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HELCOM role in MSFD-implementation and relation to the
HELCOM BSAP
Prepared by Maria Laamanen and Samuli KorpinenHELCOM Secretariat
Helsinki Commission - HELCOM
Works towards: − protection of the Baltic marine
environment from all sources of pollution
− implementation of the Helsinki Convention 1974/1992
Priority issues:Eutrophication, Hazardous substances, Biodiversity and nature protection, Environmentally friendly shipping and maritime activities
BSAP: Good Environmental Status
by 2021
HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan
HELCOM’s role in the Baltic
Environmental policy maker developing common objectives and actions
Scientific Assessments
Coordinated monitoring
Concrete targets
Policy advice
ActionsM
anagement
Science
Environmentalfocal point for the Baltic Sea
Coordinating body
Status Reports
Structure of HELCOM
Secretariat
Seminars, workshops, informal expert meetings
Working groups and projects
Helsinki Commission
Denmark, Estonia, European Community, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
Russia, Sweden
HELCOM MONAS
HELCOM MARITIME
HELCOM RESPONSE
HELCOM LAND
HELCOM HABITAT
Heads of Delegations
HELCOM GEAR
0
Fisheries/Environmental Forum
Agriculture/Environmental Forum
HELCOM/VASAB Working Group
Cooperation Platform on Port Reception Facilities
HELCOM GEAR: the regional coordination platform for MSFD
• The 2010 HELCOM Ministerial Meeting decided that HELCOM will be the coordination platform for the implementation of the MSFD.
• Work under HELCOM GEAR steers the development of: ü HELCOM core indicators (2012-)ü HELCOM revised Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (in
2013) providing a strategy for a joint coordinated monitoring system
ü ...Monitoring Programme (by 2014, method manuals by 2015),
ü Programmes of Measures (by 2016), basing on the Baltic Sea Action Plan and Ministerial Declarations, especially the nutrient load reduction scheme
HELCOM work for the implementation of the MSFD:
initial assessmentHELCOM Initial Holistic Assessment of the Ecosystem Health of the Baltic Sea 2003-2007
• An overview of the ecosystem health of the Baltic Sea in 2003-2007, including status, pressures and economic analysis
• A baseline for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the measures of the HELCOM BSAP
• Facilitation of the implementation of the MSFD in the Baltic Sea region, especially production of the initial assessment
What is the status? – Eutrophication
Secc
hi (
m)
Chlorophyll a (µg L-1)
HELCOM work for the implementation of the MSFD: initial assessment
What is the status? – Biodiversity and nature conservation
• Status of biodiversity is impoverished in all other parts of the Baltic Sea except the Gulf of Bothnia and some coastal pockets
• Status of biodiversity is changing in a direction that is weakening the capacity of the ecosystem to provide valuable goods and services
HELCOM work for the implementation of the MSFD: initial assessment
What is the status? –Hazardous substancesD
DE
- P
CB
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
mean productivity
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
1.2
Year 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
1.2
HELCOM work for the implementation of the MSFD: initial assessment
HELCOM core indicators to coherent monitoring data and assessments
A lesson learnt from the thematic assessments: need for common indicators with harmonized sampling and analyses!
HELCOM core indicators: ü First set is to be adopted in June
2013,ü Backbone of assessments and
coordinated monitoring,ü Enable coordinated Baltic-wide
assessment results,ü Regular annual updating of web-
based core indicator reports,ü Addresses BSAP+MSFD
assessment needs,ü Enables the follow up and
efficiency of management measures!
Relations of BSAP and MSFD objectives support each other
All HELCOM core indicators and pre-core indicators. Links provide access to the draft core indicator reports.
Core indicators for biodiversity and food webs
1 Population growth rates, abundance and distribution of marine mammals 2 Pregnancy rates of marine mammals 3 Nutritional status of seals 4 Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gears 5 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season 6 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season 8 White-tailed eagle productivity 9 Abundance of key fish species 10 Abundance of fish key functional groups 11 Proportion of large fish in the community 12 Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr 13 Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt 14 Zooplankton mean size and total abundance 15 State of the soft-bottom macrofauna communities 16 Population structure of long-lived macrozoobenthic species 19 Red-listed benthic biotopes 20 Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species Pre-core indicators for biodiversity and food webs
7 Number of waterbirds being oiled annually 17 Lower depth distribution limit of macrophyte species 18 Cumulative impact on benthic habitats 21 Extent and distribution of benthic biotopes [no draft yet available] Core indicators hazardous substances and their effects
21 Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE): BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 22 Hexabromocyclododacene (HBCD) 23 Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) 24 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins and furans: CB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and
180; WHO-TEQ of dioxins, furans +dl-PCBs 25 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites: US EPA 16 PAHs / selected metabolites. 26 Metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) 27 Radioactive substances: Caesium-137 in fish and surface waters 28 Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex Pre-core indicators for hazardous substances and their effects
29 Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, EE2 (+E1, E2, E3 + in vitro yeast essay?) 30 Lysosomal Membrane Stability – a toxic stress indicator 31 Fish diseases– a fish stress indicator 32 Micronuclei test– a genotoxicity indicator 33 Reproductive disorders: Malformed eelpout and amphipod embryos
Marine mammals
Waterbirds
Fish
ZooplanktonSeabed
Non-indigenous spp.
Waterbirds
Seabed
Substances + contaminant effects
Pharmaceuticals + contaminant effects
HELCOM work for the monitoring programmes
HELCOM MORE project (2012-2013) to revise the HELCOM Monitoring and Assessment Strategy and to revise the joint coordinated monitoring programme.
ü Revised M&A Strategy for endorsement by HOD 41/2013 in June 2013,
ü Work plan for reviewing the monitoring programme 2013-2015,
ü Structure and web-based documentation of the monitoring programme by 2013,
ü Monitoring manual as fact sheets for sampling and analysis methods updated and prepared during 2013-2015.
Photo: Samuli Korpinen
Analysis of numerous anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment in the Initial Holistic Assessment (data 2003-2007)
Bottom trawling
Shipping
Airborne N
Underwater noise
HELCOM work for the MSFD Programme of measures
Work plan being developed currently by HELCOM GEAR: Elements for consideration1. Baltic Sea Action Plan as the basis for measures and actions in the
Baltic Sea,2. Inventory of existing measures, level of their implementation and
whether the measures are still valid and necessary.3. Coherence of national programmes of measures of HELCOM
Contracting Parties, including countries.4. The WFD river basin management plans (next round by 2015):
coherence should be sought at a regional level for them to take into account the need to reach GES for marine waters.
5. Regional core measures: e.g. a common set of core actions and measures, such as the BSAP load reduction scheme and action to reach an ecologically coherent network of marine protected areas.
6. Cost-efficiency of measures requires regional perspective.7. Quantifying certain targets, newer targets, as a joint activity could
be a future activity with the aim to subsequently set joint measures.
8. The Ministerial Meeting in October should address the regional coordination of programmes of measures.
Load reduction sheme: Maximum Allowable Inputs (MAI) and
Country Allocated Reduction Targets (CART)
Bo Gustavsson/BNI
BSAP 2007• Secchi was the main target upon which MAI were
built• Calculations of MAI were done with the semi-
empirical SANBALTS model• MAI was only given for the land loads
Review 2013• Several targets (including oxygen debt) with a
stronger scientific basis (TARGREV)• A mechanistic model (BALTSEM) was used to
calculate new MAI and proper peer-reviewed model documentation, including comparisons with other Baltic Sea models
• Updated, more reliable and flow-corrected load data
• Inclusion of atmospheric loads of nitrogen into the system
• New county-allocation system where the shares and reduction targets are based on current loads from the countries
We have reached the 10 % target for the regional network of marine protected areas set by the UN CBD COP7
• The current network of protected areas covers about 12% of the Baltic marine area
• The network is not yet ecologically coherent
• It is still not well-managed• Could be seen as a backbone
of transboundary Maritime Spatial Planning
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Installation of wind-farms
Land based activities
Dumping
Dredging
Extraction of resources
Aquaculture/mariculture
Research
Military activities
Traffic infrastructure
Tourism and recreation
Harvesting
Hunting
Fishing
Shipping and navigation
Cables and pipelines
Constructions (marine)
Buildings (terrestrial)
no. of entries
Permission needed Restricted Forbidden
Marine Protected Areas
HELCOM work for fish/fisheries
HELCOM FISH/ENV forum:• Discussion and co-operation forum
for environmental and fisheries authorities,
• Project BALTFIMPA: fisheries management within MPAs,
• Workshop on ecosystem-based fisheries in the context of the broad-scale MSP on 14-15 November 2013 by HELCOM in cooperation with the PartiSEApate project
HELCOM FISH-PRO for coastal fish assessments:• Expert network to coordinate
monitoring and assessments.Photo: Samuli Korpinen
HELCOM SEAL for marine mammal co-operation
ü BSAP requires management plans for seals by 2012:
Den
mar
k
Esto
nia
Finl
and
Ger
man
y
Latv
ia
Lith
uani
a
Pol
and
Rus
sia
Swed
en
Managem-ent plan
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
Und
er
deve
lopm
ent
NO
Und
er
deve
lopm
ent
ü 2013-14: focus in ringed seal in Gulf of Finland, Gulf of Riga and Archipelago Sea.
HELCOM work for MSP
HELCOM/VASAB Marine Spatial Planning WG:ü Platform for intergovernmental dialogue on
MSP in the Baltic region,ü is the Steering Committee of the EU SBSR
Horizontal Action ‘Spatial Planning’,ü PartiSEApate project (Multilevel Governance
in Maritime Spatial Planning throughout the Baltic Sea Region),
ü a Joint HELCOM-VASAB MSP WG Report 2010-2013 to be submitted to the Ministerial Meetings as a background document,
ü Regional Baltic MSP Roadmap for the Ministerial Meetings
Photo: Samuli Korpinen
Thank you!
www.helcom.fi
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