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Gramin Krishi Mausam
Sewa: Achievements and
Future Plan
Dr. N. Chattopadhyay
Deputy Director General of Meteorology (Agrimet), Agricultural Meteorology Division, IMD, Pune
E-mail: nabansu.nc@gmail.com
Procedures in place for GKMS
Data collection, quality control and continuity
Analysis and model runs
Interpretation of products
Formulation of information and advisory
Dissemination
Training and research
Feedback
Interdisciplinary communication (tri-partite dialogue and
collaboration)
Evaluation (Economic) of services
Basic Philosophy & Primary
Requirements in GKMS
Issues to Improve Agromet
Services
Know the farming systems & their
potential
Be culturally sensitive & Win trust of
farmers
Develop alternatives / options / choices
Demonstrate how climate / weather info
helps make good decisions
Identify weather sensitive farm
activities/operations
Use seasonal calendar to identify
farm activities
Use matrix to identify critical
decisions and relevant climate
parameters
Hands‐on learning – role plays to
illustrate long‐term rainfall
Formulation of information and advisory
Advisories based on weather/climate &
cropping information.
Climate predictions and meteorological
forecasts with added value for agriculture.
Monitoring and early warning services
connected to climate.
Products of agroclimatological characterization;
Development & validation of adaptation
strategies.
Quality of Bulletin
Accuracy: The information should seek to address or
solve an issue or problem based on sound science.
Robustness: The method or product should be versatile
to operate under a variety of conditions.
Clarity and be meaningful:. The information should be
easily understandable by the user.
Timeliness. The information can be created and
provided in a reasonable time frame.
Environmental soundness. The information encourages
environmentally friendly procedures.
Economic viability. The information can be
economically justified.
State-wise district level AAS
Bulletin -608 Bulletins Target is to issue 615
district wise bulletins
Disseminating agromet
advisories to 7.07 millions
farmers under PPP mode
State Name Total State Name Total
Andaman and
Nicobar 3
Madhya
Pradesh 50
Andhra Pradesh 22 Maharashtra 32
Arunachal
Pradesh 14 Manipur 9
Assam 26 Meghalaya 7
Bihar 38 Mizoram 8
Chhattisgarh 25 Nagaland 11
Delhi 1 Orissa 21
Gujarat 26 Punjab 21
Haryana 21 Rajasthan 33
Himachal
Pradesh 12
Tamil Nadu &
Puducherry 34
Jammu and
Kashmir 21 Tripura 8
Jharkhand 24 Uttar Pradesh 67
Karnataka 30 Uttarakhand 11
Kerala 14 West Bengal 18
Why are Farmers Vulnerable?
Shocks or extreme events Floods, droughts, cyclones
Seasons are different Delayed start of rainy season
Extreme temperatures
Other trends or changes Technology advances
June Rainfall -43%
National AAS Bulletin based on Extended Range Weather
Forecast for seasonal outlook in operational mode
EXAMPLE OF PLANTING DATE
GUIDE
CROP = SORGHUM
CROP CYCLE LENGTH : 120 DAYS
DO NOT PLANT BEFORE 1 JUNE
BETWEEN 1 AND 10 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY
RAINFALL OF 40 MM;
BETWEEN 11 AND 20 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY
RAINFALL OF 20 MM;
BETWEEN 21 AND 30 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY
RAINFALL OF 10 MM
BETWEEN 1 AND 10 JULY EVEN IF DRY, BUT PREFERABLY AFTER RAIN;
PLANT AFTER THIS PERIOD, IT IS RECOMMANDED TO PLANT A VARIETY
WITH A SHORTER CYCLE
Seasonal forecast for AAS Kharif Rabi
Monthly and Cumulative Standardized
Precipitation Index (SPI) (Drought monitoring
index) maps are generated for Climate
monitoring over India
Drought Monitoring
….Central and
Northern parts of the
country have
suffered large
deficits even till
August
Need to incorporate in AMFU Bulletins
Need of dissemination of agromet
advisories under extreme events
Cyclone HUDHUD
Cyclone Nilofar
Cyclone Phailin
NOKIA, Reuter Market Light, Reliance
Foundation, IKSL has taken initiatives in
such events. Advisories also sent by
AMFUs through Kisan Portal also.
Need more and more involvement
under such events.
Estimation of Soil Moisture based on Satellite Data
Technology developed by ICRS, Jodhpur is being
operationilized in Agrimet Division, IMD,Pune for estimation of
soil moisture for the states Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar
Pradesh.
Maps have been generated on experimental mode in near real
time using satellite data viz. soil moisture and brightness
temperature data received from SMOS, NDVI values from MODIS
and LST values from SSMIS sensors
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh Need to incorporate in AMFU Bulletins
Proposed micromet tower for measurement of
Evapotranspiration
Remote Sensing & GIS in AAS
Remote sensing based products can assist in selecting sowing/harvesting time, scheduling irrigation, nutrient
management, pests and diseases management, intercultural operations, beside defining the initial condition of
the atmosphere for Numerical Weather Prediction models.
The areas where Remote sensing products will be useful are the following:
Soil (Moisture, temperature, Nutrient, Erosion)
Crop (Coverage, vigor, yield assessment)
Crop sowing/Harvesting Time
Forest Status Monitoring & Forest Fire
Biotic & Abiotic Stresses On Crops
Pest Disease Surveillance
Analysis of agrometeorological information using GIS is useful to find
Potentiality of the area for a particular crop
Expected crop yield
Estimation of crop suitability, integrating factors affecting them under GIS environment
Evaluate risks and suggest alternative crops or cropping system for an area.
Tools used and the products eminating from them, must be supported by a physical and computing infrastructure
that allows for software development and use, and an accessible web platform. These must also be managed by
competent IT personnel.
It is proposed to make arrangements for
Agromet data collection on line.
Existing agromet observatories will be
modernised.
Basic and derived Agromet Parameters and crop
information including remote sensing data will
be collected on line.
This data centre will be linked with the National
Data Centre of IMD located at Pune.
Agromet Data Centre
Pilot projects under Dissemination
Mahindra and
Mahindra
Maharashtra
Central Silk Board,
Bangaluru,
Karnataka
CAB
International ,
New Delhi
Reliance
Foundation
Pune and Parbhani Ananthpur Hassan,
Chickmangalore
and Kodagu
Five states
All the crops Sericulture Coffee growers Interactive voice
Response
technology
Dissemination of Agromet Advisory
1. SMS / IVRS to relatively much larger number of farmers.
2. Modernize Agrimet website to make interactive
3. Multi Platform backend: Web based and frontend.
4. Multi Linkages among Agri Experts, Knowledge Institutions,
Services Providers, etc.
5. ICT based agricultural information dissemination models.
6. Media Lab Asia : An Interactive Information Dissemination System
(IIDS)
7. Agrimet Domain linked to websites of other Ministries viz: Rural,
Panchayati Raj etc.
Critical issues of Farmer’s portal All the AMFUs have to
take active initiative to
send SMS through
Kisan Portal
11 AMFUs have not
registered under the
portal
SAMCs should utilize
the portal for frequent
dissemination of
weather to the farming
community
Mobile phone application for early
warning in agriculture
A few relevant aspects for the type
of applications in agriculture:
for advice, education, and
awareness,
to farmers about good
practices, crop varieties, and pest
or disease management;
for pest and disease outbreak
warning,
to facilitate communication
between the supplier and the user
of the agrometeorological
products;
to contribute to the
improvement of the users’
performance;
to lead to objective and high
quality decisions.
Awareness / Review Programmes Farmer Awareness programme State Level Review meeting
AMFU Jhabua, Raipur, Portblair, Anathapuram,
Chennai, Hyderabad, Aduthurai, New Delhi conducted
farmer awareness programme from June to August
2014. Five rainguages were distributed to progressive
farmers in the programme. In addition, some private
companies like Reliance Foundation, Mahindra
Samriddhi are organising such programmes.
RMC Chennai,LUCKNOW
conducted state level review
meeting on 22 Feb 2014 with
a theme “Role of AMFUs in shaping up IAAS in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry”. DGM and other High level dignitaries from IMD and Technical and Nodal officers from AMFUs participated in the meeting. State Level Review
meeting
Farmer Awareness programme
Target is to conduct Farmer Awareness Programmes at
remaining AMFU locations upto March 2015
Blocks covered under Pilot Mode State District Block State District Block
Andaman and Nicobar N&M Andaman 3 Andhra Pradesh Karimnagar 57
Arunachal Pradesh West Siang 18 Assam Jorhat 8
Bihar Samstipur 20 Chandigarh Chandigarh 1
Chattisgarh Raipur 4 Dadra & Nagar Haveli Silvasa 1
Daman-Diu Diu 1 Delhi West Delhi 1
Goa North-Goa 6 Gujrat Anand 8
Haryana Ambala
Hissar
6
9
Himachal Pradesh Shimla 10
Jammu and Kashmir Jammu 8 Jharkhand Dhanbad 8
Karnataka Dharwad 5 Kerala Trissur 16
Lakshadweep Lakshadweep 9 Madhya Pradesh Seoni 8
Maharashtra Satara 11 Manipur Imphal-East 3
Meghalaya Ri-bhoi 3 Mizoram Kolasib 2
Nagaland Dimapur 4 Odisha Khordha 10
Pondicherry Pondicherry 6 Punjab Kapurthala 5
Rajasthan Jaipur 13 Sikkim East-District 9
TamilNadu Dindigul 14 Tripura West-Tripura 6
Uttar Pradesh Meerut 12 Uttar Pradesh Varanasi 8
Uttrakhand Udamsingh Nagar 7 West-Bengal Bankura 22
Establishment of District AgroMet Units (DAMUs)
In collaboration with ICAR, 240 DAMUs to be set
up in phased manner at Krishi Vigyan kendra
(KVKs) by strengthening the existing
infrastructure.
The expert group of agriculture scientists
available at KVK will be involved in preparation
of Agromet Advisory.
Engage farmers in developing
advisories Use farmer developed decision trees with weather forecast info as triggers;
b) Discuss what added value they need as well as T & rain;
c) Add this info with the choices to weather forecasts;
d) Use crop model outputs to give gradients and range of coping strategies
according to different conditions e.g.
i. Cultivar choice
ii. Planting dates
iii. Plant population
iv. Fertilizer amounts & application timing
e) Brainstorm & discuss options for presentation & dissemination
methods; &
f) Meet other farmer groups to test various interventions ‐
Engage in discussion & questioning.
Block level forecast-Pilot study
Watershed organisation Trust
Capacity building
AMFU Training
Course
DLWF
Training
AMFU Training Course DLWF Training Telefarm advisors training
Training course on
“Agrometeorology towards
better advisories for serving
end uses requirements” was
organised from 26th
November to 16th December
2013
A training programme on
“Improvement of District
Level Weather Forecast
(DLWF) for Agromet
Advisory Services” was
organized at Regional
Meteorological Centre
Kolkata during 4th and 5th
December, 2013.
Organised training for
Telefarm Advisors of IFFCO
during 10-14 March 2014 to
„Application of Weather
Based Agrometeorological
Advisories
Customized Training Course Organised training on
„Agrometeorology towards
better Advisories for serving
end users requirement‟ jointly
organised by the Agricultural
Meteorology Division and
German International
Cooperation ( GIZ ) from 25-
29 August 2014.
Telefarm training
36
Proposed Programme on Capacity building for:
SAUS
KVK – ATMA
Local level leaders
Local extension team
Farmers
Input dealers
Marketing chains
APMC retail marketing- wholesalers
Training
Climatological Analyses particularly of raninfall and temperature
Weather forecasting and services specific to agriculture
Micro-meteorology
Crop water use and irrigation management
Crop simulation modelling
Role of Meteorology in Crop protection, including pests and
diseases modelling
Weather, Climate and Livestock, poultry and fish production
Climate Change and Agriculture
Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing in
Agrometeorology
Training for Extension Officer
Agriculture Extension Officers have been providing important
advice and support for farmers.
However, it was found that most of these officers are ill-equipped to
provide important advice with respect to weather and climate
issues .
In an era of changing climate and increased weather and climate
risks, advice on these issues is becoming increasingly important.
Extension Officers must therefore be made better equipped
through training in relevant aspects of agrometeorology.
Also critical is that the awareness training continue for farmers in
the interpretation of weather and climate information, as this would
boost decision-making at the level of the unit of production
Climate field school-experience
from INDONESIA
Participation in Kisan Melas
‘Krishi Vasant 2014’, country’s biggest National Agriculture fair cum exhibition was
organized at Central Institute of Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur during 9th to 13th
February, 2014, a joint effort by Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, Government
of Maharashtra and Confederation of Indian Industry.
Farmers’ feedback Shri Narayan Bhai Chawda (Krishi Pandit),
Village–Gomchi, Raipur
Since 1992, I have been getting these weather-
based agro-advisories regularly on the evening
of every Tuesday and Friday. Although, we have
been involved in agriculture since last 30 to 35
years, these agro-advisories are certainly playing
very important role in planning our agriculture
activities. Vegetables and the cereals are the
major crops grown in my agriculture farm.
Shri Jayant Bhai Taunk, Village-Doma, Raipur
Weather forecasts and agro-advisories
issued by the university are definitely
playing an important role and I am
very much dependent on AAS bulletins
for scheduling different agricultural
operations like fertilizer application,
spraying of weedicides and pesticides,
drip irrigation etc. I am very much
interested in satellite pictures. It would
be better if these pictures appear in
local Newspapers every day.
Feedback
User feedback is always an important indicator of the usefulness of
products and services. It is important to know what is working and
what s not, what improvements can be made, the gaps to be filled,
and equally importantly if the necessary messages are reaching
intended targets.
Feedback can be acquired through the following examples:
Forums for farmers that would include Agrometeorological
Services personnel, policy makers, Agriculture Extension Services
and University scientists and researchers;
Using technology though Listserves, web blogs and e-forums, on-
line or paper surveys, e-mails
Feedback
The feedback from the farmers can be extremely useful
for the following:
Quality and relevance of Advisories.
Whom farmers should contact for information and how
should the contact be made.
Problem solving through interactive mode.
Answering questions of common interest through
bulletins.
Accessibility to information via internet, ICT.
Accessibility to Experts & video Conferencing.
For instance,
studies showed
that the effective
use of this
information has
reduced the re-
sowing rate by 35%
and increased crop
yields by 20% to
25% on average,
compared to “non-
agromet” farms in
Africa.
10-25% economic benefit
obtained by the Indian farmers
Economic Assessment
User requirement The types of economic decision which require
agrometeorological products can be categorized according
to three time scales:
Long-term planning for agricultural development (rational
allocation of land, choice of crops, selection of species and
varieties).
Medium-term planning for the next season (choice of farming
area, crop varieties, etc.);
Short-term decisions regarding imminent farming operations
(choice of optimal sowing and harvest dates, dates and
quantities for fertilization, dates and quantities for irrigation,
etc.).
Economic Assessment
Service requirement To establish the worthiness of the service: Economic
impact has to be carried out in order to know its
potential benefits.
Service credibility:- Credibility is always closely linked
to forecast verification. Hence economic impact studies
need to be carried out to establish credibility in the eyes
of the potential users if optimum benefits are to be
derived from the marketing of the service.
Service accountability or justification: Assessment of
the service helps justifying the costs and the ongoing
need and existence of such a service.
Immediate Attention
Development of mechanism to provide Agromet advisories in
district level AAS bulletin based on the Severe Weather Warning of
IMD.
Development of WEB-GIS interface for display of AAS bulletins in
BHUVAN portal of Dept. of Space (DoS) and other related
Government websites.
Adoption of research projects keeping in view the operation
fulfilment of the objectives of GKMS project.
Development of methodology for climate risk management in
collaboration with CRIDA
Establishment of mechanism for immediate updating of the
Agromet advisories, even in daily time scale, based on the
emerging weather situation, to fulfill the requirement of Kisan
Channel.
Fixing the mandate of conducting minimum one workshop per year
by each AMFU
• Crop water management and its efficient use
• Development of integrated crop / pest
management and knowledge on response
farming strategies.
• Crop pest/disease/climate dynamics, animal and
climate relationships
• Crop Weather models: Statistical modelling of
crop weather relationship and Dynamic
simulation modelling of crop weather
interactions. Spatial crop yield forecasting.
Crop simulation models, decision support
system, expert system
• Early Warning and Monitoring of Drought
monitoring
• impact of climate change/variability and matters
of climate forecasting and prediction: Preparing
the farmers with coping strategies to meet
climate change
• Weather basedplanning and management to
enhance the agricultural productivity of the
country.
• Utilisation of agro-climatic information for
Agromet Advisories
• Develop and use of modern tools in
agrometeorology like GIS, remote sensing and
• Dry farming research
New R & D projects received under GKMS
In all around 12
proposal
received,
evaluation of
these project
proposals is in
progress
Work shop
Media workshop Satellite Meteorology
A workshop was organized for media
personnel to understand the complexities and
limitations of weather processes and
usefulness of weather infor-mation for the
purpose of agriculture, s, concepts and
definitions on 28th March 2014
A workshop was organized on
Applications of satellite information in
Operational Agromet Advisory Service
on 27th March 2014
Media workshop Satellite
New technologies
incorporated in Agromet Services
Alert for Fisherman
Alert System
Enhancing ICT through different modern modes of
communication is based on:
Establishing or enhancing two-way dialogue between providers
of products and services and the farmers to ensure that user
requirements are understood and met (e.g. via RCOFs); face-
to-face interaction is critical;
Developing a range of climate information and products and
delivery mechanisms to suit the capacities of the broad range of
farmers – many do not have Internet, some are illiterate, e.g. –
ensure the information is user-friendly;
Encouraging Public--‐private partnerships; helps create demand
and reduce costs;
Providing multiple Channels of communication; greater
involvement of private partners in the extension system.
Providing Interactive portals (in regional languages)
Making Multimodel Support: Audio, Video, Image, Text
Multi Platform Backend : Web based and frontend: Mobile
interface
Domain: Agriculture, Horticulture, Livestock and Fisheries
Establishing Multi Linkages: Agri Experts, Knowledge
Institutions, Services Providers (Financial / input etc)
Personalized Information in appropriate mode
The availability of Farm and Farmer Database including soil,
water, nutrients, GIS parameters etc.
Dissemination of model outputs via ICT
Creating an Interactive Information Dissemination System
(IIDS): Using Web, IVRS and Mobile technology
Integrated Cropping Calendar
Figure 1. Development process of Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System
The information system can
assist in:
Determining planting time of
crop for each planting season
(first crop, second crop and
third crop).
Determining cropping pattern,
crop rotation and technology
recommendation of each sub-
district.
Predicting potential planting
area to support cropping
systems and crop production
management.
Reducing the risk of decline and
failure of production and losses
to farmers due to drought,
floods and pest attacks.
CROP ZONING
CROP SUITABILITY
RISK MANAGEMENT
IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS
PRESERVE WATER RESOURCES
CROP PLANTING AND
HARVESTING
PEST MANAGEMENT
PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS
METAGRI Project;
ANADIA Project;
IWMI Project;
CCAFS Project;
CIWARA Project
59
Range of climate risk
management services for
smallholders –tools,
technologies
Integrated water resource
management
Integrated networks &
services
Early Warning and disaster
risk management
Climate modeling, weather
information and
environmental monitoring
Key Gaps in Agriculture
Climate Services
CREAM (Centre for Research and Excellence in
Agrometeorology )
The objectives of the centre would be:
1) To help farmers cope with climate risks and
uncertainties.
2) To help reduce the vulnerability of agroecosystems to
climate variability and change:
3) To help achieve greater efficiency in natural resource
use in agriculture:
4) To produce bi Weekly Crop and Weather Bulletin for
India:
5) To establish a World Class Training Programme in
Agricultural Meteorology:
6) To organize periodic Symposia/Conferences on
Agrometeorological Research and Applications:
Global Framework of Climate Services (GFCS)
OBSNL. NETWORK
S
DATA & COMMUNICATION
CLIM. PRODUCT
S
CLIMATE MONITORIN
G
CLIMATE INFO
CAPACITY BUILDING
GFCS
• Development of training course
modules
Data Acquisition and Quality Control
Techniques
Climate analysis Tools
Climate Prediction Tools
Climate System Processes
Map tools and GIS applications
• On the job training (week to
month)
• Long Term Training for
Meteorological Technicians and
Meteorologists
• Research Program
apprenticeships / fellowships
• University affiliated courses
Thank you!
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