplicity still matter

Perimeter Foundation Study Opt. #

Psi (BTU/hrfF)

fRsi (%) Assembly Description Assembly

benefits/negatives 1 0.136 0.86 Spread Ftg, ICF stem wall: 8" conc. w/ 2" EPS sides, 5" slab w/ 4" HD EPS blw Easy to build

2 0.103 not

calc'd Same as #1 + 1 3/4" Foamglas below ICF stem wall Foamglas expensive 3 0.042 0.88 Same as #1 + 1 3/4" HD EPS at top of ICF stem wall Best performance

!But this is ONLY appropriate in very specific climates!

My lessons learned:

•  ‘Outsulate’ your walls for best forgiveness factor and performance results

•  Stick with triple-pane windows (for now) •  Foundation perimeter insulation is crucial •  Continuous sub-slab insulation is climate

specific •  Don’t assume perfect translations •  Religion relies on faith, everyone else

bring data! (With thanks to Danny Parker)

Thank you

Bronwyn Barry, Assoc. AIA, CPHC One Sky Homes & Passive House BB Consulting PHCA Co-President 2012

High Performance Buildings - Lessons Learned, June 2012

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