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3SIR 86-3376
AlllDS MTD7St,
NATL INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C.
A1 11 02490756Overman, JoAnne R/GATT Standards Code acQC100 .U56 NO.86-3376 1986 C.1 NBS-PUB-C
GATT StandardsGxle Activities of theNational Bureau of
Standards 1985
'-QC
I 100
.056
J 86-3376
* 1986
JoAnne R. OvermanOffice of Product Standards Policy
National Bureau of StandardsU.S. Department of Commerce
April 1986
MBS
RESEARCH
INFORMATION
CENTER
NBSIR 86-3376
GATT STANDARDS CODE ACTIVITIES OFTHE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS1985
JoAnne R. Overman
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Bureau of Standards
Office of Product Standards Policy
Gaithersburg, MD 20899
April 1986
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler. Director
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ABSTRACT
This report describes the GATT Standards Code activities conducted by the
Standards Code and Information program, National Bureau of Standards (NBS),
for calendar year 1985. NBS responsibilities include operating the U.S. GATTinquiry point for information on standards and certification activities;notifying the GATT Secretariat of proposed U.S. Federal governmentstandards-based rules that might significantly affect trade; assisting U.S.industry with standards-related trade problems; and responding to inquiriesabout proposed foreign and U.S. regulations.
Key Words: GATT Standards Code; notifications; proposed foreign regulationsstandards information; technical assistance
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CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Inquiry Point 1
Notifications 1
Inquiries 3
Translations 3
Other Activities 4
Standards Information 4
Technical Office 5
Assistance to Industry 5
Cormient Handling 6
Standards Code Signatories 8
Tables
Table I Number of Notifications Issued in 1985 9
Table II List of U.S. Notifications 9
Table III List of Foreign Notifications 10Table IV Comment Periods for Proposed U.S. Regulations 15
Table V Comment Periods for Proposed Foreign Regulations 16
Appendix A United States Procedures for Determining Which DraftStandards and Rules of Certification to Notify 21
Appendix B Key-Word-Out-of-Context (KWOC) Index of Products 23
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INTRODUCTION
The international Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (Standards Code)
has been in effect since January 1, 1980. There are currently 38 signatories
(Portugal signed in 1985) to the Code, 26 of which have actively implemented
the Code in their countries. The Code is administered by the Secretariat of
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in Geneva, Switzerland.
The Office of Product Standards Policy (OPSP) has several responsibilities
for implementing provisions of Title IV of the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of
1979 related to establishment of a U.S. inquiry point,V a standards
information center, and a technical office for non-agricultural products.This report summarizes Standards Code activities conducted by the StandardsCode and Information (SCI) program in OPSP for calendar year 1985. Thesefunctions are performed within the traditional framework of NBSstandards-related programs. A more complete discussion of all U.S.responsibilities and activities associated with the Standards Code may be
found in the Report to the United States Congress on the Agreement on
Technical Barriers to Trade - “Standards Code."
Highlights of 1985 included publication of a directory of U.S. private sectorproduct certification programs and a brochure describing GATT Standards Codeactivities at NBS; background research for bilateral standards discussions;participation in the third meeting on information exchange held in
conjunction with the Standards Code Committee meeting; revision of theKey-Word-In-Context (KWIC) Index of U.S. Voluntary Engineering Standards; and
preparation of the second triennial report cited above.
INQUIRY POINT
Notifications
Signatories of the Standards Code must notify the GATT Secretariat of all
proposed mandatory government regulations and certification procedures thatmight significantly affect international trade. The Secretariat, in turn,
disseminates the notifications to all signatories.
As the official U.S. GATT inquiry point for information on standards and
certification activities, SCI notifies the Secretariat of proposed U.S.Federal Government rules that might significantly affect trade; receivesforeign notifications and disseminates them, along with supplementaryinformation to appropriate U.S. companies and industry groups; and respondsto inquiries about foreign or U.S. notifications. SCI's GATT notificationactivities are reported quarterly to cognizant NBS managers and other FederalGovernment officials concerned with the Code's implementation .^/
^_/The Standards Code requires that each signatory provide an inquiry point to
answer all inquiries on technical regulations, standards, and rules ofcertification.
p_/0ffice of the U.S. Trade Representative, International Trade Administration(Department of Commerce) and Departments of Agriculture and State.
In 1985, the GATT Secretariat issued 197 notifications. Twenty of the 38signatories reported at least one proposed regulation (see Table I). Canadahad the most notifications with 39. Six other signatories - Finland, India,
Japan, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States - each reported 10 or moreproposed regulations.
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) office in Geneva receivesnotifications from the Secretariat and cables them to the United States. The
notifications, all of which are available in English, include the name of thecountry proposing the regulation; assigned TBT/Notif ication number; a briefdescription of the regulation; and the final date for comments. In order to
provide wide access to this information in the United States, all foreignnotifications are published in the Commerce Business Daily , and several otherpublications. SCI maintains a computerized data base on all GATTnotifications and a telephone GATT hotline where up-to-date notificationinformation can be obtained. The hotline number is (301) 921-3200 .
Proposed U.S. Regulations
All proposed U.S. Government rules (mandatory standards or certificationsystems), including proposed revisions, are published in the Federal
Register . SCI staff regularly review the Register to identify those proposedregulations that might significantly affect trade and which, therefore,should be notified to the GATT Secretariat. Notices are sent directly to the
GATT Secretariat via telex. The procedures that SCI uses to identify whichproposed regulations or certification rules to notify were described in a
paper presented by an SCI staff member at the May 1985 meeting on informationexchange (see Appendix A).
In 1985, 16 proposed U.S. regulations were reported; of the 16 reported, 14
were assigned TBT/Notif. numbers for 1985. Table II lists the agency and
products. The notifications designated in 1985 originated in the issuing
agencies shown below. The regulations covered such products as motor
vehicles, aspirin products, cosmetics, lifesaving equipment and pesticides in
food.
Agency No. of 1985 Notifs.
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF)
Department of Transportation (DOT)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
National Highway Traffic Safety Admin. (NHTSA)
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
1
2
4
1
1
4
1
Total l4
2
Proposed Foreign Regulations
The GATT Secretariat in 1985 issued 183 notifications from countries other
than the United States (see Table III). The foreign regulations covered a
wide variety of products, including telecommunications equipment, electrical
appliances, furniture, automobiles, cement, and explosives. SCI maintains a
Key-Word-Out-Context (KWOC) index for all products that are the subject of
foreign notifications (see Appendix B for 1985 index). (A KWOC is an
indexing method in which keywords, in this instance products, appear as
headings in a separate line index flush with the left margin.) The KWOCindex is used to identify any regulations that may be of interest to
individuals who have expressed interest in specific products.
Foreign notifications are sent regularly by SCI to the American National
Standards Institute, Industry Functional Advisory Committee members,^/ and
several other groups and individuals to serve their information needs and to
allow them to disseminate or publish as appropriate.
Inquiries
SCI processed 367 letter and telephone requests for GATT notificationinformation (296 U.S., 71 foreign) in 1985. Many requestors asked for copiesof more than one regulation. In addition to requests for specificregulations, many individuals asked for general information on the StandardsCode. SCI responds to such requests by sending an information packageconsisting of the latest issue of its newsletter, tbt news , a list of recentforeign notifications, brochures describing the Standards Code, and orderinginformation for the Commerce Business Daily .
In 1985, U.S. exporters were most interested in regulations from Japan,Canada, Sweden, and Switzerland, among the top six notifiers, and from theUnited Kingdom. The regulations that were most often requested concernedtelecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, and chemical substances. In
addition, 321 calls were received on the GATT hotline for up-to-dateinformation on foreign notifications.
Translations
SCI requests the text of all proposed foreign regulations from the inquirypoints of the issuing signatories. Less than half of the 183 regulationsreceived in 1985 ( 79 ) were in languages other than English. SCI coordinatesa translation service to obtain an English translation of any requestedproposed foreign language regulation. The cost of translation is paid by therequestor; if more than one request is received for the same translation, thecost is divided equally among requestors. In 1985, SCI received requests fortranslations of eight regulations; three requests were for the same document.
o_/The IFAC is comprised of representatives from private industry engaged in
standards-related activities. It advises the Department of Commerce and USTRon trade matters, the operation of any adopted trade agreements and othersubjects related to U.S. trade policy.
3
other Activities
In 1985, SCI published a brochure, "GATT Standards Code Activities," whichbriefly describes SCI program activities established in support of the Code.SCI also publishes tbt news , a newsletter intended to inform U.S. industryand other interested groups of U.S. Government programs and activities in
support of the Standards Code. Subscription to the newsletter is free andcan be obtained by contacting the SCI office.
An SCI staff member participated in a meeting on procedures for informationexchange held in May 1985 in Geneva, Switzerland. Representatives from GATTinquiry points met to discuss current activities, notification procedures,translations, length of comment periods, and problems encountered in
obtaining information. Scheduled every two years and held in conjunctionwith the meeting of the Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade, thisassembly provides an opportunity to solve existing problems and to establishnew procedures for more effective communication and information exchange.
STANDARDS INFORMATION
The National Center for Standards and Certification Information (NCSCI) is
the national repository for standards documentation. NCSCI supports GATTinquiry point activities by supplying information concerning both domesticand foreign standards information. The information center, which was
established in 1965, provides government, industry and the public withinformation on standards, regulations, certification programs and relatedactivities that affect trade and commerce.
NCSCI maintains a microform and hard copy collection of engineering standardsand specifications, regulations, certification rules, directories, referencebooks and special publications. NSCSI staff respond to more than 5,000requests annually from all over the world on the existence, source and
availability of standards and related documents. NCSCI also responds to
trade-related queries regarding regulations or other requirements imposed by
foreign countries that affect the export of U.S. manufactured products.
In 1985, NCSCI published Private Sector Product Certification Programs in
the United States (NBS Special Publication 703). This directory presents
information from 109 organizations in the United States which engage in
product certification activities. Each entry describes the type and purpose
of each organization, the nature of the activity, products certified,
standards used, certification requirements, availability and cost of
services, and other relevant details. A similar directory of Federal
certification programs will be available in spring 1986.
4
TECHNICAL OFFICE
The SCI program performs technical office functions for non-agriculturalproducts. These include: a) providing assistance to U.S. exporters on
specific technically based standards-related trade issues; b) assisting the
International Trade Administration and USTR in developing technicalbackground for bilateral and multilateral discussions with representativesfrom other Code signatories; c) monitoring the level of U.S. participation in
international standardization activities; and d) coordinating comments on
proposed foreign regulations.
Assistance to Industry
Technical office staff work closely with industry representatives to addressstandards-related trade problems and to develop a technical basis fornegotiated resolutions. Technical staff obtain and analyze, whenappropriate, standards information to provide rationale for foreignregulatory actions. In some cases, an analysis is conducted to answerspecific questions. In 1985, the following subjects were among thoserequiring attention; they are briefly summarized here with results or currentstatus.1. Two U.S. manufacturers of submersible water pumps and portable
electrical equipment alleged that European standards and marking rulescreate non-tariff trade barriers. According to the complaints, the length require-ments and marking rules for cord sets and cables are excessive anddiscriminatory, thus making it costly and difficult to gain access to
the market. Technical office staff compared foreign standards andpractices with those in the United States, then contacted the AmericanEmbassy in Brussels, Belgium and the U.S. Mission in Geneva, Switzerlandfor assistance in clarifying the rationale and application of theforeign requirements. Embassy personnel worked with the EuropeanCommittee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) to obtaininformation.
2. The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) developed two technicalregulations concerning medical equipment which might affect the design,manufacture, and testing of this equipment in the U.S. Two U.S.companies registered concern about the impact of these regulations andrequested the technical office's help to determine the status of theregulations and whether a delay in implementation was possible. TheAmerican Embassy in Bonn was contacted for the information.
3. Technical office staff identified and analyzed United Kingdom and U.S.requirements for metal alloys for a U.S. manufacturer. The informationwas used by the company to bid on a British procurement contract.
4.
A U.S. testing laboratory inquired about the acceptance by the FederalRepublic of Germany of U.S. radio frequency interference emission testcriteria for computer equipment. Technical office investigationrevealed that Germany has different testing requirements and does notaccept U.S. -generated data. Germany will accept test data - subject toapproval by appropriate German officials - based on German standards.
5
5 . A U.S. manufacturer reported that a French regulation prohibits thedisplay of dual measurements (English and metric) on plastic laboratoryware. Technical office staff raised this subject with the Frenchgovernment and requested the American Embassy in Paris to ask for a
waiver for the U.S. company; the request was denied.
6. Technical office staff consulted with NBS fire safety experts todetermine whether U.S. and EEC requirements for fire protective coatingwere technically equivalent; they were not. Based on theseconsultations, an affected U.S. manufacturer did not have adequatejustification to complain since the U.K. requirements are based onhealth and safety considerations.
Technical office staff provided technical analyses and background materialsfor bilateral standards-related discussions with France and with the EuropeanEconomic Community. Product specific items for meetings with Frenchofficials were: electronic measuring equipment, can sizes for processedfoods, agricultural machinery, and modems; for EEC officials: automobiles,earthmoving machinery, and chemical labeling.
Other activities of the technical office included: participation in thedevelopment and evaluation of proposals for a U.S. third party review programfor agricultural tractor testing to meet test code requirements of theOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); initiating a
study to assess extent of U.S. participation in international standardizationactivities and historical trends; and assistance to Carnegie-Mel Ion
University graduate students undertaking a project to examine non-tarifftrade iDarriers in four product areas.
Comment Handling
A major objective of the Standards Code is to allow exporters and governmentagencies to comment on proposed foreign regulations which they feel wouldunjustifiably impede their country's exports. SCI provides the text of
proposed foreign regulations to all interested parties in the United Statesand encourages the submission of comments if the regulation appears to create
unnecessary trade barriers. SCI transmits comments to the appropriate
foreign government and coordinates any follow-up activity. In 1985, SCI
received and processed comments on five foreign regulations: EEC -
agricultural or forestry tractors (85.156); Japan - high pressure hose
assemblies (85.57); and Sweden -passenger cars (85.86, 85.128 and 85.166).
Additional informal comments are frequently made by industry representatives
who become aware of proposed regulations, often before they are notified
through the GATT. Some representatives use the notification system mainly as
a back-up to ensure awareness of foreign developments.
Comment Periods
To provide signatories with adequate time to receive the text of a regulation
(and to have it translated if necessary), review it and prepare comments, the
Standards Code recommends a comment period of at least 60 days. If the
comment period is insufficient (e.g., due to late receipt of an English
version or complicated technical issues), the technical office will request
that the issuing country extend the comment period. In 1985, seven such
6
requests were made to and granted by the notifying Party. Many extensions
are requested so that individuals can translate and study the regulationwithout necessarily indicating an intention to comment.
The average length of the comment period^/ in 1985 was 50 days for U.S.
regulations and 43 days for foreign regulations. (For comparison, the
corresponding averages for 1984 were 37 and 47). Table IV lists all U.S.
regulations and the length of the comment period for each. The averagelength of comment period by U.S. agency was:
BATF 51
DOT 66
EPA 36
FAA 48
FDA 49
NHTSA 24
USDA 175
Comment period for foreign regulations ranged from none at all to 169 days.
Table V lists all foreign regulations for which notifications were receivedand the length of comment period for each. The average length of commentperiod by country was:
Austria 0 Japan 58
Belgium 62 Korea 33Canada 30 Netherlands 41
Denmark 15 Norway 54EEC 70 Spain 0
Finland 54 Sweden 57
France 31 Switzerland 59Germany 66 Tunisia 0
India 24 UnitedIreland 0 Kingdom 21
Conclusion
SCI continues to work with U.S. industry to assist in solvingstandards-related trade problems and to assure wide receipt of relevantnotifications of proposed foreign regulations which might affect trade.Requests for further information, suggestions on how the service might be
made more useful, or comments on subjects covered in this report should bedirected to:
Standards Code and Information officeNational Bureau of StandardsAdministration Building, Room A629Gaithersburg, MD 20899
(301) 921-2092
For specific information from NCSCI call (301) 921-2587.
^_/Number of calendar days between the date the notification was issued by the
GATT Secretariat and the closing date for comments.
7
STANDARDS CODE SIGNATORIES
ArgentinaAustriaBelgiumBrazi
1
CanadaChileCzechoslovakiaDenmarkEgyptEuropean Economic Community (EEC)
FinlandFranceFederal Republic of GermanyGreeceHong KongHungaryIndiaIreland
Italy
JapanKoreaLuxembourgNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPakistanPhilippinesPortugal
RomaniaRwandaSingaporeSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTunisiaUnited KingdomUnited StatesYugoslavia
8
TABLE I
NUMBER OF GATT NOTIFICATIONS ISSUED IN 1985
SIGNATORY
AUSTRIABELGIUMCANADADENMARKEECFINLANDFRANCEGERMANYINDIAIRELANDJAPANKOREANETHERLANDSNORWAYSPAINSWEDENSWITZERLANDTUNISIAUNITED KINGDOMUNITED STATES
TOTAL
NUMBER OFNOTIFICATIONS
2
1
399
8
104
1
12
1
311
4
4
3
341 1
1
714
197
TABLE II
LIST OF U.S. NOTIFICATIONS
TBT/NOTIF. # AGENCY PRODUCT
85.6 DOT (220)* LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT85.7 EPA (219) BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE85.20 DOT (221 ) INFLATABLE LIFERAFTS85.21 U5DA (222) ANIMAL EMBRYOS85 . 76 FDA (223) SULFITES ON FOOD85.95 NHTSA(225) LAMPS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT85.96 NHTSA(224) AIR BRAKE SYSTEMS85.97 NHTSA(226) LAMPS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT85. 107 EPA (227) AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES85.119 BATF (228) ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES85.121 EPA (229) PESTICIDE PRODUCTS CONTAINING CAPTAN85.161 NHTSA(230) MOTORCYCLE HELMETS85 . 170 FAA (231 ) AIRCRAFT85. 190 EPA (232) MANGOES
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85.92
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85.94
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85.98
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85.99
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85.100
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20
APPENDIX A
UNITED STATES PROCEDURES FOR DETERMININGWHICH DRAFT STANDARDS AND RULES OF CERTIFICATION TO NOTIFY
The Standards Code and Information (SCI) program of the National Bureau of
Standards' Office of Product Standards Policy, performs the "Inquiry Point"
functions for the United States. One of SCI's responsibilities is to report to
the GATT Secretariat U.S. Government proposed technical regulations which might
significantly affect trade and all U.S. Government proposed rules ofcertification systems, as required under Articles 2.5 and 7.3 of the Agreement.
The United States is committed to notifying all proposals rules that maysignificantly affect imports from other Standards Code signatories.
Proposed U.S. Government technical regulations and rules of certificationsystems are published in the Federal Register (FR), a daily Federal Governmentpublication which contains Rules, Proposed Rules and Notices of Governmentregulatory actions. (Note: The terms "Rules" and "regulatory Actions" includethe Standards Code defined terms "technical regulations" and "certification
systems.") SCI staff review the "FR" to identify those proposed regulationswhich might impede trade. The procedures and criteria used are outlined below.
0 "SCI" staff review the Table of Contents of the "FR" which lists, by U.S.
regulatory agency, the type of action and brief description of the subjectarea. Under the heading. Proposed Rules, certain words within the
description (e.g., 'standards', 'regulation', 'certification') signal that a
particular action potentially should be notified. The page numbers of thenotices are noted.
0 Each notice published in the "FR" includes a summary paragraph whichdescribes the action and product(s) covered. For each notice identifiedunder Proposed Rules, as described above, the summary is reviewed to
determine whether it concerns a voluntary standard, adoption of an
international standard, a change in an existing regulation, establishment ofa new regulation, or a change in administrative policy or procedure. Onlythose notices that indicate a change or establishment of a new regulation areexamined further to establish whether or not to notify.
0 A proposed rule should be notified if it is trade significant. "SCI" staffuse several sources to supplement their own information concerning thenotification process, including: 1) the types of notifications the GATTSecretariat has issued within the past five years; 2) the backgroundinformation contained in the published version of each proposed regulation;and 3) consultations with the issuing Federal agency. These sources usuallyprovide the necessary information to determine trade significance. Thisinformation includes: significant import market, importance to foreignmanufacturers in preventing current import delays, and possibility that theproduct will be imported in the future.
21
0 In rare cases, neither the notice nor the issuing agency can provide enoughinformation to assess the proposed rule's possible trade impact. "SCI" staffthen contact the International Trade Administration (Department ofCommerce-"DOC") . Various "DOC" offices maintain product/country statisticsthat can help determine whether or not: 1) the important trading countriesor products in question are Standards Code signatories; and 2) the tradesignificance of the product in terms of: dollar volume of imports, marketsize or potential market growth. (Note: These criteria to determine whethera proposed regulation should be notified, were proposed by the Nordiccountries as TBT/W/59, and adopted by the Committee on Technical Barriers to
Trade.) If the product concerned is imported from signatories and/or has a
large trade volume, the proposed regulation is notified.
It is, of course, difficult to assess the significance of the impact of a
specific proposed regulation. Where there is a doubt as to the level of tradeimpact, the United States notifies the proposed regulations.
Notifications of proposed regulations are sent directly to the GATT Secretariatvia telex as soon as possible after trade significance can be determined.
Copies of the full text of all proposed U.S. regulations are available free of
charge from the SCI office.
22
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WHEAT
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ITS
PRODUCTS
JAPAN
85.43
NBS-114A (REV. 2 -eo)
U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATASHEET (See instructions)
1. PUBLICATION ORREPORT NO.
NBSIR 86-3376
2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date
May 1986
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
GATT Standards Code Activities of the National Bureau ofStandards I985
5. AUTHOR(S)
JoAnne R. Overman
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see instructions)
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSDEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEWASHINGTON, D.C. 20234
7. Contract/Grant No.
8. Type of Report & Period Covered
Annual, 198
5
9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State, ZIP)
10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
[^71 Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.
11. ABSTRACT (A 200~word or less factual summary of most si gnificant information. If document includes a significantbibliography or literature survey, mention it here)
This report describes the GATT Standards Code activities conducted by theStandards Code and Information program. National Bureau of Standards (NBS),for calendar year I985 . NBS responsibilities include operating the U.S.GATT inquiry point for information on standards and certification activities;notifying the GATT Secretariat of proposed U.S. federal government standards-based rules that might . significantly affect trade; assisting U.S. industrywith standards-related trade problems; and responding to inquiries aboutproposed foreign and U.S. regulations.
12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s)
GATT Standards Code; notifications; proposed foreign regulations; standards
information; technical assistance
13. AVAILABILITY
fY1 Unlimited
I IFor Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS
[~n Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.
Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161
14. NO. OFPRINTED PAGES
3 ^
15. Price
; % . Oaam • :
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