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Health AssessmentNur 211Integument SystemFall 2004
Curlissa Mapp RN, MSN
Skin and Epidermal Appendages
Function of the Skin Protection Prevents Penetration Perception Temperature Regulation Identification Communication Wound Repair Absorption and excretion Production of Vitamin D
Main Symptoms of Disease of Skin, Hair and Nails are:
Rash or skin lesion Changes in skin color Itching (Pruritus) Changes in Hair Changes in Nail
Subjective Data of Health History: Skin Any previous skin disease or problem? Any family history of
allergies or allergic skin problems? Any known allergies to drugs, plants or animals? Any birthmarks or tattoos?
Any change in skin color or pigmentation? Was color change generalized (all over body) or localized (in one area)?
Any change in a mole: color, size shape, sudden appearance of tenderness, bleeding or itching? Any “sores” that do not heal?
Any change in temperature, moisture or texture of your skin? Any excess dryness? Is this seasonal or constant?
(Jarvis, 2004)
Subjective Data of Health History: Skin Any skin itching? Where is the itching? When did it start? Is
this mild or intense? Any excess bruising? Where on the body? How did this
happen? How long have you had it? Any skin rash or lesion? Onset. When did you first notice it?
Where did it start? Describe the color. Is it raised or flat? How long have you had it? Anyone at home or work with similar rash? Have you been camping, have a new pet, tried a new food or drug? What home care have you tried? Any itching, fever?
What medications do you take? Prescription and over-the counter?
(Jarvis, 2004)
Subjective Data of Health History (cont’d) Any recent hair loss? Was it
a gradual or sudden onset? Symmetrical? Associated with fever, illness, increased stress?
Any unusual hair growth? Any recent change in texture, appearance?
Any change in nails: shape, color, brittleness? Do you tend to bite or chew your nails?
(Jarvis, 2004)
Any environmental or occupational hazards? Any hazard related problems with occupation, hobbies. How much sun exposure do you get from outdoor work, leisure activities, sunbathing, tanning salons?
Recently been bitten by insect: bee tick, mosquito?
Any recent exposure to plants, animals in yard work, camping?
What do you do to care for your skin, hair, nails? What cosmetics, soaps, chemicals do you use?
Physical Assessment
Equipment: Strong Direct Lighting Small Centimeter ruler Penlight Gloves Magnifying glass
Techniques used in skin assessment:
Inspection and Palpation
Inspection• general to specific• drape• begin with exposed areas• compare
-anatomical areas-sun exposed; non-exposed areas
• cleanliness
Techniques used in skin assessment:Inspection and Palpation
Palpation• Exposed areas first• Compare• Fingertips for general
differences/moisture• Dorsa (back) of hand, temperature
Inspect and Palpate Skin Color Temperature Moisture Texture Thickness Edema Mobility & Turgor Vascularity or Bruising Lesions
Inspect and Palpate the Hair
Color Texture Distribution Lesions
Inspect and Palpate the Nails
Shape and Contour Consistency Color
Special Considerations in Assessment of skin, nails and hair
Infant Adolescents Pregnant female Aging Adults Cultural
Abnormal Findings
Pallor Cyanosis Erythema Purpura Ecchymosis Petechia Jaundice
Abnormal Findings: Lesions Macule Patch Wheal Nodule Vesicle Pustule Cyst Scale
Crust Excoriation Scar Keloid Fissure/Ulcer
Interaction with other Body System
Respiratory- Bluish discoloration, cyanosis
Cardiovascular- Changes in skin color, temperature, necrosis
GI- Jaundice (sclera, conjunctiva), skin; dietary lipids (xanthomas); vitamin deficiency skin, hair, nails
Interaction with other Body System
Urinary- skin Neurological- sensation, touch,
temperature, skin vessels Endocrine- Diabetes, Thyroid Immunological- allergies, rashes,
itching
Documentation of Findings Describe:• Size• Color• Exudate • Shape• Texture
• Tenderness• Blanching or
pulsation of vascular lesion
• Pattern, configuration, distribution
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