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The introduction of local system services – the case of storage in the low voltage network. Yoush van Vlimmeren, University of Technology Eindhoven ; Greet M.A. Vanalme , University of Technology Eindhoven ; Geert P.J. Verbong, University of Technology Eindhoven; - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
The introduction of local system services – the case of storage in the low voltage network
Yoush van Vlimmeren, University of Technology Eindhoven; Greet M.A. Vanalme, University of Technology Eindhoven; Geert P.J. Verbong, University of Technology Eindhoven;
Martijn Bongaerts, Alliander; Wil L. Kling, University of Technology Eindhoven
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Contents
• Introduction• Local system services• Fitting local system services in the market• Case study: local system services using locally
available storage• Conclusions
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Introduction
Socio-economic trends• Renewable energy sources ↑ • New loads: E-cars, heat
pumps
Challenges electricity system• Unbalance ↑• Local congestion ↑
Research topic: Local system services (LSS)LSS use locally available flexibility
(e.g. CHP, flexible load, storage,…)
Problem definition
Current system services might become insufficient
!
TSO
DSO
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Local system servicesLocal for local Local for global• Voltage control• Network alleviation• Island or micro grid operation• Right-through capability• Local balance control
• Provide unbalance power• Reduce installed generation
capacity• Reduce network losses• Improve network efficiency• Contribute to global balance
control
Local for local: location of LSS supplying devices important Local for global: need of large number of devices + effective control
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Fitting LSS in the market
Actor Possible impact of LSSConsumer Cheaper energy in exchange of flexibility, privacy
issues
TSO More complexity
DNO May offer additional services (DNO → DSO)
BRP Local balance control might assist global balance
Supplier As contact to consumer: new contracts
Regulator New legislationService company
May offer services (buying/ selling energy, selling flexibility, …)
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Fitting LSS in the market - barriers• Technical challenges
• Effective, reliable and secured control & communication
• Legislation• Requirements for suppliers of system services
(minimum 5 MW unbalance power, 100% availability, direct control by TSO, registration and bidding needed at TSO level)
• Tariff structure DSO
• Established routines• Main actors have no direct need for LSS• …
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Case study: LSS using storageIntroduction• LSS in residential area,
local congestion management + balance keeping
• Using storage (+) promising new technology, with little intrusion in consumer’s comfort(-) expensive strategies where storage can address several markets /
fulfil several system services are studied
• Simulations for 3 configurations• Electric heat pump + E-car for each house• E-car + PV for each house• CHP, electric heat pump, E-car and PV for 50% of houses
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Case study: LSS using storage
Place storage
Control level
Control strategy Simulation name
Every house
Residential Difference in tariffs: day-night, feed-in –extraction,…
(none)
Household responds on signal sent by integrating party if beneficial.
Houses, price
Every house
Central APX driven (none)Service driven Houses, direct
Substation Central DSO control Central, direct
Substation Central Commercial control Central, price
Control strategies of storage in residential area
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Case study: LSS using storageSimulations: Control of storage device
Storage controller
Signal converter
Direct (-1/0/1) or price based stimulus signal
Loading transf.
Unbalance
Energy price
Storage power
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Case study: LSS using storage
eHP + E-car E- car + PV MixtureNo control 1030 hours 17 hours 0 hoursHouses, direct 650 hours 0 hours 0 hoursHouses, price 630 hours 7 hours 0 hoursCentral, direct 930 hours 26 hours 0 hoursCentral, price 930 hours 9 hours 0 hours
Yearly transformer overloading (hours)
Simulation results
• Beneficial effects on transformer loading
• Distribution networks with a high degree of utilisation (e.g. eHP+ E-car) less suitable for providing LSS
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Case study: LSS using storage
Tran
sfor
mer
load
ing
[kW
]
No storage
With storage
Tran
sfor
mer
load
ing
[%]
No storage
With storage
Simulation results: transformer loadingDirect control
• Reaction of storage on unbalance signal extra peaks in transformer loading
• Price signals induce peak shaving
Price based control
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Simulation results: summary• Beneficial effects on transformer loading, voltages and losses within
LV network
• Distribution networks with a high degree of utilisation (e.g. eHP+ E-car) are less suitable for providing LSS
• Possible transformer overloading due to unbalance signal solution: prioritize congestion signal
• Price signals induce peak shaving
• Interference between market and congestion signals reduces the responsiveness of the storage units
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Case study: LSS using storage
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Case study: LSS using storageInstitutional embedding – actor tasks and responsibilities
Control Consumer DNO BRP Regulator
Houses, direct
- Own storage- Allow control
- Send network signal - Measure response
Send BRP signal
Allow tariff change
Houses, price
- Own storage- Set price threshold
Central, direct
(none) Own storage Send BRP signal
Allow storage ownership by DNO
Central, price
(none) Send congestion signal Own storage
(none)
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Greet Vanalme – NL – RIF Session 6 – Paper 0786
Conclusions• LSS for “for local” (network alleviation, voltage control,…): suitable
but• No incentive for DSO• Adaptation of tariff system needed• Storage expensive
• LSS for “for global” (access to high value markets): more barriers• More complex control scheme needed• More legislative barriers• Actors have no need to implement
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