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®
Guide to Soil Surfactant Chemistry
Soil surfactant products are made with several di!erent classes of surfactant chemistries. These classes of chemistry have molecules with di!erent structures and therefore they have di!erent modes of action in how they interact with water and soil.
The following pages show the di!erent classes of surfactant chemistries and the di!erent molecular structures they contain. By de"ning the capability of each class of surfactant chemistry and de"ning which class or classes of surfactant chemistry each particular soil surfactant product contains, it is possible to determine the best use for a speci"c product.
Anionic and blends with Anionics: Anionics are negatively charged surfactants. They can be fast wetters but are often phytotoxic. Because of their negative charge, anionics can cause dispersion of clay particles which can negatively impact soil structure in "ne-textured soils.
Polyoxyethylene (POE): POEs are old chemistry like the original AquaGro®. POEs are often very phytotoxic. They help treat water repellency but not nearly as well as a block co-polymer. This class of chemistry can en-hance water movement in soil.
Block Co-Polymer: This class of chemistry is commonly used in the market today. They are much safer than POEs. This class is very e!ective in reducing soil water repellency. Two basic structures are used:
Field observations and use show enhanced water movement in the soil and can be helpful in leaching programs.
Field observations and use show enhanced moisture in the rootzone and can be helpful in soils that don’t hold much water.
Modi!ed/Methyl Capped Block Co-Polymer: This class is a patented variation of the block co-polymer class. The methyl caps change the way the molecule attaches to water repellent coatings. This results in thinner, more continuous "lms of water around soil particles and surfaces of organic matter and balances air to water ratios in the soil for a better growing environment.
APG: Alkyl polyglycosides are made from a sugar molecule and a fatty acid. When blended with a block co-polymer, they create a patented, synergistic blend. This blend dramatically improves water penetration rates compared to straight block co-polymer products. Also, it improves water availability in the rootzone for better growing conditions and water savings.
SOIL SURFACTANTS 101
With this information, you should be able to de"ne products correctly and help guide your customers through the confusing and sometimes misleading information regarding soil surfactant products. Now when your customers are looking for a certain set of bene"ts from a surfactant product, you can help them "nd the right Aquatrols product(s) to accomplish what they want.
Classes of Surfactant Chemistry in Aquatrols Surfactant Products
Revolution® is made with 100% modi"ed/methyl-capped block co-polymer.
Aquatrols
Primer® Select is made with 100% reverse block co-polymer.
Aquatrols
Aqueduct® is made with 25% reverse block co-polymer and 25% straight block co-polymer.
Sixteen 90® is made with 100% straight block co-polymer.
In"lTRx® is made with 20% straight block co-polymer.
Dispatch® Injectable is made with 10% straight block co-polymer and 7% APG.
®
Dispatch® Sprayable is made with 30% straight block co-polymer and 21% APG.
OLD CHEMISTRY
UNIQUE CHEMISTRY
SOIL SURFACTANT CHEMISTRY CLASSIFICATION GUIDE
Anionic Blends
AquaAidMulti-PathNaiadPenterraPervadePropel
Polyoxyethylene (POE) Wetting Agents
APSA-80E-Z WetFloThruHydro-WetInjectorLescoWet
MizerOne PuttPenMaxxSurfsideWater-InWet-Sol
Blend of Straight & Reverse Block Co-Polymers
ResurgeReWetTriCure AD
AnionicsIntroduced in 1954
POEIntroduced in 1954
Introduced in 1995
Introduced in 1996
Introduced in 2000
Introduced in 2004
Introduced in 20??
SOIL SURFACTANT CHEMISTRY CLASSIFICATION GUIDE
Straight Block Co-PolymerLong-Term
BrillianceCapacityCascade PlusConduit 90LescoFlo Ultra
Straight Block Co-PolymerInjectable
DrenchDuplexFairway ISPGateway
Straight Block Co-PolymerShort-Term
A#nityAquiferLesco-Wet PlusSoaker Soaker Plus
Reverse Block Co-PolymerShort-Term
ImmerseMagnusReLoad
IrriCureSyringeUniWetUniWet 25
Rely IIRespond 3Retain ProTournament Ready
COMMON CHEMISTRY
LT- 120MystPBS-150 RemainTriCure Micro
Modi!ed CappedBlock Co-Polymer
Modi!ed Methyl CappedBlock Co-Polymer
Blend of APG & StraightBlock Co-Polymer
Mulit-Branch Block Co-Polymer + humic acid solubilzer
Anionics & Blends with Anionics
Polyoxyethylene (POE)
AquaAid
Naiad
Penterra
Pervade
Propel
Multi-Path
APSA-80
E-Z Wet
FloThru
Hydro-Wet
Injector
LescoWet
Mizer
One Putt
PenMaxx
Surfside
Water-In
Wet-Sol
Anionics are negatively charged surfactantsCan be fast wetters, but they are often phytotoxicBecause of their negative charge, they can cause dispersion of clay particlesDispersion of clay particles negatively impacts soil structure in "ne-textured soils
Old chemistry, like original AquaGroOften very phytotoxicHelps treat water repellency, but not nearly as well as newer block co-polymersEnhances water movement in soil
Because of the negative e!ects of anionic surfactants on soil structure, Aquatrols does not produce any products using this class of surfactant chemistry.
– NONE –
– NONE –Because POEs can be very phytotoxic on turf, and newer block co-polymers are more e!ective surfactant chemistries for mineral soils, Aquatrols has not produced any products using this class of chemistry for use on turf since 1995.
Competitive Products
Aquatrols Product in this Category Aquatrols Position on Use of Anionics
Common Features of this Product Class
Aquatrols Product in this Category Aquatrols Position on Use of POEs
Competitive Products Common Features of this Product Class
Competitive Long Term Products
Aquatrols Product in this Category Bene!ts of Sixteen90
Common Features of this Product Class
Aquatrols Product in this Category Bene!ts of Sixteen90
Competitive Short Term Products Common Features of this Product Class
Straight Block Co-Polymers
90-day protection against localized dry spotMore e!ective than other long-term productsSafe – only requires a light syringing in after applicationEconomical to use on large turf areas like fairways and athletic "elds
BrillianceCapacityCascade Plus*Conduit 90LescoFlo Ultra
LT-120 MystPBS-150RemainTri Cure Micro
Commonly used chemistryMuch safer than old POEsVery e!ective in reducing soil water repellencyEnhances water movement in soilCan aid leaching programsSome contain alcohol/alkyl ethoxylates (AE) and can be phytotoxic*
Flexibilty to be applied monthly at 4-6 oz/1000 ft2
Prevents localized dry spot by treating soil water repellencyGood choice when enhanced water movement in soil is importantHelpful in salt management programs to aid leaching
A#nity
Aquifer
Lesco-Wet Plus
Soaker
Soaker Plus
Commonly used chemistryMuch safer than old POE’sVery e!ective in reducing soil water repellencyEnhances water movement in soilCan aid leaching programs
Straight Block Co-Polymers
Competitive Injectable Products
Aquatrols Product in this Category Bene!ts of In!lTRx
Common Features of this Product Class
Aquatrols Product in this Category Bene!ts of Primer Select
Competitive Short Term Products Common Features of this Product Class
Straight Block Co-Polymers
Drench
Duplex
Fairway ISP
Gateway
IrriCure
Syringe
UniWet
UniWet 25
Economical injectable soil penetrant product
Outperforms similarly priced injectable penetrant products
Improves water penetration and irrigation e#ciency
The original Aquatrols soil penetrant chemistry
Commonly used chemistry
More e!ective than old POEs for injection use
Improves water penetration and irrigation e#ciency
Aquatrols
Prevents localized dry spots by treating soil water repellency
Helps establish matrix $ow in the rootzone
Flexible application rates and frequencies to "t di!erent soil types and soil conditions
The industry standard for over a decade
Reverse Block Co-Polymers
Commonly used chemistry
Much safer than old POEs
Very e!ective in reducing soil water repellency
More e!ective in soils with limited water holding capacity than straight block co-polymers or older POEs
Immerse
Magnus
ReLoad
Rely II
Respond 3
Retain Pro
Tournament Ready
Competitive Products
Aquatrols Product in this Category Bene!ts of Aqueduct
Common Features of this Product Class
Aquatrols Product in this Category
Competitive “Stripper” Products Common Features of this Product Class
Straight /ReverseBlock Co-Polymer Blends
Multi-branchedBlock Co-Polymer
AquatrolsQuickly treats and eliminates localized dry spots
Promotes fast turf recovery from moisture stress
Safe to use even under hot, stressful conditions
The best curative surfactant chemistry available
Magnaplex
Magnus
Radius
Recover
Respond 3
Resurge
Revert
ReWet
TriCure AD
Commonly used chemistries
Very safe and very e!ective in reducing soil water repellency
Curative products because of enhanced water movement tendency of straight blocks and improved water retention tendency of reverse blocks
– NONE –
Aquatrols Position on Use of “Strippers”
Evaluation of this chemistry type and performance claims have been conducted in our laboratory at various times. Aquatrols research department have been unable to substantiate the claims.
Fleet
Symphony
OARS
Eliminates localized dry spot
Removes organic acid coating
Competitive Products
Aquatrols Product in this Category Bene!ts of Dispatch
Common Features of this Product Class
Aquatrols Product in this Category Bene!ts of Revoution
Competitive Products Common Features of this Product Class
Blend of APG &Straight Block Co-Polymer
Patented, synergistic blend of a block co-polymer and an alkyl polyglycoside (made from a sugar molecule and a fatty acid)
Dramatic improvement in water penetration rates compared to straight blocks
Improves water availability in the rootzone
®
Greatly increases water penetration and irrigation e#ciency versus straight blocks
Save 20% - 50% in water use
Signi"cantly reduces runo! on sloped turf areas (low areas aren’t as wet, upslope areas aren’t as dry)
Increases nitrogen fertilizer e#ciency
– NONE –
0RGLÀHG�0HWK\O�&DSSHGBlock Co-Polymer
Produces drier, "rmer putting surfaces
Reduced irrigation frequency & increased irrigation run times on greens without sacri"cing playability
Dramatically reduces the need to hand water between irrigation or rainfall events
Healthier, more stress tolerant turf
Patented variation of the block co-polymer chemistry changes the way the molecule attaches to water repellent coatings
Results in thinner, more continuous "lms of water around soil particles and surfaces of organic matter
Balances air to water ratios in the soil for a better growing environment for turf roots
– NONE –
Aquatrols
Aquatrols
Inject 24-32 oz per acre. Apply monthly or as needed throughout the growing season. For more di#cult areas, In"lTRx may be applied at up to 48 oz per acre.
Apply 2 oz/1000 ft2 every 14 days in 2 gallons of water; 4 oz/1000 ft2 every 21 days in 2 gallons of water;4-6 oz/1000 ft2 every 30 days in 2 gallons of water;7-9 oz/1000 ft2 every 6 weeks in 2 gallons of water.
Apply 8 oz/1000 ft2 in 1 gallon of water. Re-apply 4-8 oz/1000 ft2 in 1 gallon of water on a weekly basis until problem is alleviated.
Apply 6 oz/1000 ft2 in 2 gallons of water. For sand rootzones water in with %⁄& inch of water. On native soil “push-up” greens, apply up to ' inch of water.
Inject 12-24 oz per acre weekly. For more di#cult areas, Dispatch Injectable may be applied at 48 oz per acre.
Spray 8 oz per acre once a week;16 oz per acre every two weeks;24 oz per acre every three weeks.
®
Apply 16 oz/1000 ft2 in 5 gallons of water.
© 2012, Aquatrols Corporation of America, Inc. No part of this document may be reproduced without written consent.
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