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AUTO EXTRAVAGANZAAUTO EXTRAVAGANZA
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Historyofthe IC EngineHistoryofthe IC Engine
Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir- 1860
First Production IC Engine.
Nicolaus Otto- 1877
4 Strokeenginedesign patented.
Daimler/Maybach- 1882
Incorporated IC enginein automobile.
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Thomas Alva Edison withan electriccarin 1913
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NEWCOMEN ENGINENEWCOMEN ENGINE
This wasthefirstpractical
devicetoharnessthe
powerofsteamto
producemechanicalwork.
Thisdevice was
expensivetooperate,so
James Wattreplacedthis
engine whichisknown
as Watts Steamengine.
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DIESEL CYCLEDIESEL CYCLE
1-2 : IsentropicCompression
2-3 : Reversible ConstPressureHeating
3-4 : IsentropicExpansion
4-1 : Reversible ConstVolume Cooling
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OTTO CYCLEOTTO CYCLE
1-2 : Adiabatic Compression
2-3 : Isochoric Ignition Process
3-4 : Adiabatic Expansion
4-1 : Iscochoric Exhaust Process
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GROWTH OF AUTOMOBILESGROWTH OF AUTOMOBILES
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ENGINE CLASSIFICATIONENGINE CLASSIFICATION
1. Mechanical Constructiona) 4 Stroke
b) 2 Stroke
2. Bytypeofignitiona) Compression Ignition
Basicallydieselengines
Spark Ignition
BasicallyPetrol/LPG/CNG engines
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DIESEL ENGINEDIESEL ENGINE
Classification
a) Direct Injection engine Fuelisdirectly spread on thesystem
Highly fuelefficient Noisy
Easy coldstarting ability
a) Indirect Injection engine Fuelissprayed on toaseperate pre-
chamber. Less fuelefficient
Less Noisy/smoother
Requires pre-heating forstarting
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PETROL/LPG/CNG ENGINESPETROL/LPG/CNG ENGINES
1. Carburated EngineThe Petrol & airaremixedin the
carbureterbeforebeing sentin to
engine
2. Fuel Injected EngineThe Petrolisinjectedseperatelyand
thepetrolandairaremixedinsidethe
cylinder
Theyfurtherclassifiedas
1. Single/Multi PointFuel Injection
2. GasolineDirect Injection(GDI)
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CONVENTIONAL 4
STROKE ENGINE
PORT FUEL
INJECTOR ENGINE
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THERMAL EFFICIENCYTHERMAL EFFICIENCY
33.33%
INPUT OUTPUT
100% 33.33%
33.33%
TYPICAL
EFFICIENCIES
PETROL 25%
DIESEL IDI- 28-
ENGIN
EWORK
E
X
H
A
U
S
T
C
O
O
L
I
N
G
FUEL
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ROTARY ENGINEROTARY ENGINE
In apiston enginethe
samevolumeofspace
doesfourdifferent jobs(intake,compression,
combustion andexhaust).
A Rotaryenginedoesthesamefour jobsin
separatepartsofthe
housing.
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ENGINEENGINE
New triplerotor
enginein
developmentby
Mazda Corp.
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ENGINE MAKING OFFORDENGINE MAKING OFFORD
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CHASISCHASIS
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TYPES OF WHEEL DRIVETYPES OF WHEEL DRIVE
1. RearWheelDrive : Thissystem normallyusesatransmission.
2. Front WheelDrive :
Thissystemusestransaxle.
A transaxlecombinesthetransmission gearing,differential &
thedriveaxleconnectionsintoasinglecaselocatedatthe
frontofthevehicle.
3. FourWheelDrive: Itusestransmission & transfercase.
Thetransfercasesmountson thesideorthebackofthe
transmission.
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FRONT WHEEL DRIVEFRONT WHEEL DRIVE
IN 1930s
CURRENT
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REAR WHEEL DRIVEREAR WHEEL DRIVE
Benefits: Betterweightbalance
Betteracceleration
Betterroadholding
Betterstopping Betterrideandfeel
Betterserveciability
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SoSo WhyWhy dodo AutomakersAutomakers useausea
Front WheelDrive??Front WheelDrive??
TRACTION IN SNOW AND ICE
PACKAGING
COST
PASSENGER/TRUNK SPACE
DEMAND
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FOUR WHEEL DRIVEFOUR WHEEL DRIVE
FRONT ENGINE 4WD
REAR ENGINE 4WD
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A Lamborghini4 wheeldrivethatpowersthefrontviaaviscouscoupling ifthe
rearslips.
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SUSPENSIONSUSPENSION
Supension Absorbs Road
Shocks And Provids
Comfortable Ride The
Passengers
Classification:
1) Rigid Suspension
2) Independent Suspension
Components OfSuspension:1) Springs
2) Shocks Absorber
3) StabilizerBar
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A simpleMacPherson strut suspension on theleftfront wheelofarear-wheeldrivevehicle
Redsection = steering knuckle orhubcarrier
Bluesection = lower controlarm ortrackcontrolarm
Lightbluesection = steering geartierod
Lowerpurplesection = radiusrod
Upperpurple Section = coilspring
Yellow section = tubularhousing containing shockabsorberordamper
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STEERINGSTEERING
The Purpose OfThe
Steering Is To Change
TheDirection OfVehical
Movement, AsDesired
By TheDriver.
Steering Systems Can Be:
Manual Steering
PowerAssisted
Steering
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STEERINGSTEERING
Components OfSteering System
Steering GearBox
Steering Wheel Steering Inner/Outer Colums
Tie Rods
PowerSteering Pump
PowerSteering Reservoir PowerSteering Hoses/Pipes
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CLUTCHCLUTCH
Theclutchislocatedbetween
thetransmission
& engine where
itprovides
mechanical
coupling between
enginesfly-
wheel &
transmissions
inputshaft.
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CLUTCH SYSTEMCLUTCH SYSTEM
Thepurposeofclutchistotransmitthetorquefromtheenginetothetransmission line.
Components: Clutch Actuation Mechanism
Link Type Cable Type
Hydraulic Type
Clutch Cable
ClutchMasterCylinder Clutch Slave Cylinder
ReleaserBearing
Clutch Pressure Plate
ClutchDriven Plate
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GEAR BOXGEAR BOX
Itmodifies & transmitstorqueofenginetodrive
line
Thetransmission istheentireassemblythat
sitsbehindtheflywheelandclutch. The gearboxisreallyasubsetofthe
transmission.
Components:
Gearbox
Gearselection lever
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GEAR BOXGEAR BOX
Classification:
Stepped Transmission
Stepless Transmission (Usedin 2 wheelers)
Stepped Transmission can furtherbeclassified
as..
1. Manual Transmission
2. Automatic Transmission
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TRANSMISSION SYSTEMTRANSMISSION SYSTEM
CONSTANT MESH
SYNCHRO MESH
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MANUAL TRANSMISSION CLUTCH
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SIMPLE TRANSMISSIONSIMPLE TRANSMISSION
ANIMATIONANIMATION
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PROPELLOR SHAFTPROPELLOR SHAFT
Ittransmitstheenginetorquefrom gearboxtodifferential.
Classification:
Single PropellorShaft
Split PropellorShaft
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DIFFERENTIALDIFFERENTIAL
Itreceivestorquefromfear
box,modifies & transmitsitto
wheels,in aperpendicular
direction.
Italsoallowseach wheelto
rotateatdifferent
speeds,specially when
vechiletakesaturn.
Components:
Crown wheel/ Pinion
Differentialmechanism
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WORKING OFDIFFERENTIAL
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AXLEAXLE
Basedon wayin whichtheloadiscarried & the
torqueistransmitted, Axlecan beclassifiedas..
Semi-Floating Axle:Thevehicleloadas wellastorqueis
transmittedbyaxleshaft.
Full-Floating Axle:
Axleshafttransmitsthedrivetorqueonly.The
vehicleloadistaken upbyrearaxlehousing.
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AXLEAXLE
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BRAKESBRAKES
The Purpose OfThe Brakes Is To Slow Down OrStop
The Vehical AsDirected By TheDriver
Classification :
Hydraulic Brakes
Powerassisted Brakes
1) Vaccumassisted
2) Aircompressedassisted
AirBrakes( Usedin heavycommercialvehicles)
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DRUM BRAKE DISC BRAKE
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ABS SYSTEM
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WHEELSWHEELS
Wheelscarrytheload
ofthevehicle &
transmitthetorqueto
thetyres.
Components:
Axle Shaft
Wheel Spindle
Wheel Bearings
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TYRETYRE
Itspurposeistoprovideafrictionalinterface
withtheroadsothatthedrivetorquecan be
transmittedtoroadforvehiclemotion.
Classification:
1. Cross Ply (Bias ply) Tyres
2. Radial Ply Tyres
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TYRETYRE
In Crossplytyre,theinnerpliesrun atan angle
tothetyrecentreline.
In Radialplytyre,theinnerpliesrunperpendiculartotyrecenterline.
Radialtyreshavehavelow rolling resistance
andhencethefuelefficiencyofthevehicleimproves. Italsoprovidesthesofterridedueto
thesofterside walls.
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A cross-section ofatire.
Number12indicatestheradial-ply.
Numbers14and16arebias-plies.
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DRIVEDRIVE
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TOYOTA ETIOS
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SUZUKI KIZASHI CONCEPT CAR
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TOYOTAS HYDROGEN CONCEPT CAR
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A cockpit. An engine. Two wings. Isitstillacar?
MERCEDES SLS AMG
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A lookA lookintointo thefuture..thefuture..
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