Harper Final Review. The basis of a medical term Combining form

Harper Final Review

The basis of a medical term

Combining form

Combining Form consists of

A word root and a combining vowel

Precedes the combining form

Prefix

Modifies or clarifies the combining form

Suffix

Dys-

painful; difficult; abnormal

-pathy

Suffering/disease

Tachy-

Fast

Tri-

Three

Anti-

Against

Endo-

Within/innermost

Pre-

Before/in front of

Eu-

Normal/good

DiBi-

Two

Mono-Uni-

One/single

Quad-Tetra-

Four

Mal-

Bad/inadequate

A-

Away from/without

An-

Not/without

-scopy

process of using instrument for examination

-megaly

Enlargement

-ectomy

Surgical excision/removal

-tomy

Process of cutting making an incision

-stomy

Create an opening/incision

Stoma

opening

-itis

Inflammation or infection

Coronal plane

Divides the body front/ventral to back/dorsal

Saggital plane

Divides the body right to left

Transverse

Divides the body horizontally top/cephalad to bottom/caudad

Front/o

Frontal

Prone

Lying of ventral side/face down

Supine

Lying on dorsal side/face up

Lateral

Away from midline/toward the side

Medial

Toward the midline/away from the side

Proximal

Closer to the main body

Distal

Further from the main body

Dorsal

Posterior/back side

Ventral

Anterior/front side

Caud/o

Tail (Tail Bone)

Superior

Above/upper

Inferior

Below/lower

Right Hypochondriac

Left inguinalHypogastricRight inguinal

UmbilicalLeft LumbarRight Lumbar

Left Hypochondriac

Epigastric

Prognosis

Expected result of a condition

Diagnosis

Determination based on knowledge about the cause of

the patient’s signs and symptoms

Eti/o

Cause of Disease

iatro/o

physician - doctor - treatment

Nosocomial

Infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare setting

idi/o

Unknown or individual

Patent

open

Congenit/o

Present at birth

Disease caused by environmental factors

Environmental

iatrogenic

Caused inadvertently by a physician or surgeon or by

medical treatment or diagnostic procedure

Objective information/data gained during a physical exam or history

Signs

Subjective information/data gained during a physical exam or

history

Symptoms

When a person is affected again by a condition that affected him, or

her, in the past

Relapse

The state of absence of disease activity in patients known to have

incurable chronic illness

Remission

Meta

After; subsequent to; transition; change

Angi/o

Blood Vessel

Genesis

Producing/ forming

Myel/o

Spinal cord or Bone marrow

URI

Upper Respiratory Infection

ETOH

Ethyl Alcohol

EEG

Electro Encephlagram

Stasis

condition of staying in one place; standing still

Heredit/o

Genetic Inheritance

GPA

Gestation #Pregnancy #Abortion #

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imagery

TIA

Transient Ischemic Attack

Multiple X-rays used to create a 3D image

CT Scan

Positrons used to determine areas of metabolism

PET Scan

ALS

Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisLou Gehrig’s

MS

Multiple Sclerosis

Sx

Symptoms

Tx

Treatment

PT

PatientOr

Physical Therapy

NPO

Nothing by Mouth(Nil Per Os)

GERD

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

RLS

Restless leg Syndrome

System which includes skin, hair, and nails

Integumentary

Scaly crusty skin due to an overproduction of oil

Eczema

Lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes

Albinism

Dry Skin

Xeroderma

Absence of sweat glands

Anhidrosis

Depigmentation interspersed with normal skin

Vitiligo

Severe systemic allergic reaction

Anaphylaxsis

Extra Finger(s)

Polydactyly

Webbed fingers or toes

Syndactyly

Blackhead Acne

Comedo

Blisters from a burn

Bulla

Abnormally large scar

Keloid

Thick crusty necrotic tissue from a 3rd degree burn

Eschar

Prurit/o

Itching

Derm/o

Skin

Presby/o

Old or aging(geriatric)

Specialty dealing with the Stomach and intestines

Gastroenterology

Lymph/o

Lymph

Hepat/o

Liver

Splen/o

Spleen

Emet/o

Vomiting

Gastr/o

Stomach

Enter/o

Intestine

Whitehead Acne

Pustules

Pylor/o

pertaining to the pylorus, the opening between the stomach and

duodenum.

A surgically created opening

Stoma

Cholangi/o

Bile Duct

Cholecyst/o

Gallbladder

Odont/o

Tooth

Phag/o

Eating; Swallowing

Peps/oPept/o

Digestion

Emet/o

To Vomit

Emiss/o

To send out

Hallucin/o

Imagined perception

Orex/o

appetite

Pattern of binge and purge

Bulimia

Buzzing, Hissing, Ringing in the ears

Tinnitus

Muscle spasm, sustained contraction

Tetany

Tendon/o

Tendon

-trophy

Process of development

Kinesi/o

Movement

Contus/o

Bruising

Extra Finger(s)

Polydactyly

Arthr/o

Joint

Orth/o

Straighten

My/o

Muscle

Grinding sound from bones rubbing together

Crepitus

Sarc/o

Connective Tissue

Glycos/o

Glucose

Ur/oUrin/0

Urine

Dips/o

Thirst

Epistaxis

Nose bleed

Para-

Besides; apart from; two parts of a pair; abnormal

Clouding of the eye lens

Cataract

Infection of the conjunctiva(Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis

difficulty in producing or comprehending spoken or written

language

Aphasia

Difficulty in written or verbal communication

Dysphasia

Bacterial or viral infection of the meninges surrounding the brain

and spinal cord

Meningitis

Fainting

Syncope

Bleeding under the dura layer of the brain.

Subdural Hematoma

Neurological disorder caused by a lack of oxygen at the time of birth

Cerebral Palsy

Neur/o

Nerve

Cephal/o

Head

Fibr/o

fiber

CV

Cardio Vascular

Hydro

Water/fluid

Esthes/o

Sensation/feeling

Tachy

Faster than normal

Hema/o

Blood

emia

Condition of the blood; substance in the blood

-ia

Condition; state; thing

Hyper

Above/beyond/excessive

CABG

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Cyan/o

Blue

omatosis

Abnormal condition of multiple tumors or masses

Pne/o

Breathing

Atel/o

imperfect or incomplete development.

Strabismus

Deviation of one or both eyes

-ectasis

Dilation or widening

Chelioplasty

Repairing the lip

Measuring oxygen levels in the blood with a device on the finger

Pulse oximetery

Listening to the sounds of the body

Auscultation

Steth/o

The chest

Spir/o

Breath

Hal/o

Breath- Inhalation/Exhalation

MI

Myocardial Infarction

Epi

On/upon/top/over

Peri-

Around/about

Weakened or stretched/bubbling portion of an artery

Aneurysm

Arterial clot or occluding plug from an Embolus (intravascular mass

carried by circulation)

embol/o-

Blood pressure within an artery

tension

sclero

Hard or Sclera of eye

ASVD

arteriosclerotic vascular disease

ism

Process; disease from a specific cause

CHF

Congestive Heart Failure(the heart can no longer pump enough

blood to the rest of the body)

Ven/o

vein

Arteri/o

Artery

Vas/o

Blood Vessels

Phleb/o

Vein

Pulmon/o

Lung

anthrac/o-

Coal

atel/o-

Incomplete

bronch/o-

bronchus

-centesis

procedure to puncture

Diuretic

Promotes the formation of urine

cost/o-

Rib

de-

reversal of; without

-ectasis

condition of dilation

-ema

condition

glott/o-

glottis (of the larynx)

Gloss/o

Tongue

malign/o-

intentionally causing harm; cancer

orth/o-

Straighten

-osis

abnormal condition; process

ox/y-

oxygen; quick

oma

Tumor; mass

pan-

all

parenchym/o-

parenchyma (functional cells of an organ)

pariet/o-

wall of a cavity

pector/o-

chest

pharyng/o-

pharynx (throat)

phil/o-

attraction to; fondness for

-ptysis

condition of coughing up

py/o- purul/o-

pus

turbin/o-

scroll-like structure; turbinate

vir/o-

Virus

ASD

Atrial Septal Defect

BP

Blood Pressure

ECG/EKG

Electrocardiography

Ment/aPysch/o

Mind

Mamm/o

Breast

Infecto

Disease within

BRCA

Breast cancer Gene

ER

Emergency Room; Estrogen Receptor

CF

Cystic Fibrosis

CSF

Cerebrospinal Fluid

BPM

Beats Per Minute

PA

Physicians Assistant; PosteroAnterior

PE

Physical Exam

Phas/o

Speech

-plegia

Condition of paralysis

rrhea

Flow or Discharge

Rect/o

Rectum

Emot/o

Moving ; stirring up

ADH

Anti Diuretic hormone

Diabetes Melitius

Hyposecretion of Insulin

Diabetes Insipidus

Hyposecretion of ADH

Degluti/o

Swallowing

Diaphys/o

Shaft of bone

Hyster/o

Uterus

Hirsut/o

Hair

-graph

Instrument used to record

-graphy

Process of recording

Trans

Across; through

Hemi

One half

iatry

Medical Treatment