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Herpes viruses. Adenoviruses. Biological properties,
pathogenecity for humans. Laboratory diagnostics,
prophylaxis and therapy of diseases.
Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology
Herpes viruses. Classification1. Alphaherpesvirinae includes next species
1. Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2)
2. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV or HHV 3)
2. Betaherpesvirinae contains species
1. Cytomegalovirus (CMV or HHV 5)
2. HHV6 and HHV7
3. Gammaherpesvirinae includes species
1. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV or HHV4)
2. Kaposi`s sarcoma associated virus (HHV8)
Herpes viruses
Herpes simplex virusThere are two types of the herpes
simplex virus (HSV):
1.HSV type 1 causes herpes labialis
2.HSV type 2 causes herpes genitalis
Cultivation of the HSV1. Chick embryo
2. Cell cultures
3. Experimental keratoconjunctivitis
Epidemiology and pathogenesisThe source of infection is ill person with typical lesionsInfection is transmitted by close direct contact (labial
herpes) or sexual intercourse (genital herpes)
Laboratory diagnosticsMicroscopy:
CytoscopyImmune electron microscopyImmunofluorescence
Virus isolation
Serology
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
causes chickenpox after primary infection and herpes zoster
The source of infection is person with chickenpox or more rarely with herpes zoster
Infection is transmitted with air droplets (chickenpox) or with direct contact with lesions
Varicella (chickenpox) Herpes zoster
Pathogenesis of varicella/zoster infection
Laboratory diagnostics
Microscopy:Tzanck smear Immune electron microscopyImmunofluorescence
Virus isolation Serology
Prevention is possible by active immunization with live, attenuated VZV (OKA strain)
For contact person varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) is used to prevent disease
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)In persons with adequate immunity CMV
causes subclinical or unapparent infection.In persons with waned immunity CMV can
provoke generalized infection.Congenital CMV-infection often is very severe,
associated with hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, hemolytic anemia, and microcephaly, chorioretinitis
Cells infected by CMV
Laboratory diagnosticsRapid diagnostics
Virus isolation
Serological method
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)It belongs to gamma-herpes viruses (HHV-4) and has
oncogenic properties.It can cause different diseases from latent infection in
children, infectious mononucleosis in adulthood to EBV-associated malignancies such as Burkitt`s lymphoma and nasopharingeal carcinoma
Laboratory diagnostics1. Blood assay
2. Serological tests are used to reveal: Heterophile antibodies with Paul-Bunnell test Specific anti-EBV antibodies with ELISA and
immunofluorescence
AdenovirusesThey belong to family Adenoviridae, genus
Mastadenovirus divided into 7 serogroups (A-F) and 47 serotypes
Adenovirus structure
Pathogenecity 1. Respiratory disease in children (pharyngitis,
pneumonia)
2. “Common cold” in adults
3. Conjunctivitis (swimming pool follicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis -shipyard disease)
4. Diarrhea in children
5. Acute hemorrhagic cystitis in young males
Epidemiology and pathogenesisAdenoviruses are transmitted with different
mechanisms:
1.Via aerosol droplets
2.With fecal-oral route
3.By direct contact
Laboratory diagnosticsDiagnosis is based onto:
1.Rapid diagnostics with electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, immunofluorescence
2.Virus isolation
3.Serological tests demonstrate rising in titer of antibody, demonstrated in paired patient sera
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