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INDIAN STATES
States
Capital
Languages
Andra Pradesh
Hyderabad
Telugu and Urdu
Arunachal Pradesh
Itanager
Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin,Adi, Honpa, Bangini-Nishi.
Assam
Dispur
Assamese
Bihar
Patna
Hindi
Chhattisgarh
Raipur
Hindi
Goa
Panaji
Marathi and Konkani
Gujarat
Gandhinagar
Gujarati
Haryana
Chandigarh
Hindi
Himachal Pradesh
Shimla
Hindi and Pahari
Mizoram
Aizawl
Mizo and English
Jammu & Kashmir
Srinagar (Summer)Jammu (Winter)
Kashmiri,Dogri, Urdu, Ladakhi,Pahari,Punjabi and Dadri
Jharkhand
Ranchi
Hindi
Karnataka
Bangalore
Kannda
Kerala
Trivandrum
Malayalam
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
Hindi
Maharashtra
Bombay
Marathi
Manipur
Imphal
Manipuri
Meghalaya
Shillong
Khasi, Jaintia and Garo
Nagaland
Kohima
Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema and Lotha
Orissa
Bhubaneswar
Oriya
Punjab
Chandigarh
Punjabi
Rajasthan
Jaipur
Rajasthani and Hindi
Sikkim
Gangtok
Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
Tamil Nadu
Chennai
Tamil
Tripura
Agartala
Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow
Hindi
Uttaranchal
Dehra Dun
Hindi
West Bengal
Calcutta
Bengali
Place
Location
Ajanta
Aurangabad (Maharashtra)
Amarnath Cave
Kashmir
Akbar's Tomb
Sikanara, Agra
Amber Palace
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Anand Bhawan
Allahabad
Bhakra Dam
Punjab
Bibi Da Maqbra
Aurangabad
Birla Planetorium
Calcutta
Black Pagoda
Konark (Orissa)
Bodhisatva
Ajanta Caves
Brihadeeswara Temple
Tanjavur, Tanjor
Brindaban Gardens
Mysore
Buland Darwaza
Fatehpur Sikri
Charminar
Hyderabad
Cheena Kesava Temple
Belur
Chilka Lake
East Coast of India near Bhubaneshwar
Dal Lake
Srinagar
Dilwara Temple
Mt.Abu
Elephanta Caves
Bombay
Ellora Caves
Aurangabad
Gateway of India
Bombay
Golden Temple
Amritsar
Gol Gumbaz
Bijapur
Hanging Gardens
Bombay
Hawa Mahal (Place of winds)
Jaipur
Howrah Gridge
Calcutta
Island Palace
Udaipur
Itmaad-ud-Daulah's Tomb
Agra
Jagannath Temple
Puri
Jahaz Mahal
Mandu, M.P.(City of Joy)
Jai Stambha (Tower of Victory)
Chittorgarh
Jama Masjid
Delhi
Jantar Mantar
New Delhi
Jog (Gersoppa) Falls
Karnataka
Kailasa Temple
Ellora
Kanyakumari Temple
Kanyakumari
Khajuraho
M.P.
Kirti Stambha (Tower of victory)
Chittorgarh
Kornark
Orissa
Lakshmi Vilas Palace
Baroda
Lal Bagh Garden
Bangalore
Lalgarh Palace
Bikaner
Mahabaleshwar Temple
Ujjain (M.P.)
Maheshmuri (Trimurty)
Elephanta Caves
Malabar Hill
Bombay
Man Mandir Palace
Gwalior Fort
Marble Rocks
Jabalpur
Marina Beach
Madras
Minakshi Temple
Madurai
Mt. Girnar(Jain Temple)
Junagadh
Nagin Lake
Srinagar
Nishat Bagh
Srinagar
Padmanabha Temple
Trivandrum
Palitana
Junagadh
Panch Mahal
Fatehpur Sikri
Pichola Lake
Udaipur
Prince of Wales Muserm
Bombay
Qutab Minar
Delhi
Raj Ghat
New Delhi
Rashtrapati Bhawan
New Delhi
Red Fort
Delhi
Sanchi Stupa
Sanchi(Bhopal)
Sahar
Bombay
Sarnath Temple
Varanasi
Sidi Sayyid Mosque
Ahmedabad
Shalimar Bagh
Srinagar
Shahi Chashma
Srinagar
Shanti Vana
New Delhi
Shore Temple
Mahabalipuram
Somnath Temple
Gujarat
Statue of Gomateswars
Karnataka
Statue of Ugra Narasimha
Hampi
Sunderbans
West Bengal
Sun Temple
Konark
Taj Mahal
Agra
Tripati Temple
Andhra Pradesh
Tower of Silence
Bombay
Victoria Memorial
Calcutta
Victoria Garden
Bombay
Vijay Ghat
New Delhi
National Parks in India
Name
Place
State
Bandhavagarh National Park
Shahdol
Madhya Pradesh
Bandipur National Park
Mysore
Karnataka
Bannarghata National Park
Bangalore
Karnataka
Borivili National Park
Mumbai
Maharashtra
Corbett National Park
Garhwal
Uttar Pradesh
Dudhewa National Park
Lakhimpur
Uttar Pradesh
Eravikulan Rajmallay National Park
Idduki
Kerala
Gir National Park
Junagarh
Gujarat
Guindy National Park
Madras
Tamil Nadu
Hazaribagh National Park
Hazaribagh
Bihar
Kanha National Park
Mzandla & Balaghat
Madhya Pradesh
Kaziranga National Park
Jorhat
Assam
Kangchandsenda National Park
Gangtok
Sikkim
Nagerhole
Coorg
Karnataka
Nawegaon National Park
Bhandara
Maharashtra
Pench Nationa Park
Nagpur
Maharastra
Rohia Naional Park
Kullu
Himchal Pradesh
Shivpur Naional Park
Shivpuri
Madhyaradesh
Tadoba Naional Park
Chandrapur
Maharashtra
Valavadar Naional Park
Bhavnagar
Gujarat
Wildlife Sanctuaries
Name
Place
State
Chandraprabha Sanctuary
Varanasi
Uttar Pradesh
Dachigam Sanctuary
Srinagar
Jammu & Kashmir
Ghana Bird Sanctuary
Bharatpur
Rajasthan
Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary
Belgaum
Karnataka
Jaldapara Sanctuary
Jalpaiguri
West Bengal
Kutree Game Sanctuary
Bestar
Madhya Pradesh
Manas Tigar Sanctuary
Barpeta
Assam
Melapattu Bird Sanctuary
Nellor
Andra Pradesh
Mudumalai Sanctuary
Nilgiris
Tamil Nadu
Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctury
Ahmedabad
Gujarat
Palamau Tiger Sanctuary
Daltonganj
Bihar
Periyar Sanctuary
Idduki
Kerala
Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary
Sawai Madhopur
Rajasthan
Ranthambhor Tiger Sanctuary
Sawai Madhopur
Rajasthan
Similipal Tiger Sanctuary
Mayurbhanj
Orissa
Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary
Gurgaon
Haryana
Sunderbans Tiger Sanctuary
24-Parganas
West Bengal
Chief Industries of the Countries
Country
Industries
Afghanistan
Dry and fresh fruits, wool carpets
Australia
Wool, dairy products, meat
Austria
Textile, leather goods, electro-technical machines
Brazil
Foot wear, coffee, iron ore
Belgium
Glass, textiles, transport equipment
Canada
Newsprint, machinery
Chile
Copper, iron ore
Congo
Oil, tobacco, plywood
Cuba
Sugar, tobacco, textiles, chemicals
Denmark
Fur,farm products
France
Textile, wine, silk, iron and steel products
Germany
Machinery, chemicals, iron and steel products
Ghana
Cocoa, gold, coffee
India
Jute, textile, sugar, hides and skins, tobacco, tea, cement, mica
Indonesia
Sugar, spices, rubber, rice, petroleum, carpets, leather
Iran
Petroleum, carpets, dry fruits
Iraq
Dates, Petroleum
Italy
Mercury, textiles, foodstuffs, footwear
Japan
Machinery, textiles, toys, silk, automobiles, electronic goods
Kenya
Coffee, tea, meat, sisal, hides, skins, cement, soda ash
Kuwait
Petroleum, Shrimp
Malaysia
Rubber, tin, timber, petroleum
Netherlands
Machinery, natural gas, chemicals
Saudi Arabia
Oil, dates, petroleum and its products
Spain
Lead, fresh fruits, textiles
Sweden
Matches, timber, iron ore
Switzerland
Watches, chemicals, electrical
Taiwan
Camphor, rice
UK
Textiles, medicines, machinery cars
USA
Petroleum, wheat, machinery, coal, automobiles, iron, grains
Russia
Petroleum, wheat, chemicals, heavy machinery, iron, gold
Vietnam
Tin, rice, rubber, teak, mineral ores
FAMOUS TOWNS in WORLD
Name
Famous For
No 10, Downing Street
Official residence of the British Prime Minister.
Abadan(Iran)
Famous for oil refinery
Alaska (U.S.A.)
In 1958 it was declared as 49th State of U.S.A. It is near Canada
Alexandria
City and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great. Handles about 80% of the country's exports.
Angkor Wat
Ruined temple in Cambodia. Signposts of ancient oriental civilisation.
Aswam Dam
A dam in Egypt across the River Nile.
Baku
Oilfields of Azerbaijan.
Bastille
It was a Jail in Paris. Destroyed during the French Revolution.
Beding (Australia)
Famous for gold mines.
Bethlehem
A town Palestine, the birth place of Christ.
Bikini Atoll
In Pacific Ocean, where first hydrogen bomb was tested by U.S.A.
Bikini
An atoll of the Marshall Islands. Atomb Bomb was dropped here experimentally in 1948.
Bratislava
A town in Czechoslovakia on Czech-Russian border.
Buckingham Palace
London residence of the British monarch.
Chushul
In Ladakh, highest airfield in the world. Chinese troops attacked it in 1962.
Corsica
An island where Napoleon was born.
Detroit (U.S.A)
The biggest car manufacturing town in the world.
Elephanta Caves (India)
Situated in an island 15 miles from Bombay. Famous for the statues of Siva and Parvati.
Fleet Street
Press Center in London.
Gaza Strip
In Egypt near Israeli border, was seat of United nations Emergency Force till 1957. Now under Israeli occupation.
Gibraltar
Key to Mediterranean, fortress and novel base situated on rock in the extreme South of Spain.
Golden Temple (India)
Famous temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar, constructed by Guru Ram Dass.
Hiroshima
An industrial center of Japan which was destroyed by atom bomb in 1945.
Hollywood (California. U.S.A.)
Famous for film industry
Hyde Park
A huge park in London.
Jerusalem
City in Israel. Jesus Christ was crucified here (now capital of Israel)
Khajuraho
It is the State of chattarpur, Bundelkhand in Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for Mahadev Temple.
Khorkov
Important town of Ukraine, manufactures motor cars, tractors and agricultural machinery.
Lop Nor
Palace in Sinkiang (Red China), site for atomic tests.
Los Angeles A part of California (U.S.A.)
The famous film industry of Hollywood is established here. It is famous as Cinima City of the world.
Lusaka
Venue of non-aligned nations summit in September 1970. Capital of Zambia.
Manchester (U.K.)
Cotton manufacturing city. It is one of the world's biggest cloth manufacturing center.
Marseilles
City and Seaport of Southern France. Famous for silk, wine, olive soap, margarine and candles.
Mecca (Saudi Arabia)
Sacred place of the Muslims because Prophet Mohammed was born here.
Montreal
Longest city of Canada. Famous for iron and steel works and motor car factories.
Nagasaki (Japan)
It is noted for its iron and steel industries. Atom was dropped here during World War II.
New Castle
An important port on the Tyne in England, famous for coal industry.
New Orleans (U.S.A.)
It is the greatest cotton and wheat exporting center in the world.
Osaka (Japan)
Known as the Manchester of Japan. It is sometimes called the Venice of Japan.
Pisa
In Italy, famous for Leaning Tower, one of the seven wonders of the world.
Pentagon
Headquarters of American Defence Forces.
Phnom-Penh
Capital of Cambodia.
Plais Des Nations
Venue in Geneva for holding international conferences.
Potala
Dalai Lama's palace at Lhasa (Tibet).
Sinai
Peninsula of Egypt between the Gulfs of Suez and Aquba, at the head of Red Sea.
Seychelles
Island in Indian Ocean, got freedom on June 28, 1976.
Sodom
In Israel, the lowest point on earth.
Vatican
Official residence of the Pope of Rome.
Versaillers (France)
Famous for the treaty of Versailles which ended World War I in 1918.
Vienna
Capital of Austria. The venue of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) between Russia and U.S.A.
Walling Wall
Part of the Western Wall of the Temple Court in Jerusalem. Part of the wall, probably dates from the time of Solomon, is regarded by both Jews and Moslems as one of special sanctity.
Wall Street
In Manhattan, New York, famous for American's stock exchange market.
White House
The official residence of the President of U.S.A. in Washington D.C.
Zurich (Switzerland)
Famous for the manufacture of cotton and silk and for its lenses.
FAMOUS PLACES IN WORLD
Place
Famous For
AUROVILLE
UNESCO sponsored world's first international town near Pondichery in Tamil Nadu named after Aurobindo Ghose. The town with an area of 15sq. miles and a population of 50,000 will be a self-supporting township having gour zones, viz., cultural, industrial, residential and international. It was inaugurated on February 28,1963.
ABU SIMBAL (U.S.A.)
A monument executed by UNSCO in Egypt, the famous temple at Nybia (Egypt) was facing submergence as result of the construction of Aswan Dam. UNSCO has reconstructed it at a cost of 36 million dollars and was inaugurated on 12th Sept. 1968.
ADAM'S BRIDGE
Sand and rock bridge between Sri Lanka and India. Legent has is that was constructed by Lord Rama when he was in invade Lanka of Ravana.
ALICE SPRINGS (Australia)
Spring with medicinal properties.
BIG BEN
Name given to the big clock of the British Parliament building.
BILLING'S GATE
London fish market. As a term, it means foul language.
DODOMA
This is going to be the new capital of Tanzania in place of Dar-es-Salam.
EIFFEL TOWER
985 feet high tower in Paris build by Gustav Effel in 1887-89 at a cost of 2,00,000
ELBA
An isolated island in the Meduterranean Sea, where Napoleon was exiled in 1841.
ELLORA
Famous for rock-pruned Kailash Temple (Aurangabad) in Maharashtra. An exquisite piece of Dravidian art. Ellora cave temples, 34 in number, present a blend of caves representing Buddhism and Jainism constructed in 8th century A.D.
ELYSEE PALACE
Official residence of the President of France. It was the venue of Paris Peace parleys on Vietnam.
EMPIRE STATE BUILDING (U.S.A)
World's one of the loftiest structures. It has 103 storeys and a height of 1200 feet.
ESCURIAL
One of the longest palaces in Spain.
TOWNS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIES
TOWN
STATE
INDUSTRY
Aliabet
Gujarat
Oil Well
Alwaye
Kerala
Aluminium, Monazite; Rare Earth's Factory
Ambarnath
Maharashtra
Machine Tools Prototype Factory
Anand
Gujarat
Amul Butter, Cheese and Baby Food
Arvi (near Pune)
Maharashtra
TV Reception Station; Satellite Communication
Avadi, Chennai
Tamil Nadu
Heavy Vehicles; 'Vijayanta'Tank
Bailadila
Madhya Pradesh
Iron ore; Machanised mine
Barauni
Bihar
Oil Refinery
Baroda
Gujarat
Heavy Water Plant
Basti
Uttar Pradesh
Fruit Research
Bhadravati
Karnataka
Alloy Steel
Bhandara
Maharashtra
Explosives
Bhatinda
Punjab
Thermal Plant
Bhestan
Gujarat
Nylon
Bhilai
Madhya Pradesh
Steel Plant
Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh
Heavy Electricals
Bodra
West Bengal
Oil
Bokajan
Assam
Cement Plant
Bokaro
Bihar
Steel Plant
Burnpur and Kulti
West Bengal
Iron and Steel
Cambay
Gujarat
Petroleum
Chandiharh
The Capital of Punjab and Haryana
The beautiful City designed bylate Mons. Corbusier
Chandrapura
Bihar
Thermal Power
Chittaranjan
West Bengal
Locomotive
Cochain
Kerala
Shipbuilding
Debari (near Udaipur)
Rajasthan
Zinc
Dhuvaran
Gujarat
Thermal Power
Doiwala (near Dehra Dun)
U.P
Satellite Earth Station
Durgapur
West Bengal
Steel Plant; Dry Ice
Ennore
Tamil Nadu
Thermal POwer
Ernakulam
Kerala
Cables
Gomia
Bihar
Explosives
Gopalpur-on-Sea
Orrisa
Guided Missiles Centre
Haldia
West Bengal
Oil Refinery
Harduaganj
Uttar Pradesh
Thermal Power
Hissar
Haryana
Indo-Australian Shep-Farm
Hoshangabad
Madhya Pradesh
Security Paper Mill
Hyderabad
Andhra Pradesh
HTM Hydraulic Press
Jabalpur
Madhya Pradesh
Vehicles-"Shakti-man" and "Nissan"
Jaduguda
Bihar
Uranium ore Mill
Jalsindhi
Maharashtra
Hydroelectric
Jawalamukhi
Himachal Pradesh
Petroleum
Jetsar
Rajasthan
Mrchanized Farm
Changed Names of Important Countries, States & Places
OLD NAME
CHANGED NAME
Abyssinia
Ethiopia
Angora
Ankara
Basutoland
Lesotho
Batavia
Djakarta
Burma
Mayanmar
Bechuanaland
Botswana
British Guiana
Guyana
Combodia
Kampuchea
Cape Canaveral
Cape Kennedy
Ceylon
Sri Lanka
Christina
Oslo
Congo
Zaire
Constantinople
Istanbul
Dacca
Dhaka
Dutch East Indies
Indonesia
Dutch Guiana
Surinam
Formosa
Taiwan
Gold Coast
Ghana
Hollad
The Netherlands
Japan
Nippon
Malaya
Malaysia
Manchukuo
Manchuri
Mesopotamia
Iraq
Northern Rhodesia
Zambia
Nyasaland
Malawi
Peking (China)
Beijing
Persia
Iran
Rangoon
Yongon
Rhodesia
Zimbabwe
Salisbury
Harare
Sam
Thailand
South-West Africa
Namibia
Thanganyika Zanzibar
Tanzania
SOBRIQUESTS
PRIMARY NAMES
SOBRIQUETS
Aberdeen, Scotland
The Granite City
Africa
The Dark Continent
Amristsar, India
The City of the Golden Temple
Atlantic Ocean
The Herring Pond
Australia
The Land of the Golden Fleece,The Land of the Kangaroo
Bab-el-mandab
The Gate of Tears
Banrain
Island of Pearls
Bangalore, India
The Garden City of India
Belgium
The Cockpit of Europe
Belgtade, Yugoslavia
White City
Bombay, India
The Gateway of India
Broadway, New York
The Great White Way
Burma (Mayanmar)
The Land of the Golden Pagoda
Calcutta, India
The City of Palaces
Canada
The Land of Lilies, The Land of Maple
Chicago, USA
Windy City
Cochin, India
The Venice of the East, The Queen of the Arabian Sea
Cuba
The Pearl of the Antilles
Egypt
The Gift of the Nile
Finland
The Land of Thousand Lakes
Gibraltar
The key of the Mediterranean
Guinea Coast
White Man's Grave
River Hwang Ho, china
The Sorrow of China
Ireland
The Emerald Island
Jaipur
The Rose Pink City
MOUNTAINS,PEAKS OF THE WORLD
MOUNTAIN
HEIGHT IN METERS
RANGE
CONQUERED ON
Mount Everest
8,848
Himalayas
May 29, 1953
K-2 (Godwin Austin)
8,611
Karakoram
July 31, 1954
Kanchenjunga
8,597
Himalayas
May 25, 1955
Lhotse
8,511
Himalayas
May 18, 1956
Makalu I
8,481
Himalayas
May 15, 1955
Dhaulagiri I
8,167
Himalayas
May 13, 1960
Manaslu
8,156
Himalayas
May 9, 1956
Cho Uyo
8,153
Himalayas
Oct 19, 1954
Nanga Parbat
8,124
Himalayas
July 3, 1953
Annapurna I
8,078
Himalayas
June 3, 1950
Gasherbrum I
8,068
Karakoram
July 5, 1958
Broad Peak I
8,047
Karakoram
June 9, 1957
Gasherbrum II
8,034
Karakoram
July 7, 1956
Shisha Pangma (Gasainthan)
8,013
Himalayas
May 2, 1964
Gasherbrum III
7,952
Karakoram
Aug 11, 1975
Annapurna II
7,937
Himalayas
May 17, 1960
Gasherbrum IV
7,923
Karakoram
Aug 6, 1958
Cyachug Kang
7,921
Himalayas
Apr 10, 1964
Kangbachen
7,902
Himalayas
May 26, 1974
Disteghil Sar I
7,884
Karakoram
June 9, 1960
Himal Chuli
7,864
Himalayas
May 24, 1960
Khinyang Chchish
7,852
Karakoram
Aug 26, 1971
Nuptse
7,841
Himalayas
Oct 1970
Gasherbrum East
7,821
Karakoram
July 5, 1960
Nanda Devi
7,816
Himalayas
Aug 29, 1936
Chomo Lonzo
7,815
Himalayas
Oct 30, 1954
Ngojumba Ri I
7,805
Himalayas
May 5, 1965
Rakaposhi
7,788
Karakoram
June 25, 1988
Batura Muztagh I
7,785
Karakoram
July 30, 1976
Zemu Gap Peak
7,780
Himalayas
Unclimbed
Kanjut Sar
7,760
Karakoram
July 19, 1939
Kamet
7,756
Himalayas
June 21, 1931
VOLCANOES
Name
Country
Date of Last NotifiedEruption
Ojos dei Saldo
Argentina-Chile
1981- Steams
Guallatiri
Chile
1960
Cotopaxi
Ecuador
1975
Lascar
Chile
1968
Tupungatito
Chile
1964
Popocatepetl
Mexico
1920- Steams
Nevado del Ruiz
Colombia
1985
Sangay
Ecuador
1976
Klyuchevskaya Sopka
Russia
1974
Purace
Colombia
1977
Mauna Loa
USA
1978
Tacana
Guatemala
Rumbles
Cameroon Mt.
Cameroon
1959
Erebus
Antarctica
1975
Rindjiani
Indonesia (Lombok)
1966
Pico de Teide
Spain
1909
Semeru
Indonesia (Java)
1976
Nyirangongo
Zaire
1977
Mt. Etna
Italy
Active
Mt. Unzen
Japan
1991 (after 200 yrs)
mt.Pinatubo
Philippines
1991 (after 600 yrs)
Barren Island (andaman)
India
Active
Tajumulco
Guatemala
Rumbles
SOME HIGHEST WATERFALLS
Name
Location
Height in Metres
Angel
Venezuela
807
Tugela
Natal, South Africa
410
Kukenaam
Venezuela
610
Sutnerland
South Island, N.Z
589
Takkakaw
British Columbia
503
Ribbon (Yoesmite)
California
491
Upper Yosemite
California
436
Gavarnie
South-West France
421
Vettifoss
Norway
366
Widows' Tears (Yosemite)
California
357
Stubbach
Switzerland
300
Middle Cascade (Yosemite)
California
227
King Edward VIII
Guyana
259
Gersoppa
India
253
Kaieteur
Guyana
251
Skykje
Norway
250
Kalambo
Trnzania-Zambia
426
Fairy (Mt.Rainier Park)
Washington
213
Trummelbach
Switzerland
213
Aniene (Teverpne)
Italy
207
Cascata delle Marmore
Italy
198
Maradalsfos
Norway
196
Feather
California
195
Maletsunyane
Lesotho
192
Bridalveli (Yosemite)
California
189
Multnomah
Oregon
189
Voringsfos
Norway
182
Nevada (Yosemite)
California
181
Skjeggedal
Norway
160
Marina
Guyana
152
LARGEST LAKES OF THE WORLD
Name and Location
Area in Sq.Km.
Caspian Sea, Russia
393,898
Superior, U.S.A. Canada
82,814
Nyanza, Tansania-Uganda, Kenya
69,485
Aral Russia
66,457
Huron, U.S.A. Canada
59,596
Michigan, U.S.A.
58,016
Tanzania-Zaire, Zambia 4
38,893
Baikal, Russia
31,500
Great Bear, Canada
31,080
Nyasa, Malawi-Mozambique-Tanzania
30,044
Great Salve, Canada
28,930
Chad, Chad-Niger-Nigeria, Cameroon
25,760
Erie, U.S.A.-Canada
25,719
Winnipeg, Canada
23,533
Ontario, U.S.A.-Canada
19,477
Balkash, Russia
18,428
Ladoga, Russia
18,130
Onega
9,891
Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru
8,135
Nicaragua, Nicaragua
8,001
Athabaska, Canada
7,920
Rudolf, Kenya, Ethiopia
6,405
Reindeer, Canada
6,330
Eyre, SouthAustralia
6,216
Issyk-Kul, Russia
6,200
Urmia, Iran
6,001
Torrens, South Australia
5,698
Vanern, Sweden
5,545
Winnipegosis, Canada
5,403
Mobutu Sese Seko, Uganda
5,299
Nettilling, Baffin Island, Canada
5,051
Nipigon, Canada
4,843
Manitoba, Canada
4,706
Great Salt, U.S.A.
4,662
Kiogo, Uganda
4,403
Koko-Nor, China
4,222
CONTINENTS
Name
Area in Square Kilometers
% of Earth's Area
Highest Point in meters[sea-level]
Lowest Point in meters[sea-level]
Asia
43 998 000
29.5
Everest [8848]
Dead Sea [-396.8]
Africa
29 800 000
20.0
Kilimanjaro [5894]
Dead Sea [-156.1]
North America
21 510 000
16.3
McKinely [6194]
Death Valley [-85.9]
South America
17 598 000
11.8
Aconcagua [6960]
Valdes Penin [-39.9]
Europe
9 699 550
6.5
Elbrus [5663]
Caspian Sea [-28.0]
Australia
7 699 000
5.2
Kosciusko [2228]
Lake Eyre [-15.8]
Antarctica
13 600 000
9.6
Vinson Massif [5140]
World's Deserts
Name
Area in Sq. Km
Territories
The Sahara
84,00,000
Algeria Chad, Libya, Mauritania, Sudan,Tunisia, Egypt, Motocca, etc.
Australian Desert
15,50,000
Australia, Great Victoria, Simpson, etc.
Arabian Desert
13,00,000
Southern Arabia, Iraq, Yamen etc.
The Gobi
10,40,000
Mongolia and China
Kalahari Desert
5,20,000
Botswana
Takla Makan
3,20,000
Sinkiang, China
Sonoran Desert
3,10,000
Arizona and California, U.S.A., and Mexico
Namib Desert
3,10,000
Namibia
Kara Kum
2,70,000
Turkmanistan
Thar Desert
2,60,000
Northwestern India and Pakistan
Somall Desert
2,60,000
Somalia
Atacama Desert
1,80,000
Northern Chile
Kizil Kum
1,80,000
Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan
Dasht-e-Lut
52,000
Eastern Iran
Mojave Desert
35,000
Southern Californis
Desierto De Sechura
26,000
North-West 'Peru'
Islands of the World
Island
Area in Sq.Km
Location
Greenland
North Atlalntic
2,175,600
New Guinea
South-West Pacific
777,000
Borneo
West mid-Pacific
725,545
Madagascar
Indian Ocean
587,042
Baffin
North Atlantic
476,065
Sumatra
Northeast Indian Ocean
473,600
Honshu
Sea of Jappan-Pacific
228,000
Great Britain
Off Coast North-West Europe
218,041
Ellesmere
Artic Ocean
196,236
Victoria I
Artic Ocean
212,197
Celebes
West Mid-Pacific
189,035
South Islands
South Pacific
150,460
Java
Indiand Ocean
126,295
North Island
South Pacific
114,687
Cuba
Carribbean Sea
114,522
Newfoundland
North Atlantic
112,300
Luzon
West mid-Pacific
104,688
Iceland
North Atlantic
102,999
Mindanao
West mid-Pacific
94,226
Ireland
West of Great Britain
82,460
Hokkaido
Sea of Japan-Pacific
77,900
Hispaniola
Caribbean Sea
76,192
Tasmania
South of Australia
67,900
Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
Indian Ocean
65,600
Sakhalin (Karafuto)
North of Japan
63,610
Banks
Artic Ocean
60,166
Devon
Artic Ocean
54,030
Kyushu
Sea of Japan-Pacific
42,018
Melville
Artic Ocean
41,805
Axel Heriberg
Artic Ocean
40,868
Southampton
Hudson bay
40,663
Cities Situated on River Sides
CITY
RIVER
COUNTRY
Alexandria
Nile
Egypt
Amsterdam
Amsel
Netherlands
Antwerp
Scheidt
Belgium
Baghded
Tigris
Iraq
Bangkok
Menam
Thailand
Belgrade
Danube
Yugoslavia
Berlin
Spree
Germany
Bonn
Rhine
Germany
Budapest
Danube
Hungary
Cairo
Nile
Egypt
Canton
Canton
China
Glasgow
Clyde
Scotland
Hamburg
Elbe
Germany
Karachi
Indus
Pakistan
Lahore
Ravi
Pakistan
London
Thames
England
Montreal
Ottawa
Canada
Moscow
Moskow
Russia
New York
Hudson
U.S.A.
Paris
Seine
France
Quebec
St.Lawrence
Canada
Rangoon
Irrawadi
Mayanmar
Rome
Tiber
Italy
Tokyo
Sumida
Japan
Vienna
Danube
Austria
Warswa
Vistula
Poland
Delhi
Yamuna
India
RIVERS
RIVER
OUTFLOW
LENGTH
Nile
Mediterranean Sea
6,690
Amazon
Atlantic Ocean
6,296
Mississippi Missouri-Red Rock
Gulf of Mexico
6,020
Yangtze-Kiang
China Sea
5,797
Ob
Gulf of Ob
5,567
Yellow (Hwang Ho)
Gulf of Chihli
4,667
Yenisey
Arctic Ocean
4,506
Parana
Rio de la plata
4,498
Irtish
Ob River
4,438
Congo
Atlantic Ocean
4,371
Amur
Tatar Strait
4,352
Lena
Artic Ocean
4,268
Mackenzie
Beaufort Sea (Artic Ocean)
4,241
Niger
Gulf of Guinea
4,184
Mekong
South China Sea
4,023
Mississippi
Gulf of Mexico
3,779
Missouri
Mississippi River
3,726
Volga
Caspian Sea
3,687
Maderia
Amazon River
3,238
Purus
Amazon River
3,207
Sao Francisco
Atlantic Ocean
3,198
St. Lawrence
Gulf of St. Lawrence
3,058
Yukon
Bering Sea
3,058
Rio Grande
Gulf of Mexico
3,034
Brahmaputra
Ganges River
2,897
Indus
Arabian Sea
2,897
Danube
Black Sea
2,842
Euphrates
Shatt-al-Arab
2,799
Darling
Murray River
2,739
Zambezi
Mozambique Channel
2,736
Tocantins
Para River
2,699
Murrary
Indian Ocean
2,589
Nelson
Hudson Bay
2,574
Paraguay
Parana River
2,549
Ural
Caspian Sea
2,533
Ganges
Bay of Bengal
2,506
Amu Darya (Oxus)
Aral Sea
2,414
Japura
Amazon River
2,414
Salween
Gulf of Martaban
2,414
Arkansas
Mississippi River
2,333
Colorado
Gulf of California
2,333
Dnieper
Black Sea
2,284
Ohio Alledheny
Mississippi River
2,102
Irrawaddy
Bay of Bengal
2,092
Orange
Atlantic Ocean
2,092
Orinoco
Atlantic Ocean
2,062
Pilcomayo
Paraguay River
1,999
Xi Jiang (Si Kiang)
China Sea
1,989
Columbia
Pacific Ocean
1,983
Don
Sea of Azov
1,968
Sungari
Amur River
1,955
Saskatchewan
Lake Winnipeg
1,939
Peace
Great Slave River
1,923
Tigris
Shatt-al-Arb
1,899
SEAS
SEAS
Area In Sq. Km
Average Depth in Meters
South China Sea
2,974,600
1,200
Caribbean Sea
2,753,000
2,400
Mediterranean Sea
2,503,000
1,485
Bering Sea
2,268,180
1,400
Gulf of Mexico
1,542,985
1,500
Sea of Okhotsk
1,527,570
840
East China Sea
1,249,150
180
Hudson Bay
1,232,300
120
East Sea
1,007,500
1,370
Andaman Sea
797,700
865
North Sea
575,300
90
Black Sea
461,980
1,100
Red Sea
437,700
490
Baltic Sea
422,160
55
Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf)
238,790
24
Gulf of St. Lawrence
237,760
120
Gulf of California
162,000
810
English Cannel
89,900
54
Irish Sea
88,550
60
Bass Strait
75,000
70
Geographical Terms
ANTIPODES
A region or place on the opposite side of a point on the earth.
ANTICYCLONES
Winds which blow outward from the center.
APHELION
Position of the earth in its orbit when is at the maximum distance from the sun.
ARCHIPELAGO
A cluster of islands, e.g., Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama.
ATOLL
Coral reef resembling a horse shoe, enclosing a lagoon.
AXIS
An imaginary line joining north and south poles.
AVALANCHE
A vast mass of snow mixed with earth or stones.
BIOSPHERE
Animate or inanimate organic kingdom on earth.
CANYON
A deep valley cut by a river through a mountain region, e,g., the Grand Canyon of the Colarado river in the USA.
CONTINENTAL SHELF
Land adjoining a continent submerged in the sea.
CYCLONES
A low pressure system area in which the wind blows spirally inward.
CROP ROTATION
Growing different crops needing different minerals for their growth in the same piece of land in order to get more yield.
DATE LINE
An imaginary line pointing north-south approximating to the Meridian 180 (east or west) where the date changes by one day the moment it is crossed.
DELTA
Alluvial deposit shaped like Greek letter, formed at the mouth of the river, where it falls into the sea, e.g., the Sunderban delta.
DEW
Condensed atmospheric water vapours due to the cooling of the air.
DRY FARMING
Growing of crops in low rainfall areas by moisture conservation, crop rotation but without irrigation.
EQUATOR
An imaginary line dividing the earth into two equal parts.
EQUINOXES
The day on which nights and days are of equal duration, e.g., March 22 and September 23.
EROSION
Wearing away of the earth's land surface by rain, wind, water, etc. rendering the land infertile.
ECLIPSE
When one earthly body obscures another one partially or completely.
FOG
When the atmospheric moisture touches cold earth and condenses on dust particles.
FROST
When the atmospheric moisture deposits in the shape of icy flakes on the exposed objects or near the ground due to below freezing point temperature.
HIGH SEAS
The parts of the sea which do not come under the territorial jurisdiction of the nations.
ICEBERG
Huge mass of ice separated from glacier in the polar regions. These masses of ice float in the oceans with 9 parts submerged in the ocean and one part visible.
ISOBARS
Lines on the map connecting the places of the same pressure.
ISOTHERMS
Lines on the map joining the places of the same temperature.
ISTHMUS
Narrow neck of land joining two land areas.
KUNDAN
Anew variety of wheat which gives high yields in both rained and irrigated tracts and responds well to low dose of water and fertiliser.
LAGOON
A shallow stream of water at the mouth of a river enclosed bu dunes of river silt.
LIGHT YEAR
The distance traveled by light in one year. It is equal to 9.4*10612 km.
LOCAL TIME
Time calculated from the sun at noon at any place of earth.
MERIDIAN
Imaginary line joining north and south poles and cutting the equator at right angles.
MIST
It is just like fog but contain more moisture.
OASIS
A part of the desert where water and vegetation are found.
ORBIT
The path of the heavenly bodies.
PYGMALLION POINT
The southernmost point of India, 700 km away from mainland India.
PRAIRIES
Smooth, treeless, green plain of Central and North America.
REEF
Jutting of rock or shingle or sand at just above or below sea level.
SAVANNA
Land covered with natural grass.
SIDEREAL DAY
Time taken by the earth to rotate once round its axis.
SNOW LINE
Altitudinal line along which the area remains snow clad.
SPRING TIDES
Higher tides in the ocean caused by the sun and the moon together. When the sun, the earth and the moon are positioned in a straight line.
NEAP TIDES
Tides caused by the differences of the forces exerted by the moon and the sun when both are at right angles to each other.
TORNADO
A brisk and violent storm generally having rotator motion.
TUNDRAS
Peripheral area of Arctic ocean.
TYCOON
Violent hurricane in China Sea.
WEATHER SATELLITE
Artificial satellite designed to forecast weather.
WESTERLIES
Constant winds blowing from south-west in the northern hemisphere and north-west in south hemisphere.
CONTINENTS (by size)
#1 Asia
44,579,000 sq km
#2 Africa
30,065,000 sq km
#3 North America
24,256,000 sq km
#4 South America
17,819,000 sq km
#5 Antarctica
13,209,000 sq km
#6 Europe
9,938,000 sq km
#7 Australia/Oceania
7,687,000 sq km
CONTINENTS (by population)
#1 Asia
3,674,000,000
#2 Africa
778,000,000
#3 Europe
732,000,000
#4 North America
483,000,000
#5 South America
342,000,000
#6 Australia/Oceania
31,000,000
#7 Antarctica
0
CONTINENTS (by the number of countries)
#1 Africa
53
#2 Asia
44
#3 Europe
46
#4 North America
23
#5 Australia/Oceania
14
#6 South America
12
LARGEST COUNTRIES (by land mass)
Russia 17,075,400 sq km, (6,592,846 sq miles)
Canada 9,330,970 sq km, (3,602,707 sq miles)
China 9,326,410 sq km, (3,600,947 sq miles)
United States 9.166,600 sq km, (3,539,242 sq miles)
Brazil 8,456,510 sq km, (3,265,075 sq miles)
Australia 7,617,930 sq km, (2,941,283 sq miles)
India 2,973,190 sq km, (1,147,949 sq miles)
Argentina 2,736,690 sq km, (1,056,636 sq miles)
Kazakhstan 2,717,300 sq km, (1,049,150 sq miles)
Sudan 2,376,000 sq km, (917,374 sq miles)
SMALLEST COUNTRIES (by land mass)
Vatican City 0.44 sq km, (0.17 sq miles)
Monaco 1.95 sq km, (0.75 sq miles)
Nauru 21.2 sq km, (8.2 sq miles)
Tuvalu 26 sq km, (10 sq miles)
San Marino 61 sq km, (24 sq miles)
Liechtenstein 160 sq km, (62 sq miles)
Marshall Islands 181 sq km, (70 sq miles)
Seychelles 270 sq km, (104 sq miles)
Maldives 300 sq km, (116 sq miles)
St. Kitts and Nevis 360 sq km, (139 sq miles)
OLDEST COUNTRIES
San Marino (301 AD)
France (486 AD)
Denmark (950 AD)
Portugal (1143 AD)
Andorra (1278 AD)
Switzerland (1291 AD)
YOUNGEST COUNTRIES
East Timor (2002)
Palau (1994)
Czech Republic (1993)
Eritrea (1993)
Slovakia (1993)
Bosnia/Hertzegovina (1992)
RICHEST COUNTRIES (GNP in USA Dollars)
Luxembourg ($45,360)
Switzerland ($44,355)
Japan ($41,010)
Liechtenstein ($40,000)
Norway ($34,515)
POOREST COUNTRIES (GNP in USA Dollars)
Mozambique ($80)
Somalia ($100)
Eritrea ($100)
Ethiopia ($100)
Congo, DNC ($100)
COUNTRIES WITH MOST LAND BORDERS (The Most Neighboring Countries)
China (14)
Russian Federation (14)
Brazil (10)
Congo, Germany and Sudan (9)
Austria, France, Tanzania, Turkey and Zambia (8)
LARGEST METRO AREAS IN THE WORLD
Toyko, Japan 31.4 million
New York City - Philadelphia area, USA 30.05 million
Mexico City, Mexico 20.98 million
Seoul, South Korea 19.85 million
Sao Paulo, Brazil 18.5 million
Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto, Japan 17.6 million
Jakarta, Indonesia 17.58 million
New Delhi, India 16.7 million
Mumbai, India (Bombay) 16.69 million
Los Angeles, USA 16.62 million
al-Qahira, Egypt 15.5 million
Calcutta, India 13.8 million
Manila, Philippines 13.5 million
Buenos Aires, Argentina 12.91 million
Moscow, Russian Fed. 12.1 million
MAJOR RIVERS (By Length)
Nile, Africa (6,825 km)
Amazon, South America (6,437 km)
Chang Jiang (Yangtze), Asia (6,380 km)
Mississippi, North America (5,971 km)
Yenisey-Angara, Asia (5,536 km)
Huang (Yellow), Asia (5,464 km)
Ob-Irtysh, Asia (5,410 km)
Amur, Asia (4,416 km)
Lena, Asia (4,400 km)
Congo, Africa (4,370 km)
Mackenzie-Peace, North America (4,241 km)
Mekong, Asia (4,184 km)
Niger, Africa (4,171 km)
MAJOR LAKES (By Size)
Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (371,000 sq km)
Superior, North America (82,100 sq km)
Victoria, Africa (69,500 sq km)
Huron, North America (59,600 sq km)
Michigan, North America (57,800 sq km)
Tanganyika, Africa (32,900 sq km)
Baikal, Asia (31,500 sq km)
Great Bear, North America (31,300 sq km)
Aral Sea, Asia (30,700 sq km)
Malawi, Africa (28,900 sq km)
Great Slave, Canada (28,568 sq km)
Erie, North America (25,667 sq km)
Winnipeg, Canada (24,387 sq km)
Ontario, North America (19,529 sq km)
Balkhash, Kazakhstan (18,300 sq km)
DEEPEST LAKES (By Greatest Depth)
Baikal, Russian Fed. (5,315 ft)
Tanganyika, Africa (4,800 ft)
Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (3,363 ft)
Malawi or Nyasa, Africa (2,317 ft)
Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan (2,303 ft)
TOP 10 TALLEST MOUNTAINS (By Size)
Mount Everest 8850m (29035 ft) Nepal
Qogir (K2) 8611m (28250 ft) Pakistan
Kangchenjunga 8586m (28169 ft) Nepal
Lhotse 8501m (27920 ft) Nepal
Makalu I 8462m (27765 ft) Nepal
Cho Oyu 8201m (26906 ft) Nepal
Dhaulagiri 8167m (26794 ft) Nepal
Manaslu I 8156m (26758 ft) Nepal
Nanga Parbat 8125m (26658 ft) Pakistan
Annapurna I 8091m (26545 ft) Nepal
TALLEST MOUNTAINS (On Each Continent)
Mount Everest 8850m (29035ft) Asia
Aconcagua 6959m (22831ft) S. America
Mount McKinley 6194m (20320ft) N. America
Mount Kilimanjaro 5963m (19563ft) Africa
Mount Elbrus 5633m (18481ft) Europe
Puncak Jaya 4884m (16023ft) Oceania
Vinson Massif 4897m (16066ft) Antarctica
HIGHEST/LOWEST SURFACE POINTS (Below Sea Level, On Each Continent)
Dead Sea, Asia -409 meters
Lake Assal, Africa -156 meters
Death Valley, North America -86 meters
Valds Peninsula, South America -40 meters
Caspian Sea, Europe -28 meters
Lake Eyre, Australia -16 meters
Antarctica (ice covered) -2,538 meters
Cities Situated on River Sides
CITY
RIVER
COUNTRY
Alexandria
Nile
Egypt
Amsterdam
Amsel
Netherlands
Antwerp
Scheidt
Belgium
Baghded
Tigris
Iraq
Bangkok
Menam
Thailand
Belgrade
Danube
Yugoslavia
Berlin
Spree
Germany
Bonn
Rhine
Germany
Budapest
Danube
Hungary
Cairo
Nile
Egypt
Canton
Canton
China
Glasgow
Clyde
Scotland
Hamburg
Elbe
Germany
Karachi
Indus
Pakistan
Lahore
Ravi
Pakistan
London
Thames
England
Montreal
Ottawa
Canada
Moscow
Moskow
Russia
New York
Hudson
U.S.A.
Paris
Seine
France
Quebec
St.Lawrence
Canada
Rangoon
Irrawadi
Mayanmar
Rome
Tiber
Italy
Tokyo
Sumida
Japan
Vienna
Danube
Austria
Warswa
Vistula
Poland
Delhi
Yamuna
India
DRIEST INHABITED PLACES (Rain fall in inches per year)
Aswan, Egypt 0.02"
Luxor, Egypt 0.03"
Arica Desert, Chile 0.04"
Ica, Peru 0.1"
Antofagasta, Chile 0.2"
El Minya, Egypt 0.2"
Asyut, Egypt 0.2"
WETTEST INHABITED PLACES (Rain fall in inches per year)
Buenaventira, Colombia 267"
Monrovia, Liberia 202"
Pagp Pago, American Samoa 198"
Moulein, Burma (Myanmar 192" )
Lae, Papua New Guinea 183"
Sylhet, Bangladesht 178"
Indian States International Boundaries
1
Bordering Pakistan
Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat.
2
Bordering China
Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh.
3
Bordering Nepal
Bihar, Uttaranchal, UP, Sikkim, West Bengal
4
Bordering Bangladesh
West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, Assam
5
Bordering Bhutan
West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam
6
Bordering Myanmar
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram
7
Bordering Afghanistan
Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan - occupied area
Heights of Some Important Indian Peaks
SNo
Peak
Height in metres above mean Sea Level
1
K2
8,611
2
Kanchen Junga
8,598
3
Nanga Parvat
8,126
4
Gasher Brum
8,068
5
Broad Peak
8,047
6
Disteghil Sar
7,885
7
Masher Brum E
7,821
8
Nanda Devi
7,817
9
Masher Brum W
7,806
10
Rakaposhi
7,788
11
Kamet
7,756
12
Saser Kangri
7,672
13
Skyang Kangri
7,544
14
Sia Kangri
7,422
15
Chaukhamba (Badrinath Peak)
7,138
16
Trisul West
7,138
17
Nunkun
7,135
18
Pauhunri
7,128
19
Kangto
7,090
20
Dunagiri
7,066
Hill Stations India
Hill Stations
State Name
Almora (Kumaon hills)
Uttar Pradesh
Cherrapunji (Shillong)
Meghalaya
Coonoor (Nilgiri hills)
Tamil Nadu
Dalhousie
Himachal Pradesh
Darjeeling
West Bengal
Gulmarg
Kashmir (Highest)
Kasauli (Shimla)
Himachal Pradesh
Kodaikanal
Tamil Nadu
Mahabaleshwar
Maharashtra
Mt. Abu
Rajasthan
Mussoorie
Uttaranchal
Nainital
Uttaranchal
Ootacamund
Tamil Nadu
Pachmarhi
Madhya Pradesh
Ranchi
Jharkhand
Shillong (Khasi hills)
Meghalaya
Shimla
Himachal Pradesh
Srinagar
Jammu & Kashmir
Important Crops India
1
Rice
West Bengal, Punjab, UP
2
Wheat
UP, Punjab, Haryana
3
Maize
Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
4
Bajra
Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP
5
Jowar
Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, AP
6
TOTAL COARSE CEREALS
Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP
7
TOTAL PULSES
MP, UP, Maharashtra
8
TOTAL FOOD GRAINS
UP, Punjab, West Bengal
9
Groundnut
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
10
Rapeseed And Mustard
Rajasthan, UP, Haryana
11
Soyabean
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
12
Sunflower
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
13
TOTAL OIL SEEDS
MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
14
Sugarcane
UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka
15
Cotton
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
16
Jute and Mesta
WB, Bihar, Assam
17
Tea
Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh
18
Coffee
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
19
Rubber
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
20
Silk
Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh. In India all 4 varieties of silk are available; Mulberry, tussar, eri and muga. Mulberry is the main variety, while tussar is mainly found in Bihar.
21
Tobacco
Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Important Indian Town Rivers
SNo
Town
River
1
Allahabad
At the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna
2
Patna
Ganga
3
Varanasi
Ganga
4
Kanpur
Ganga
5
Hardwar
Ganga
6
Badrinath
Alaknanda
7
Agra
Yamuna
8
Delhi
Yamuna
9
Mathura
Yamuna
10
Ferozpur
Satluj
11
Ludhiana
Satluj
12
Srinagar
Jhelum
13
Lucknow
Gomti
14
Jaunpur
Gomti
15
Ayodhya
Saryu
16
Bareilly
Ram Ganga
17
Ahmedabad
Sabarmati
18
Kota
Chambal
19
Jabalpur
Narmada
20
Panji
Mandavi
21
Ujjain
Kshipra
22
Surat
Tapti
23
Jamshedpur
Swarnarekha
24
Dibrugarh
Brahmaputra
25
Guwahati
Brahmaputra
26
Kolkata
Hooghly
27
Sambalpur
Mahanadi
28
Cuttack
Mahanadi
29
Serirangapatnam
Cauvery
30
Hyderabad
Musi
31
Nasik
Godavari
32
Vijayvada
Krishna
33
Curnool
Tungabhadra
34
Tiruchirapalli
Cauvery
Important National Highways
SNo
National Highways
Connects
1
NH 1
New Delhi - Ambala - Jalandhar - Amritsar.
2
NH 2
Delhi - Mathura - Agra - Kanpur - Allahabad - Varanasi - Kolkata
3
NH 3
Agra - Gwalior - Nasik - Mumbai
4
NH 4
Thane and Chennai via Pune and Belgaun.
5
NH 5
Kolkata - Chennai
6
NH 6
Kolkata - Dhule
7
NH 7
Varanasi - Kanyakumari
8
NH 8
Delhi - Mumbai (Via Jaipur, Baroda and Ahmedabad)
9
NH 9
Mumbai - Vijaywada
10
NH 10
Delhi - Fazilka
Important Rivers India
SNo
Name
Origin From
Falls into
Length (km)
23
Tungabhadra
Western Ghats
Krishna river
640
1
Ganges
Combined Sources
Bay of Bengal
2525
2
Satluj
Mansarovar Rakas Lakes
Chenab
1050
3
Indus
Near Mansarovar Lake
Arabian Sea
2880
4
Ravi
Kullu Hills near Rohtang Pass
Chenab
720
5
Beas
Near Rohtang Pass
Satluj
470
6
Jhelum
Verinag in Kashmir
Chenab
725
7
Yamuna
Yamunotri
Ganga
1375
8
Chambal
M.P.
Yamuna
1050
9
Ghagra
Matsatung Glacier
Ganga
1080
10
Kosi
Near Gosain Dham Peak
Ganga
730
11
Betwa
Vindhyanchal
Yamuna
480
12
Son
Amarkantak
Ganga
780
13
Brahmaputra
Near Mansarovar Lake
Bay of Bengal
2900
14
Narmada
Amarkantak
Gulf of Khambat
1057
15
Tapti
Betul Distt. In M.P.
Gulf of Khambat
724
16
Mahanadi
Raipur Distt. In Chhatisgarh
Bay of Bengal
858
17
Luni
Aravallis
Rann of Kuchchh
450
18
Ghaggar
Himalayas
Near Fatehabad
494
19
Sabarmati
Aravallis
Gulf of Khambat
416
20
Krishna
Western Ghats
Bay of Bengal
0
21
Godavari
Nasik Distt. In Maharashtra
Bay of Bengal
1465
22
Cauvery
Brahmagir Range of Western Ghats
Bay of Bengal
805
Important River Valley Projects
Sno
Project Name
River Name
1
Bhakra Nangal Project
On Sutlaj in Punjab. Highest in India. Ht 226 m. Reservoir is called Gobind Sagar Lake.
2
Mandi Project
On Beas in HP
3
Chambal Valley Project
On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan. 3 dams are there: Gandhi Sagar Dam, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam.
4
Damodar Valley Project
On Damodar in Bihar. Based on Tennessee Valley Project, USA.
5
Hirakud Project
On Mahanadi in Orissa. World's longest dam: 4801m
6
Rihand Project
On Son in Mirzapur, Reservoir is called Govind Vallabh Pant reservoir.
7
Kosi Project
On Kosi in N.Bihar.
8
Mayurkashi Project
On Mayrukashi in WB.
9
Kakrapara Project
On Tapi in Gujarat.
10
Nizamsagar Project
On Manjra in AP.
11
Nagarjuna Sagar Project
On Krishna in AP
12
Tungabhadra Project
On Tungabhadra in AP & Karnataka
13
Shivasamudram Project
On Cauvery in Karnataka. It is the oldest river valley project of India.
14
Tata Hydel Scheme
On Bhima in Maharashtra
15
Sharavathi Hydel Project
On Jog Falls in Karnataka
16
Kundah & Periyar Project
In TN
17
Farakka Project
On Ganga in WB. Apart from power and irrigation it helps to remove silt for easy navigation.
18
Ukai Project
On Tapti in Gujarat
19
Mahi Project
On Mahi in Gujarat
20
Salal Project
On Chenab in J & K
21
Mata Tila Multipurpose Project
On Betwa in UP & MP
22
Thein Project
On Ravi, Punjab
23
Pong Dam
On Beas, Punjab
24
Tehri Project
On Bhgirathi, Uttaranchal
25
Sardar Sarovar Project
On Narmada, Gujarat/MP.
Lengths of Some Important Indian Rivers
SNo
River
Length (km)
1
Indus
3,000
2
Brahmaputra
2,900
3
Ganga
2,510
4
Godavari
1,450
5
Narmada
1,290
6
Krishna
1,290
7
Mahanadi
890
8
Cauvery
760
Major Ports in India
SNo
Western Coast
Eastern Coast
1
Kandla (Child of partition)
Kolkata - Haldia (riverine port)
2
Mumbai (busiest and biggest)
Paradip (exports raw iron into Japan)
3
Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing)
Vishakhapatnam (deepest port)
4
Marmugao (naval base also)
Chennai (oldest and artificial)
5
Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore)
Ennore (most modern in private hands)
6
Cochin (natural Harbour)
Tuticorin (southernmost)
Mineral Resources of India
1
Coal
West Bengal (Raniganj, Burdwan, Bankura, Purulia, Birbhum, Jalpaigudi, Darjeeling) Jharkhand (Jharia, Giridih, Kharhawadi, Bokaro, Hazaribagh, Karnapura, Rampur, Palamau), Orissa (Rampur, Hindgir, Talcher, Sambhal), Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh (Rewa, Pench valley, Umaria, Korba, Sohagpur, Mand river area, Kanha valley, Betul), etc. Power sector is the largest consumer of coal in India followed by steel industry, cement industry, etc.
2
Manganese
Orissa, Maharashtra (Nagpur, Bhandara, Ratnagiri), Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat, Chhindawara), Karnataka (Keonjhar, Bonai, Kalahandi), Andhra Pradesh (Kadur, Garibadi).
3
Copper
Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat), Rajasthan (Khetri), Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Masobani, Surda), Karnataka (Chitradurg, Hussan)
4
Mica
Jharkhand (Hazaribagh, Giridih, Kodarma, Bihar (Gaya, Bhagalpur), Andhra Pradesh (Guntur, Vizag, Kurnool), Rajasthan (Bhilwara, Udaipur, Jaipur)
5
Petroleum
Assam (Digboi, Naharkatiya, Badarpur, Masinpur and Pallharia), Gujarat (Ankleshwar, Khambat, Kalol), Mumbai High, Bassein (south of Mumbai High), etc. Recently oil has been discovered in Cauvery basin, Krishna and Godawari basin, Kharmbat basin, etc.
6
Oil Refineries
There are 18 refineries in India, 16 in public sector, one in joint sector and one in private sector. Public sector refineries are located at Digboi, Guwahati, Bongaigaon, Barauni, Haldia, Koyali, Mathura, Kochi, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Mumbai (2), Panipat, Narimanam, Numanigarh and Tatipaka. Joint sector refinery is at Mangalore. The private sector refinery of Reliance Limited is at Jamnagar.
7
Iron
India possesses Haematite, a very high-grade iron ore. In Madhya Pradesh (Bailadila, Jabalpur), Goa (North Goa), Karnataka (Bababudan hills, Chikmagalur, Hospet), Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Naomundi), Andhra Pradesh, Orissa India is the fifth largest exporter of Iron ore in the world. Japan is the biggest buyer accounting for about 3/4th of India's total exports. Major ports handling iron ore export are Vishakhapatnam, Paradip, Marmagao and Mangalore.
8
Bauxite
Chief ore for producing aluminium. In Orissa (Kalahandi, Koraput, Sundargarh, Bolangir, Sambalpur), Jharkhand (Lohardaga, Gumla), Madhya Pradesh (Jabalpur, Mandla, Shahdol, Katni, Balaghat), Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu
9
Gold
Karnataka (Kolar, Hutti, Raichur), Andhra Pradesh (Ramgiri and Yeppamanna goldfields in Chittor and Anantapur districts
10
Silver, Zinc and Lead
Rajasthan (Zawar mines near Udaipur), Andhra Pradesh (Mysore, Chitradurg), Karnataka (Kolar mines)
11
Uranium
Jharkhand (Jaduguda), Rajasthan (Ajmer), Andhra Pradesh (Nellore, Nalgonda), Karnataka (Gulbarga)
12
Thorium
Kerala coast (From Monazite sand), rocks of Aravallis in Rajasthan
National Parks and Wild Life Sanctuaries
1
Gir Forests
Home of Asiatic lion. In Gujarat
2
Kaziranga Sanctuary
One horned rhino. In Assam
3
Manas Sanctuary
One horned rhino. In Assam
4
Chandraprabha Sanctuary
II home of Asiatic Lion. In UP
5
Ghana of Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary
In Bharatpur, Rajasthan
6
Dachigam Sanctuary
For Hangul. In Kashmir
7
Corbett National Park
In Uttaranchal. Home of tiger
8
Kanha National Park
In MP
9
Shiv Puri National Park
In MP
10
Hazaribagh National Park
in Jharkhand
11
Periyar Game Sanctuary
In Kerala
12
Dudhwa National Park
In UP
13
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary
In TN
14
Nokrek National Park
In Meghalaya
15
Sariska Sanctuary
In Rajasthan
16
Ranthambhor National Park
In Rajasthan
17
Namdapha National Park
In Arunachal Pradesh
18
Keibul Lamjo Floating National Park
In Manipur
19
Palamau Tiger Project
In Bihar
20
Simlipal National Park
In Orissa
21
Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary
In Mysore, Karnataka
22
Nagarhole National Park
In Karnataka
23
Mudumalai Sanctuary
In TN
24
Balpakram Sanctuary
In Meghalaya
25
Bandipur Sanctuary
Along the Karnataka - Tamil Nadu border
26
Jaldapara Sanctuary
In West Bengal. For rhinos
27
Wild Ass Sanctuary
In Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. For wild ass.
Principal Rivers of the World
River
Source
Outflow
Length (km)
Nile
Tributaries of Lake Victoria, Africa
Mediterranean Sea
6,690
Amazon
Glacier-fed lakes, Peru
Atlantic Ocean
6,296
Mississippi
Source of Red Rock, Montana
Gulf of Mexico
6,240
Yangtze Kiang
Tibetan Plateau, China
China Sea
5,797
Amur-Argun
Khingan Mts., China
Tatar Strait
5,780
Ob
Altai Mts, CIS
Gulf of Ob
5,567
Yellow (Huang Ho) Mts, west China
Eastern part of Kunlan
Gulf of Chihli
4,667
Yenisei
Tannu-Ola Mts, western
Arctic Ocean
4,506
Parana
Confluence of Paranaiba and Grande rivers
Rio de la Plata
4,498
Irtish
Altai Mts., CIS
Ob River
4,438
Congo
Confluence of Lualaba and Luapula rivers, Zaire
Atlantic Ocean
4,371
Amur
Confluence of Shilka (CIS) Argan (Manchuria) rivers
Tatar Strait
4,352
Lena
Baikal Mts., CIS
Arctic Ocean
4,268
Mackenzie
Head of Finlay river, British Columbia, Canada
Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean)
4,241
Niger
Guinea
Gulf of Guinea
4,184
Mekong
Tibetan highlands
South China Sea
4,023
Mississippi
Lake Itasca, Minnesota
Gulf of Mexico
3,779
Missouri
Confluence of Jefferson, Gallatin and Madison rivers,Montana
Mississippi River
3,726
Volga
Valdai plateau, CIS
Caspian Sea
3,687
Madeira
Confluence of Beni and Maumore rivers, Bolivia-Brazil boundary
Amazon River
3,238
Purus
Peruvian Andes
Amazon River
3,207
San Francisco
Southwest Minas Gerais, Brazil
Atlantic Ocean
3,198
Yukon
Junction of Lewes and Pelly rivers, Yukon Territory, Canada
Bering Sea
3,185
St. Lawrence
Lake Ontario
Gulf of St. Lawrence
3,058
Rio Grande
San Juan Mts, Colorado
Gulf or Mexico
3,034
Tunguska (Lower)
North of Lake Baikal, Russia
Yenesei River
2,995
Brahmaputra
Himalayas
Ganges River
2,897
Indus
Himalayas
Arabian Sea
2,897
Danube
Black Forest, Germany
Black Sea
2,842
Euphrates
Confluence of Murat Nehri and Kara Sun rivers, Turkey
Shatt-al-Arab
2,799
Darling
Central part of Eastern Highlands, Australia
Murray River
2,739
Zambezi
ll021'S, 2422'E, Zambia
Mozambique Channel
2,736
Tocantins
Goias, Brazil
Para River
2,699
Murray
Australian Alps, New South Wales
Indian Ocean
2,589
Nelson
Head of Bow River, western Alberta, Canada
Hudson Bay
2,575
Paraguay
Mato Grosso Plateau, Brazil
Parana River
2,549
Ural
Southern Ural Mts., CIS
Caspian Sea
2,533
Ganges
Himalayas
Bay of Bengal
2,506
Amu Darya (Oxus)
Nicolas Range, Pamir Mts, CIS
Aral Sea
2,414
Japura
Andes, Colombia
Amazon River
2,414
Salween
Tibet, south of Kunlun Mts.
Gulf of Martaban
2,414
Arkansas
Central Colorado Gulf of California
Mississippi River
2,348
Colorado
Grand Country, Colorado
Gulf of California
2,333
Dnieper
Valdai Hills, CIS
Black Sea
2,284
Syr Darya
Tien Shan, China/Kyrgyzstan
Aral Sea
2,206
Ohio-Allegheny
Potter County, Pennsylvania
Mississippi River
2,102
Irrawaddy
Confluence of Nmai and Mali rivers, northeast Mvanmar
Bay of Bengal
2,092
Orange
Lesotho
Atlantic Ocean
2,092
Orinoco
Serra Parima Mts., Venezuela
Atlantic Ocean
2,062
Pilcomayo
Andes Mts., Bolivia
Paraguay River
1,999
Xi Jiang (Si Kiang)
Eastern Yunnan Province, China
China Sea
1,989
Columbia
Columbia Lake, British Columbia,Canada
Pacific Ocean
1,983
Don
Tula, RSFSR, CIS
Sea of Azov
1,968
Sungan
China-North Korea boundary
Amur River
1,955
Saskatchewan
Canadian Rockey Mts.
Lake Winnipeg
1,939
Peace
Stikine Mts., British Columbia, Canada
Great Slave River
1,923
Tigris
Taurus Mts., Turkey
Shatt-al-Arab
1,899
Rhine
Confluence of Hinterrhein and Vorderrhein rivers, Switzerland
North Sea
1,320
Rivers
A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier.
A river may have its source in a spring, lake, from damp, boggy landscapes where the soil is waterlogged, from glacial melt, or from surface runoff of precipitation. Almost all rivers are joined by other rivers and streams termed tributaries the highest of which are known as headwaters. Water may also originate from groundwater sources. Throughout the course of the river, the total volume transported downstream will often be a combination of the free water flow together with a substantial contribution flowing through sub-surface rocks and gravels that underlie the river and its floodplain.
For many rivers in large valleys, this unseen component of flow may greatly exceed the visible flow. From their source, all rivers flow downhill, typically terminating in a sea or in a lake, through a confluence. In arid areas rivers sometimes end by losing water to evaporation. River water may also infiltrate into the soil or pervious rock, where it becomes groundwater.
Excessive abstraction of water for use in industry, irrigation, etc., can also cause a river to dry before reaching its natural terminus.The mouth, or lower end, of a river is known by hydrologists as its base level. The area drained by a river and its canals is called catchment, catchment basin, drainage basin or watershed. The term "watershed" is also used to mean a boundary between catchments, which is also called a water divide, or in some cases, continental divide.
The water in a river is usually confined to a channel, made up of a stream bed between banks. In larger rivers there is also a wider flood-plain shaped by flood-waters over-topping the channel. Flood plains may be very wide in relation to the size of the river channel. This distinction between river channel and flood-plain can be blurred especially in urban areas where the flood-plain of a river channel can become greatly developed by housing and industry.
The river channel itself typically contains a single stream of water but some rivers flow as several interconnecting streams of water, producing a braided river. Extensive braided rivers are found in only a few regions worldwide, such as the South Island of New Zealand. They also occur on peneplains and some of the larger river deltas. Anastomosing rivers are similar to braided rivers. They have multiple sinuous channels carrying large volumes of sediment. Due to the dynamics of this type of system, they are also quite rare.
A river flowing in its channel is a source of considerable energy which acts on the river channel to change its shape and form. In mountainous torrential zones this can be seen as erosion channels through hard rocks and the creation of sands and gravels from the destruction of larger rocks. In U-shaped glaciated valleys, the subsequent river valley can often easily be identified by the V-shaped channel that it has carved.
In the middle reaches where the river may flow over flatter land, loops (meanders) may form through eroding of the river banks and deposition on the inside of bends. Sometimes the river will cut off a loop, shortening the channel and forming an oxbow lake or billabong. Rivers that carry large amounts of sediment may develop conspicuous deltas at their mouths, if conditions permit. Rivers, whose mouths are in saline tidal waters, may form estuaries. River mouths may also be fjords or rias.
Although the following classes are a useful simplified way to visualise rivers, it is important to recognise there are other factors at work here. Gradient is controlled largely by tectonics, but discharge is controlled largely by climate and sediment load is controlled by various factors including climate, geology in the headwaters, and the stream gradient. A river with a steep gradient that has very few tributaries and flows quickly is called a youthful river. Its channels erode deeper rather than wider. A river with a gradient that is less steep than those of youthful rivers and flows more slowly than youthful rivers is called a mature river.
A mature river is fed by many tributaries and has more discharge than a youthful river. Its channels erode wider rather than deeper. A river with a low gradient and low erosive energy is called an old river. Old rivers are characterised by flood plains. A river with a gradient that is raised by tectonic uplift is called a rejuvenated river. Most rivers flow on the surface. However, other rivers may flow underground in caves or caverns. Such rivers can be found in karst regions with limestone geologic formations. An intermittent river (or ephemeral river) only flows occasionally and can be dry for several years at a time. These rivers are found in regions with limited or highly variable rainfall, or can occur due to geologic conditions such as having a highly permeable riverbed.
Man has been using rivers for navigation since the dawn of civilisation. Rivers provide the cheapest means of transport. Rivers have been used by man since the dawn of civilisation as a source of water, for food, for transport, as a defensive barrier, as a source of power to drive machinery, and as a means of disposing of waste. For thousands of years rivers have been used for navigation. Riverine navigation provides the cheapest means of transport and is still used extensively on major rivers of the world .like the Ganges, the Nile, the Mississippi, and the Indus.
In some highly-forested regions like Scandinavia and Canada, lumberjacks use the river to float felled trees downstream to lumber camps for further processing, saving much effort and cost by transporting the huge heavy logs by natural means. Rivers have been a source of food since pre-history. Apart from being a rich source of fish, rivers indirectly aid cultivation by supplying water for the crops. Rivers sustain their own food chain. They are a major source of fresh water, hence, it is no surprise to find most of the major cities of the world situated on the banks of rivers. Rivers also provide an easy (if in sanitary) means of disposing of waste. The rocks and gravel generated and moved by rivers have i been greatly used in construction. In more recent generations, the beauty of rivers and their wider habitats has contributed greatly to tourist income from areas well endowed with attractive riverine scenery.
In upland rivers, rapids with Whitewater or even waterfalls occur. Rapids are often used for recreational purposes. Fast flowing rivers and waterfalls are harnessed as sources of energy, via watermills and hydroelectric plants.
Worlds Geographical Surnames
S.No
Surname
Name
1
Bengal's Sorrow
Damodar River
2
Blue Mountains
Nilgiri Hills
3
City of Sky-scrapers
New York
4
City of Seven Hills
Rome
5
City of Dreaming Spires
Oxford
6
City of Palaces
Kolkata
7
City of Golden Gate
San Francisco
8
City of Magnificent Buildings
Washington D.C.
9
City of Eternal Springs
Quito (S. America)
10
China's Sorrow
Hwang Ho
11
Cockpit of Europe
Belgium
12
Dark Continent
Africa
13
Emerald Isle
Ireland
14
Eternal City
Rome
15
Empire City
New York
16
Forbidden City
Lhasa(Tibet)
17
Garden City
Chicago
18
Gate of Tears
Strait of Bab-el_Mandeb
19
Gate of the Nile
Egypt
20
Granite City
Aberdeen (Scotland)
21
Hermit Kingdom
Korea
22
Key to the Mediterranean
Gibralter
23
Land of Cakes
Scotland
24
Land of Golden Fleece
Australia
25
Land of Maple Leaf
Canada
26
Land of Morning Calm
Korea
27
Land of Midnight Sun
Norway
28
Land of the Thousand Lakes
Finland
29
Land of the Thunderbolt
Bhutan
30
Land of White Elephant
Thailand
31
Land of Five Years
Punjab
32
Land of Thousand Elephants
Laos
33
Land of Rising Sun
Japan
34
Loneliest Island
Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic)
35
Manchester of Japan
Osaka
36
Pillars of Hercules
Strait of Gibraltar
37
Pearl of the Antilles
Cuba
38
Playground of Europe
Switzerland
39
Quaker City
Philadelphia
40
Queen of the Adriatic
Venice
41
Roof of the World
The Pamirs, Central Asia
42
Rose Pink City
Jaipur
43
Sugar bowl of the world
Cuba
44
Herring Pond
Atlantic Ocean
45
Holy Land
Jerusalem
46
Island Continent
Australia
47
Island of Cloves
Zanzibar
48
Isle of Pearls
Bahrein (Persian Gulf)
49
Venice of the North
Stockholm
50
Windy City
Chicago
51
Whiteman's grave
Guinea Coast of Africa
52
Yellow River
Huang Ho (China)
Big Oceans and Seas of the World (Seas)
Name
Area (Sq.km)
Average Depth
South China Sea
2,974,600
5,514
Malay
81,43,100
1,200
Caribbean
27,53,170
7,492
Mediterranean
25,03,900
4,846
Bering
22,68,200
5,121
Gulf of Mexico
15,43,000
4,377
Sea of Okhotsk
15,27,000
3,475
East China Sea
12,49,000
2,999
Hudson Bay
12,32,200
259
Sea of Japan
10,07,700
3,743
Andaman Sea
7,97,600
865
North Sea
5,75,300
661
Black Sea
4,62,000
2,243
Red Sea
4,37,000
2,246
Baltic
4,22,300
439
Gulf of St Lawrence
2,37,760
120
Gulf of California
1,62,000
810
Big Oceans and Seas of the World (Oceans)
Name
Area (Sq.Km)
Greatest known depth in feet
Place of greatest known depth
Pacific
16,52,40,000
35,410
Off Mindanao
Atlantic
8,23,60,000
30,143
Puerto Rico Trench
Indian
7,35,50,000
22,968
Off Sunda Trench
Arctic
1,39,80,000
17,850
Sumatra-Jawa
Mediterranean
1,142,000
14,435
Matapan
Biggest Highest Largest Longest in the World
Animal, Tallest
Giraffe
Archipelago Largest
Indonesia
Bird, Fastest
Swift
Bird, Largest
Ostrich
Bird, Smallest
Humming Bird
Bridge, Longest Railway
Huey P.Long Bridge, Louisiana (U.S.A.)
Building, Tallest in the world
Teipei 101, Taiwan
Canal, Longest Irrigational
The Kalakumsky canal
Canal, Longest
Suez canal
Capital, Highest
La Paz (Bolivia)
City, Biggest in area
Mount Isa (Australia)
City, Largest in population
Tokyo
City, Costliest
Tokyo
City, Highest
Van Chuan (China)
Continent, Largest
Asia
Continent, Smallest
Australia
Country, Biggest (Area)
Russia
Country, Largest (population)
China
Country, Largest (electorate)
India
Creature, Largest
Blue Whale
Delta, Largest
Sunderban (Bangladesh & India)
Desert, Largest (World)
Sahara (Africa)
Desert, Largest (Asia)
Gobi
Dam, Largest
Grand Coulee Dam (U.S.A.)
Dam, Highest
Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)
Diamond, Largest
The Cullinan
Dome, Largest
Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.)
Epic, Largest
Mahabharat
Irrigation Scheme, Largest
Lloyd Barrage, Sukkhur (Pakistan)
Island, Largest
Greenland
Sea, Largest
Mediterranean Sea
Lake, Deepest
Baikal (Siberia)
Lake, Largest (Artificial)
Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)
Lake, Highest
Titicaca (Bolivia)
Lake, Largest (Fresh Water)
Superior
Lake, Largest (Salt water)
Caspian
Library, Largest
United States Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
Mountain Peak, Highest
Everest (Nepal)
Mountain Range, Longest
Andes (S. America)
Museum, Largest
British Museum, London
Ocean, Largest
Pacific
Palace, Biggest
Vatican (Italy)
Park, Largest
Yellow Stone National Park (U.S.A.)
Peninsula, Largest
Arabia
Place, Coldest (Habitated)
Verkhoyansk (Siberia)
Place, Dryest
Iqique (in Atacama Desert, Chile)
Place, Hottest
Azizia (Libya, Africa)
Place, Rainiest
Mausinram (Meghalaya, India)
Planet, Biggest
Jupiter
Planet, Brightest
Venus
Planet, Smallest
Pluto
Plateau, Highest
Pamir (Tibet)
Platform, Longest
Kharagpur (India)
Railway, Longest
Trans-Siberian railway
Railway Station, Largest
Grand Central Terminal, Chicago (U.S.A.)
River, Longest
Nile (Africa)
River, Largest
Amazon (S. America)
Sea-bird, Largest
Albatross
Star, Brightest
Sirius
Statue, Tallest
Statue of Motherland, Volgagrad (Russia)
Telescope, Largest Radio
New Mexico (U.S.A.)
Tramway, World's first
New York
Tunnel, Longest (Railway)
Tanna (Japan)
Tunnel, Longest (road)
Mont Blanc Tunnel between France and Italy
Volcano, Highest
Ojos del Salado (Andes, Ecuador)
Volcano, Most Active
Maunaloa (Hawaii - U.S.A.)
Wall, Longest
Great Wall of China
Waterfall, Highest
Angel (Venezuela)
Water, Lowest Body
Dead Sea
Zoo, Largest
Kruger National Park, South Africa
Worlds Highest Mountain Peaks
Country
Peaks
Height in metre
Asia
Everest (Himalaya-Nepal/Tibet)
8,848
Asia
Godwin Austen (Karakoram-India)
8,611
Asia
Kanchenjunga (Himalaya India / Nepal)
8,598
Asia
Lhotse (Himalaya-Nepal-China)
8,501
Asia
Makalu (Himalaya-Nepal)
8,470
Asia
Dhaulagiri (Himalaya-Nepal)
8,172
Asia
Nanga Parvat (Himalaya-Nepal)
8,126
Asia
Gasherbrum (Karakoram-Tibet)
8,068
Asia
Gosainthan (Himalaya-Tibet)
8,013
Asia
Nanda Devi (Himalaya-India)
7,817
South America
Aconcagua (Andes-Argentina)
6,960
North America
McKinley (Alaska-USA)
6,194
Africa
Kilimanjaro (Solitary-Tanzania)
5,888
Europe
Elborus (Caucasus-CIS)
5,633
Europe
Mont Blanc (Alp-France)
4,810
Antartica
Vinson Massif
5,139
Oceania
Caestensz (Nassau Range-New Guinea)
5,000
World Physical Facts Important LocalWinds
1
Chinook
Hot, dry wind in Rockies, also called 'snow eater'.
2
Foehn
Hot, dry wind in the Alps
3
Khamsin
Hot, dry wind in Egypt.
4
Sirocco
Hot, moist wind from Sahara to Mediterranean Sea
5
Solano
Hot, moist wind from Sahara towards Iberian Peninsula
6
Harmattan
Hot, dry wind blowing outwards from the interior of W.Africa, also called Guinea Doctor.
7
Bora
Cold, dry wind blowing outwards from Hungary to the north of Italy (near Adriatic Sea).
8
Mistral
Very cold wind, which blows from the Alps over France
9
Punas
Cold, dry wind blowing down towards the western side of Andes.
10
Blizzard
Very cold winds in Tundra region
11
Purga
Cold wind in Russian tundra
12
Levanter
Cold wind in Spain
13
Norwester
Hot wind in New Zealand
14
Santa Ana
Hot wind in S. California in USA.
Towns on Rivers in Other Countries
Country
River
Akyab
Kaladan
Antwerp
Scheldt
Baghdad
Tigris
Bangkok
Chao Praya
Basra
Shatt-al-arab
Belgrade
Danube
Berlin
Spree
Bonn
Rhine
Bristol
Avon
Brussels
Seine
Budapest
Danube
Buenos Aires
La Plater
Cairo
Nile
Canton
Chu-Kiang
Chittagong
Karnafuli
Chungking
Yangtze-Kiang
Cologne
Rhine
Dublin
Liffey
Dresden
Elbe
Dundee
Tay
Gdansk
Vistula
Glasgow
Clyde
Hamburg
Elbe
Hankow
Yangtze
Hull
Humber
Kabul
Kabul
Karachi
Sindh
Khartoum
Nile
Lahore
Ravi
Leh
Indus
Lisbon
Tagus
Liverpool
Mersey
London
Thames
Madrid
Manzaneres
Montreal
St.Lawrence
Moscow
Moskva
Moulmein
Salween
Nanking
Yangtze-Kiang
New Castle
Tyne
New Orleans
Mmississippi
New York
Hudson
Ottawa
St.Lawrence
Philadelphia
Delaware
Prague
Vitava
Paris
Siene
Quebec
St.Lawrence
Rangoon
Irrawadi
Rome
Tiber
Rotterdam
New Maas
Shanghai
Yangtze
St.Louis
Mississippi
Sydney
Darling
Tokyo
Arakawa
Vienna
Danube
Warsaw
Vistuala
Washington
Polomec
Rivers, Lakes and Waterfalls
Rivers, Lakes and Waterfalls
River is a large stream of fresh water flowing downhill within a channel to enter another river, lake or sea.
Worlds Largest River is South Americas Amazon, which flows into the South Atlantic. It is so regarded in view of the size and the volume of water it discharges into the sea.
Worlds Longest River is Nile Egypt, which flows in to the Mediterranean Sea. It extends to 6,690 km.
Levee refers to the river bank formed by the accumulation of slit during flood or the embankment built by man.
Estuary is the tidal mouth of a river where the salt water of the tide meets the fresh water of the river current.
Delta is a triangular tract of land formed by the accumulation of silt at the rivers mouth near the sea. It is so called because of its resemblance to the better (delta0 of the Greek alphabet.
Worlds Largest Delta is the Sunderbans Delta which is created in Bay of Bengal by the Ganges and Brahmaputra in West Bengal in India and Bangladesh. It covers an area of 75,000 sq km.
Meander is a curve in the course of a river which continuously swings from side to side in wide loops, as it progresses across the flat country. The term meander is derived from the name of river Meander of Asia Minor.
George or Canyon is a rock-walled, steep-sided, deep narrow but of considerable size bounded by steep slopes is called canyon. The Grand Canyon of Colorado river in the USA, which has a depth of 1,615 metres, is the longest canyon in theworld.
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