Greetings from CERN – European Organization for Nuclear Research Greetings from CERN – European...

Greetings from CERN –Greetings from CERN – European European

Organization for Nuclear Research Organization for Nuclear Research

Greetings from CERN –Greetings from CERN – European European

Organization for Nuclear Research Organization for Nuclear Research

to all Participants of to all Participants of

NEC’2011NEC’2011

XXIII International Symposium on XXIII International Symposium on

Nuclear Electronics and ComputingNuclear Electronics and Computing

Varna, 12-17 September 2011Varna, 12-17 September 2011

to all Participants of to all Participants of

NEC’2011NEC’2011

XXIII International Symposium on XXIII International Symposium on

Nuclear Electronics and ComputingNuclear Electronics and Computing

Varna, 12-17 September 2011Varna, 12-17 September 2011

CERN Accelerator Complex – Present Upgrade

Programmes and Future Projects

Tadeusz KURTYKA Tadeusz KURTYKA

CERN –Accelerator Sector – Projects Support Office CERN –Accelerator Sector – Projects Support Office

NEC 2011, Varna, 12 September 2011NEC 2011, Varna, 12 September 2011

CERN Accelerator Complex – Present Upgrade

Programmes and Future Projects

Tadeusz KURTYKA Tadeusz KURTYKA

CERN –Accelerator Sector – Projects Support Office CERN –Accelerator Sector – Projects Support Office

NEC 2011, Varna, 12 September 2011NEC 2011, Varna, 12 September 2011

OutlineOutline Large Hadron Collider (LHC) –

present status and upgrade programs

CERN accelerator complex – upgrade and new facilities

R&D on future accelerators – CLIC/CTF3 and ILC

Collaboration aspects

Collaboration aspects- two new elementsCollaboration aspects- two new elements

• New Associate Status approved by CERN Council in 2010 as a form of membership

• Many Projects of the CERN Accelerator sector are done now as Collaborations (similarly to e.g. LHC Experiments).

55

LHC - Large Hadron Collider

7 TeV + 7 TeV

Luminosity = 1034cm-2sec-1

Primary targets: •Origin of mass•Nature of Dark Matter•Primordial Plasma•Matter vs Antimatter

The LHC results will determine the future course of High Energy Physics… and of next accelerators!

Design values:

Collision of proton beams…

…observed in giant detectors

Large Hadron Collider

7

LHC + Experiments: LHC + Experiments: spectacular start-up in 2010spectacular start-up in 2010

Brilliant performances of LHC, experiments and GRID Brilliant performances of LHC, experiments and GRID computingcomputing

First p-p collisions at √s = 7 TeV on 30 March 2010, restart 13 March 2011First p-p collisions at √s = 7 TeV on 30 March 2010, restart 13 March 2011First Pb-Pb collisions at √s = 2.76TeV/N on 7 Nov 2010First Pb-Pb collisions at √s = 2.76TeV/N on 7 Nov 2010

Goal for 2011!Goal for 2011! CMSCMS

ALICE: Pb-Pb ALICE: Pb-Pb

LCG-LHC Computing GRID

A. Siemko

CERN – world biggest accelerator complex

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelerator complex as proton injector for LHC

(LINAC 2) 1978

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelerator complex as proton injector for LHC

Proton Synchrotron

Booster

(PSB) 1972

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelerator complex as proton injector for LHC

Proton Synchrotron

(PS) 1959

PS - 50 years

of service!!

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelerator complex as heavy ion injector for LHC

Super Proton Synchrotron

(SPS) 1976

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelarator complex as injector of heavy ions to LHC

Low Energy Ion Ring

(LEIR) 2005

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelerator complex as proton and heavy ion injector for LHC

Large Hadron Collider

(LHC) 2008

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelerator complex, working not only for LHC !

Antiproton Decelerator

(AD) 1999

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelerator complex, working not only for LHC

ISOLDE fed by

PSB proton beams;

1967 upgrade 1992.

Now HIE-ISOLDE Project!!

ISOLDE - Isotope Separator On Line, and REX - Radioactive beam EXperiment

An alchemical factory for nuclear physics

Low-energy beams of radioactive isotopes - atomic nuclei. The facility, located at the Proton-Synchrotron Booster (PSB), is like a small alchemical factory, changing one element to another. It produces a total of more than 1000 different isotopes for a wide range of research.

A. Siemko 16/04/2007

CERN accelerator complex, working not only for LHC !

CNGS fed by

SPS proton beams

CNGS – CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso experiment- investigation of the nature of neutrinos

CERN sends muon neutrinos to the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), 732 km away in Italy. There, two experiments, OPERA and ICARUS, wait to find out if any of

the muon neutrinos have transformed into tau neutrinos. To create the neutrino

beam, a proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is used.

The present LHC Injector Chain

Present LHC Present LHC InjectorsInjectors

-Linac2 (p, 50 MeV, 1978)-PSB (1.4 GeV, 1972)-PS (28 GeV, 1959)-SPS (450 GeV, 1976)

Two concerns for the future:

1. The reliability of the LHC relies upon a relatively old accelerator chain.

2. To fully exploit the LHC potential we will need to upgrade the injectors.

NEC’11 - Varna, Bulgaria - 12.09.2011 Livio Mapelli

Future HE-LHC – Target output energies

July 23, 2011 S. Myers ECFA-EPS, Grenoble

2-GeV Booster (now 1.4 GeV)

Linac4 160 MeV

SPS+,1.3 TeV (now 450 GeV)

HE-LHC 2030-33

04/21/23 23

24

2022

LS3

Installation of the HL-LHC H/W (accel.& det.s)

Not yet approved!

update of European HEP Roadmap

Plan to continue until around 2030

04/21/23 24

LHC Time-line

~2021/22

2017 or 18

2013/14

2009 Start of LHCStart of LHC

Run 1: 7 TeV centre of mass energy, luminosity ramping up to few 1033 cm-2 s-1, few fb-1 delivered

2030ILC, High energy LHC, ... ?

ILC, High energy LHC, ... ?

Phase-II: High-luminosity LHC. New focussing magnets and CRAB cavities for very high luminosity with levelling

Phase-II: High-luminosity LHC. New focussing magnets and CRAB cavities for very high luminosity with levelling

Injector and LHC Phase-I upgrades to go to ultimate luminosityInjector and LHC Phase-I upgrades to go to ultimate luminosity

LHC shut-down to prepare machine for design energy and nominal luminosity

LHC shut-down to prepare machine for design energy and nominal luminosity

Run 4: Collect data until > 3000 fb-1

Run 3: Ramp up luminosity to 2.2 x nominal, reaching ~100 fb -1 / year accumulate few hundred fb-1

Run 2: Ramp up luminosity to nominal (1034 cm-2 s-1), ~50 to 100 fb-

1

04/21/2325

LHC shut-down 2013-2014 to prepare machine for nominal 7 TeV design energy

and nominal luminosity

Main elements: Main elements:

• Improvement of the injector chain: New Linac4

• Collimators stage 2

• Consolidation of SC splices

• Enhanced protection systems:

– Quench Protection System

– Larger pressure relieve valves

• Consolidation of the existing injection chain (ongoing)

Linac4 accelerating structures – challenging technologies

DTL, 3 – 50 MeV CCDTL, 50 – 100 MeV PIMS, 100 – 160 MeV

7-cell cavities in p-mode (12 cavities)

Prototype testedProduction started 2010

Drift Tube Linac (3 tanks)

Prototype built, under testing.Costruction started 2010

Cell-Coupled Drift Tube Linac (7 modules)

Modules of 3 DTL-type cavities (2 drift tubes), connected by coupling cells.

Prototypes built and tested, construction started in 2010

Linac4 collaborations

H-source RFQ DTL

45 keV 3 MeV 50 MeV 90 MeV 160 MeV

chopper line CCDTL PIMS transfer line to PSBLEBT

80 m

Chopper line in a EU Joint Research ActivityCOMPLETED

CERN with different partners(Bilbao-Spain)

French in-kind contribution: RFQ design & test, RF amplifiers, modulators - approved

ISTC Project (Russia-EU) for CCDTL

Collaboration agreement with Poland

Transfer line vacuum chambers and supports from Pakistan

Tuners, couplers, prototype modulator, waveguides from India, in preparation

Support from DESY (D) for ion source design. Prototype built but needsre-design !!!

Shutdown 2013-2014 – Collaboration aspectsShutdown 2013-2014 – Collaboration aspects

• Many tasks already done in collaboration with external Institutes!

but we count also on..

• Help of external specialists (nearly 100 needed) for the tasks related to the Consolidation of SC splices and the Enhanced protection systems. Specialist teams from Poland - Krakow, Russia – Protvino, JINR-Dubna, Pakistan… will hopefully help us, most of them with the previous experience of the LHC Commissioning!

30

Enhanced QPSLarger relief valves2 DN200 / dipole (DS and mid-arc)

LHC - Enhanced Protection Systems – JINR contribution

Team from JINR Dubna

Teams from JINR Dubna and IHEP Protvino

Phase I Upgrade: 2017-2018: Injector and LHC upgrade to higher luminosity

(up to 2.2 x nominal)

Main elements: Main elements:

• New magnets for Interaction Regions?

• Collimators

• Consolidation of the existing injection chain (ongoing)

• Cryogenics for new RF

• Preparation for Crab cavities

Phase II Upgrade: 2021-2022: High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC)

Main elements: Main elements:

• New high field insertion quadrupoles (and some other special magnets)

• CRAB cavities for very high luminosity with levelling

• Upgrade of the intensity in the injector chain

• Upgraded Collimator system

HL-LHC and HE-LHC: Collaboration aspectsHL-LHC and HE-LHC: Collaboration aspects

Most of the work is done through collaborations and with coordination of ICFA, Eucard, EU….

HL-LHC composition

WP1 Project Management and Technical Coordination

WP2 Accelerator Physics and Performance

WP3 Magnet Design

WP5 IR Collimation

WP6 Cold Powering

WP4 Crab Cavities

HiLumi LHC

WP7 Machine Protection

WP8 Collider-Experiment Interface

WP9 Cryogenics

WP10 Energy Deposition and shielding

WP11 11 tesla dipole two-in-one

WP12 Integration & (de)installation

Non-HiLumi LHC

HL-LHC Design Study

CollimationProject

Matching section and correctors

Beam Diagnostics

High Field Magnets R&D

HE-LHC Studies Hardware Commissioning

15-04-2011 34L.Rossi @ HL kick off internal day

HiLumi is the focal point of 20 years of converging International collaboration

• The collaboration wiht US on LHC upgrade started during the construction of LHC

• EU programs have been instrumental in federating all EU efforts

• With Hi-Lumi the coordination makes a step further: from coordinated R&D to a common project

• CERN is not anymore the unique owner, rather is the motor and cathalizer of a wider effort.

• Managed like a large detector collaboration (with CERN in special position as operator of LHC)

23 July 2011 LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-EPS2011

35

Large participation FP7 HiLumiapplication 25 Nov 2010

23 July 2011LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-

EPS201136

Participant no.

Participant organisation name Short name

Country

1 (Coord-inator)

European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN IEIO1

2 Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives

CEA France

3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS France

4 Stiftung Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Germany

5 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN Italy

6 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics BINP Russia

7 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC Spain

8 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Switzerland

9 Royal Holloway, University of London RHUL UK

10 University of Southampton SOTON UK

11 Science & Technology Facilities Council STFC UK

12 University of Lancaster ULANC UK

13 University of Liverpool UNILIV UK

14 University of Manchester UNIMAN UK

15 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization KEK Japan

16 Brookhaven National Laboratory BNL USA

17 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)

FNAL USA

18 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL USA

19 Old Dominion University ODU USA

20 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory SLAC USA

1 International European Interest Organisation

cz

crossing angle reduces the luminosity

• luminosity loss comes from imperfect geometric overlap• it becomes significant if zc/2>x

* or piw>1 with piw=zc/(2x*) the

“Piwinski angle”

F. Zimmermann & R. Calaga

23 July 2011 37LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-

EPS2011

crab crossing restores bunch overlap

c

• RF crab cavity deflects head and tail in opposite direction so that collision is effectively “head on” for luminosity and tune shift

• bunch centroids still cross at an angle (easy separation)• 1st proposed in 1988, in operation at KEKB since 2007

→ world record luminosity!

F. Zimmermann & R. Calaga

23 July 2011 38LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-

EPS2011

And futrher.....2030??: High Energy LHC (HE-LHC)

Main issues: Main issues: • High field 20 T dipole magnets based on Nb3Sn,

Nb3Al, and HTS

• High gradient quadrupole magnets for arc and IR

• Fast cycling SC magnets for 1 TeV injector

• ................

Is there a further exploitation of the LHC tunnel and infrastructure?

23 July 2011LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-

EPS201140

We need to go faster than for LHC recovering the track on the straightline.But LHC « suffered » from LEP and LEP II endeavour

Looking at performance offered by practical SC, considering tunnel size and basic engineering (forces, stresses, energy) the practical limits is around 20 T. This could be compared to a 40 T solenoid!

LARP (US LHC program) Magnets

SQSM TQS

LR

LQS-4m

HQTQC

23 July 2011 41LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-

EPS2011

CERN: recent achievement of 12.5 T in a (first) 400 mm Nb3Sn coil!

23 July 2011LHC Upgrade - L.Rossi@HEP-

EPS201142

12.5 tesla level

10 tesla level

Superconducting linac (160 MeV 4 GeV) with ejection at intermediate energy

Length: ~430 m

Medium cryomodul

e

High cryomodule

sEje

cti

on

9 x 6=0.65 cavities

5 x 8=1

cavities

14 x 8=1

cavitiesTT

6 to

ISO

LD

E

Debunchers

To

PS

2

High cryomodule

s

Fro

m L

inac

4

0 m0.16 GeV

110 m0.73 GeV

186 m1.4 GeV

427 m4 GeV

Generic StudyGeneric StudySuperconducting Proton LinacSuperconducting Proton Linac - Block diagram- Block diagram

Prototype: Elliptical 5 cell bulk Niobium cavities

from G. Devanz – HIPPI meeting Nov. 2007

SPL Technology – Superconducting CavitiesSPL Technology – Superconducting Cavities

Future Linear Colliders - studies on CLIC and ILC

Competition of two concepts of linear electron-positron colliders:

CLIC – Compact Linear Collider, developed by CLIC Collaboration (CERN), 3 TeV , based on warm RF cavities at 12 GHz, with novel concept of two beams;Tested at CLIC Test Facility (CTF3).

ILC – International Linear Collider (international collaboration), 0.5 TeV, based on Superconducting cavities.

…..Competition but also cooperation CLIC – ILC !!!

CLIC - two-beam acceleration concept

• The high RF power to accelerate the main beam is extracted from a second high-intensity relativistic electron beam, the so-called ‘drive beam’ that runs parallel to the main beam. The drive beam is decelerated to provide the RF power to accelerate the main beam itself.

The two-beam concept has been successfully tested at CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility)

CLIC - Layout @ 3 TeV (not to scale)

Drive Beam Generation

Complex

Main Beam Generation

Complex

Courtesy of JP Delahaye

48EPAC 2008 CLIC / CTF3 G.Geschonke, CERN

Helsinki Institute of Physics (Finland) IAP (Russia)IAP NASU (Ukraine)Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (Spain)INFN / LNF (Italy)J.Adams Institute, (UK)

University of Oslo (Norway)PSI (Switzerland),Polytech. University of Catalonia (Spain)RRCAT-Indore (India)Royal Holloway, Univ. London, (UK) SLAC (USA)Uppsala University (Sweden)

Ankara University (Turkey)BINP (Russia)CERNCIEMAT (Spain)Cockcroft Institute (UK)Gazi Universities (Turkey)IRFU/Saclay (France)

JINR (Russia)JLAB (USA) KEK (Japan) LAL/Orsay (France) LAPP/ESIA (France)NCP (Pakistan)North-West. Univ. Illinois (USA)

27 collaborating institutes

http://clic-meeting.web.cern.ch/clic-meeting/CTF3_Coordination_Mtg/Table_MoU.htm24 members representing 27 institutes involving 17 funding agencies of 15 countries

World-wide CLIC / CTF3 collaboration

CLIC – Collaboration aspectsCLIC – Collaboration aspects

Call for contributions for the next development stage 2011-2016 now under discussion

13 Work Packages - development and construction of critical CLIC components and technologies

Concluding...Concluding...

Accelerator projects – multidisciplinary tasks requiringcollaboration of Physicists with top specialists from various branches of Engineering and Industry:

• Electrical• Vacuum and UH Vacuum• Mechanical• Cryogenics• Electronics and Controls• Materials / Surface techniques• Instrumentation• Computing• …and for Large Projects, also

…..Civil Engineering, Survey specialists, Environmental expertise…

Thank youBlagodaria

Spasibo

Thank youBlagodaria

Spasibo