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Prepared by : Amira Shazmin Amir
Farah Wahida
Mahfuzah
Sabira
Syamel
Ahmad Zainal
Ahmad Fathi Lutfi
Group 3
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5 reading comprehension skills
Summarizing
Sequencing
Inferencing
Comparing and contrasting Drawing conclusions
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Summarizing
Summarizing teaches students how to discern themost important ideas in a text, how to ignore
irrelevant information, and how to integrate the
central ideas in a meaningful way.
improves their memory for what is read.
Summarization strategies can be used in almost
every content area.
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Importance of summarizing
It helps students learn to determine essentialideas and consolidate important details that
support them.
It enables students to focus on key words and
phrases of an assigned text that are worth noting
and remembering.
It teaches students how to take a large selection
of text and reduce it to the main points for more
concise understanding.
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How to use summarizing
Begin by reading OR have students listen to the text
selection.
Ask students the following framework questions:
What are the main ideas?
What are the crucial details necessary for supporting
the ideas?
What information is irrelevant or unnecessary?
Have them use key words or phrases to identify themain points from the text.
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Sequencing
The word "sequence" means to put something inorder from first to last.
Sequence of events in a story is the order in
which the events happen.
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Importance of Sequencing
Knowing the sequence of events in a story helpsus to picture what is happening and when.
It helps make the story clear and easy to
follow. When events are not in order, the story
becomes blurry and hard to follow.
To understand how to do daily activities like
following a list of directions
when cooking or building something.
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How do we use sequence ofevents to help us understand what
we are reading?
As you read, ask yourself, "What happened
first? What happened next?
Look for sequence words such as: first, next,
before, after, then, and finally
Picture the story in your mind as you are reading.
Think about what the character did first, second,and so forth.
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Inferencing
Inference is drawing conclusions based oninformation that has been implied rather than
directly stated and is an essential skill in reading
comprehension.
We make inferences every day, both in oral and
written communication.
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Example :
My wife and I tried to pack light but we made surenot to forget our bathing suits and sun block. I
wasn't sure if I would get seasick again so I made
sure to pack some medicine for upset stomachs.
What can you deduct from the example given?
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You can deduct a great deal of information fromthese sentences:
The author is married.
He and his wife are going on a trip.
They are going to be on a boat.
They will be around water.
They will be going swimming.
They have gone swimming before.
The author has gotten seasick on a boat in the
past.
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Comparing and contrasting
What does Compare and Contrast mean?Compare is to think about how two things are
alike.
Contrast is to think about how two things are
different.
Why is Compare and Contrast an importantreading strategy?-Understanding similarities and differences helps
us to connect ideas together.- We can learn about something new by using
compare and contrast with something we know
more about.
- Being able compare and contrast helps us to
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How do we use Compare and Contrast to helpus understand what we are reading?As you read, ask the question, "How are these
two things the same? How are these two things
different?"Look for signal words such as: alike, both, also,
difference, on the other hand, and unlike.
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Drawing conclusions
The reader needs to "draw a conclusion" aboutwhat the author means. When we draw a
conclusion, we
take clues the author has given us and use what
we already know from our own experiences tohelp us
understand what is happening in the story.
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Why is Drawing Conclusions an important readingstrategy?Drawing Conclusions is very important in understanding
what is happening in a story. For example, manytimes an author will describe story elements, rather thandirectly telling you where, when, who, and soforth. We need to draw conclusions in order tounderstand the important parts of the story.
How do we draw conclusions to help us understandwhat we are reading?
As you read, think about the characters, setting, problem,plot, and solution.Did the author give you any clues to think about?
Use the story clues and what you already know from yourown experiences (prior knowledge)to draw a conclusion about what is happening in thestory.
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