GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1 Your Name Mrs. Beasley English II 24 August 2015

GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1Your Name

Mrs. Beasley

English II

24 August 2015

NOTE: The English Department at GHS uses MLA (Modern Language Association) formatting.

Grammar I.2.1 Monday 8/24/2015 ENGII

PreTask: What do you notice???Notice the parts of speech as you read this passage.

He and all the crew were watching me intently, their faces filled with tension and concern. I put my head down, and something suddenly clicked.

MENTOR TEXT: “Swimming to Antarctica” by Lynne Cox.

Questions:1. Which nouns are concrete, and

which are abstract?

2. Which part of speech are the words intently and suddenly, and what words do they modify?

Answers:1. The concrete nouns are crew,faces, and head. The abstract nouns are tension and concern.

2. Intently (modifying watching) and suddenly (modifying clicked)are both adverbs.

ENG II 8/24/2015

EQ: What are parts of speech and why is it important to learn about them? Questions Notes

Summary

There are 8 different parts of speech:

1. Nouns2. Pronouns3. Verbs4. Adjectives5. Adverbs 6. Prepositions7. Conjunctions8. Interjections

Knowing the parts of speech will lead to excellent writing.

Cornell Notes

Grammar I.2.2

EQ: Why are nouns important? Questions Notes

Summary

The word “noun” comes from the Latin “nomen,” which means name.

Cornell Notes

A noun is a part of speech that names a person, place, thing.

Grammar I.2.2

EQ: Why are nouns important? Questions Notes

Summary

Concrete Nouns name something you can taste, see, touch, smell, or hear.

Cornell Notes

Abstract Nouns name something you can not perceive through your 5 senses.

Grammar I.2.2

EQ: Why are nouns important? Questions Notes

Summary

Collective Nouns name a group of people or things.

Cornell Notes

Compound Nouns are made up of two or more words acting as a single unit and may be written as separate words, hyphenated words, or combined

words.

Grammar I.2.2

EQ: Why are nouns important? Questions Notes

Summary

Common Nouns name any one of a class of people, places, or things. These are lower cased when written.

Cornell Notes

Proper Nouns name a specific person, place, or thing.

These are capitalized when written.

Noun of Direct Address name of a specific person to

whom you are directly speaking. Always proper.

Grammar I.2.2

POST Task: Do you got it???Label the types of nouns in the examples

Person ,Place, or Thing?

library, Dallas, garden, city, kitchen, James River,

Uncle Mike, neighbor, girls, swimmer, Bob

chair, pencil, freedom, research, happiness

Grammar I.2.2

POST Task: Do you got it???Label the types of nouns in the examples

Concrete or Abstract?

hope, improvement, independence

person, cannon, road, city, music

Grammar I.2.2

POST Task: Do you got it???Label the types of nouns in the examples

Collective or Compound?

army, choir, troop, class, crew, faculty

coffee table, battlefield, self-rule

Grammar I.2.2

POST Task: Do you got it???Label the types of nouns in the examples

Common or Proper?

dog, dad, doctor, flower, rose, woman

UGA, Alex, Dr. Flinn, Main Street

13.1 A and BHomework Handout

Grammar I.2.3

EQ: Why are pronouns important? Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

A pronoun is a part of speech that stands in for a noun.Pronouns helps writers or speakers avoid awkward repetition of nouns.

The Antecedent is the noun to which the pronoun refers. It comes before the pronoun.

Grammar I.2.2

POST Task: Do you got it???Circle the pronoun and underline the antecedent.

Goofy is here, and he is happy.

The cat ate its food.

Jarjar gave his book to Lizzy.

Grammar Notes • Brought to you by

Grammar Girl

8/31/2015

EQ: How do I make nouns plural?Questions Notes

Summary

It is easy to make nouns plural. The last letter or letters of the word determine what you need to do.

Cornell Notes

8/31/2015

Questions Notes

Summary

Usually, you just add “s”

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

ActionHolePencil

ActionsHolesPencils

8/31/2015

EQ:Questions Notes

Summary

When the word ends in ch,s, sh, x, or z, add es.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

BirchesFoxesKlutzesPlatypusesThrushes

BirchFoxKlutzPlatypusThrush

8/31/2015

Questions Notes

Summary

When the word ends in y, look at the letter before the y. If it is a vowel, add s.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

HolidaysKeys

HolidayKey

8/31/2015

Questions Notes

Summary

When the word ends in y, look at the letter before the y. If it is a consonant, change the y to i, and add es.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

ralliesrally

8/31/2015

Questions Notes

Summary

Words that end in o, are random. Some take s and others, es. You have to memorize the spelling.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

CellosEchoesKangaroosTomatoes

CelloEchoKangarooTomato

8/31/2015

Questions Notes

Summary

If you are dealing with a family name, or product, just add s.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

BlackberrysClerys

BlackberryClery

8/31/2015

EQ:Questions Notes

Summary

With compound nouns, add s to most important word.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

Brothers-in-lawRunners-up

Brother-in-lawRunner-up

8/31/2015

EQ:Questions Notes

Summary

With abbreviations, add a small s.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

CDDVDM.D.

CDsDVDsM.D.s

8/31/2015

Questions Notes

Summary

Some nouns defy the rules altogether.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

TeethDeerOxenChildrenMiceKnives

ToothDeerOxChildMouseKnife

GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1Your Name

Mrs. Beasley

English II

24 August 2015

NOTE: The English Department at GHS uses MLA (Modern Language Association) formatting.

Grammar Notes • Brought to you by

Grammar Girl

8/31/2015

EQ:Questions Notes

Summary

NounsPronouns and Antecedents Making Nouns Plural

Cornell Notes

EQ: How are pronouns categorized?Questions Notes

Summary

Pronouns are bunched together into 3 cases (categories).

Cornell Notes

Subjective Case The doer of the action; the one who acts She ate 30 bananas.

EQ: How are pronouns categorized?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

Objective Case

The receiver of the action; the one who sits back and lets it all happen to her (or him).

The judge gave her the prize.

EQ: How are pronouns categorized?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

Possessive Case

Shows ownership

Her dog threw up on my shoes.

EQ: How are pronouns categorized?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

First PersonTells the story from the point of view of the person who is talking.

I often wonder what my dog is thinking.

EQ: How are pronouns categorized?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

Second Person

Directs the text to you, the reader. It’s usually used in nonfiction.

Try not using a pronoun for an hour; see if you can.

EQ: How are pronouns categorized?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

Third Person

Observes the story from the outside. The narrator can let you know what is happening in different people’s thoughts and can follow different characters.Sarah hates cats; so, she was surprised to find one in her room.

EQ: How are pronouns categorized?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

NOTE

I is only used as a subject

I will go.

Me is only used as an object

Give the book to me.

You threw the ball; Squig threw you.

You can be used both ways.

EQ: How are pronouns categorized?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

Sometimes the pronoun you is invisible.

Smell the roses.

Catch that cat.

8/31/2015

EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs?Questions Notes

Summary

A verb is a word or group of words that expresses time while showing action, a condition, or the fact that something exists.

Cornell Notes

8/31/2015

EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs?Questions Notes

Summary

An action verb tells what action someone or something is performing.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

Tara learned about summer sports.The TV blared.

We chose two artists from Texas.I remember the film about the Alamo.

8/31/2015

EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs?Questions Notes

Summary

A linking verb is a verb that connects its subject with a noun, pronoun, or adjective that identifies or describes the subject.

Cornell Notes

EXAMPLES:

The man is a famous actor.

The stage floor seems polished.

8/31/2015

EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

The Most Common Linking Verbs:The forms of be . . .

am am being can be had been

is is being could be has been

are are being may be have been

was was being must be could have been

were were being shall be may have been

should be might have been

will be shall have been

would be should have been

will have been

would have been

8/31/2015

EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs?Questions Notes

Summary

Cornell Notes

Other Linking Verbs:

Other Linking Verbs

Appear Look Sound

Become Remain Stay

Feel Seem Taste

grow smell Turn

EXAMPLES:

The fans sound happy.

The driver stayed alert.

GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1Your Name

Mrs. Beasley

English II

24 August 2015

NOTE: The English Department at GHS uses MLA (Modern Language Association) formatting.

8/31/2015

EQ:Questions Notes

Summary

NounsPronouns and Antecedents Making Nouns PluralThe Pronoun Categories Verbs – Action and Linking

Cornell Notes

EQ: How can I tell action and linking verbs apart?Questions

Notes

Sometimes words can be used as action verbs or linking verbs, depending on the sentence.

Summary

Cornell Notes

EQ: How can I tell action and linking verbs apart?

Answers

Summary

Practice:

Cornell Notes

Squig appears happy.

Squig appears in the crowd.

The orc tastes the soup.The orc tastes yucky.

Aard looks nice.

Aard looks at the sky.