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Habitats & EcosystemsAn Introduction
IntroductionIntroductionWhat is a habitat?
A habitat is the environment where an organism lives, grows and reproduces.
Habitats can be very diverse:
a tree, a log, a marsh, a pond, a hive, a cactus
A habitat is made up of many factors.
HabitatsHabitats
The living parts of the ecosystem
Biotic Factors
The nonliving parts of the ecosystem
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors
A habitat is made up of many factors.
HabitatsHabitats
Plants
Biotic Factors
Water
Abiotic Factors
Animals
Decomposers
Bacteria
Sunlight
Temperature
Soil
What are the biotic & abiotic factors in this habitat?
What are the biotic & abiotic factors in this habitat?
What is an ecosystem?
EcosystemsEcosystems
An ecosystem is a large community of living organisms (biotic) and the
nonliving factors (abiotic) in a wide area.
An ecosystem can be a forest,
a stream, coastline or open ocean.
Similar ecosystems can be grouped together.
BiomesBiomes
A biome is a group of ecosystemswith similar climate and organisms.
There are 7 terrestrial (land) biomes.
And 7 aquatic (water) biomes.
BiomesBiomes
Rain Forest
Terrestrial Biomes
Desert
Deciduous Forest
Boreal Forest
Grassland
Tundra
Savannah
Desert
• Receives < 25 cm of rainfall per year• Large changes in temp. from day to night• Organisms are specially adapted
Rainforest
• Receives 250-400 cm of rain per year• Found near the Equator• Huge diversity of plants and animals
Deciduous Forest
• Receive > 50 cm of rain per year•Trees shed leaves in the winter• Many animals hibernate or go dormant
Coniferous (Boreal) Forest
• Winters are very long, cold and snowy• Summers are rainy but short• Trees are coniferous – needle leaves
Grassland
• Moderate rainfall: 50-100 cm per year• Enough rain for grass, not enough for trees• Summers are warm, winters are cold
Savannah
• Found between forest and grassland• Long dry season with short wet season• Organisms adapted for seasonal changes
Tundra
• Extremely cold and dry: very little rain• Most of the soil is frozen year round• Low growing plants, bears, caribou, fox, etc.
BiomesBiomes
Rivers and Streams
Aquatic Biomes
Intertidal Zone
Lakes and Ponds
Wetlands / Estuaries
Open Ocean
Deep Ocean
Coral Reef
Rivers and Streams
• Freshwater biome• Plants grow on banks or float in pools• Animals include fish, turtles, frogs, etc.
Lakes and Ponds
• Freshwater that is not moving• Ponds are shallow, lakes are deeper• Support insects, snakes, fish and others
Wetlands
• Receives < 25 cm of rainfall per year• Large changes in temp. from day to night• Organisms are specially adapted
Estuaries
• End of a river that feeds into a lake or ocean• Transition from fresh to saltwater• Includes marshes, wetlands and bogs
Intertidal Zone
• Forms where tide comes and goes each day• Conditions constantly change• Organisms are adapted to change
Open Ocean
• Sunlight penetrates this top layer• Algae and phytoplankton are the producers• Animals include reptiles, fish and mammals
Deep Ocean
• Sunlight cannot reach here: cold and dark• Animals feed on each or on falling food• Strange and unusual organisms!
Coral Reef
• Shallow area with lots of sunlight• Built on living organisms called corals• Huge diversity: the rainforest of the ocean
Any Questions?
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