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GOVT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTO)
KUMBAKONAM
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PG CBCS 2008-09
Semester Course Title Instruction
Hours/Cycle
Credit Marks Total
Int Ext
I
CCI Classical Dynamics and
Relativity
6 5 25 75 100
CCII Mathematical Physics I 6 5 25 75 100
CC III Statistical Mechanics 6 5 25 75 100
CCIV Practical I General
Experiments
6 5 40 60 100
EC I Electronics 6 4 25 75 100
Total 30 24 500
II
CCV Mathematical physics II 6 5 25 75 100
CCVI Quantum mechanics 6 5 25 75 100
CCVII Practical II Electronics 6 5 40 60 100
ECII C++ Programming 6 4 25 75 100
EDCI Laser and its applications 3 2 25 75 100
EDCII Astrophysics 3 2 25 75 100
Total 30 23 600
III
CC VIII Atomic and Molecular
Physics
6 5 25 75 100
CCIX Electro Magnetic Theory 6 5 25 75 100
CCX Nuclear and Particle Physics 6 5 25 75 100
CCXI Communication Electronics 6 5 25 75 100
CCXII Practical III Advanced
Electronics I
6 5 40 60 100
Total 30 25 500
IV CCXIII Condensed Matter Physics 6 6 25 75 100
CCXIV Practical IV Advanced
Electronics II
6 6 40 60 100
Project 18 6 20 80 100
Total 30 18 300
Total Hours -120
Credit -90
Marks -1900
M.Sc., Physics-Syllabus
CCI-CLASSICAL DYNAMICS AND RELATIVITY
UNIT-I :
Fundamental Principles and Lagrangian Formulation:
Mechanics of a particle and system of particles –Conservation laws-Constraints-
Generalized coordinates –D’Alember’s principle and Lagrange’s equation-Hamiltonian
Principle –Lagrange’s equation of motion
UNIT-II :
Lagrangian formulation : Applications
a.)Rigid body dynamics
Euler angles-Moments and products of inertia-Euler’s equations-Symmetrical top.
b.)Oscillatory Motion
Theory of small oscillations-Normal modes and frequencies-Two coupled
harmonic oscillators
Wave motion-Wave equation-Phase velocity-group velocity-Dispersion
UNIT III:
Hamilton’s Formulation
Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion-Hamilton’s equations from variational
principle-Principle of least action-Canonical transformations-Poisson brackets-Hamilton-
Jacobi method.
UNIT-IV :
Nonlinear Dynamics
Dynamical systems- mathematical implications of nonlinearity- definition and
defects of non linearity- regular and chaotic motion-linear and nonlinear oscillators,
phase trajectories- fixed points and limit cycles-period doubling bifurcation and onset of
chaos in logistic map-solitons-experiments of Kruskal and Zabusky on Kdv equation-
block diagram of IST and description.
UNIT V:
Relativity
Review of basic ideas of special theory of relativity- energy momentum four
vector- Minkowski’s four dimensional space-four and energy equations in relativistic
mechanics-Lagrangian formulation in relativistic mechanics-Invariance of Maxwell’s
equations under Lorentz transformation.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Classical Dynamics-Gupta Kumar
2. Classical Dynamics-Sathya Prakash
3. Non linear dynamics-M.Lakshmanan
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
Relevant chapters in
1. H.GOLDSTEIN, Classical mechanics, Narosa Book distributors, New
Delhi(1980)
2. N.C. RANA and P.S.JOAG, Classical mechanics, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New
Delhi
CCII – MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-I
UNIT I: Vector Fields
Gauss theorem, green’s theorem, Stoke’s theorem and applications- Orthogonal
Curvilinear coordinates-Expression for Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in
cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
UNIT II: Vector spaces
Definitions-Linear independence and linear dependence of vectors-Schmitt
Orthogonalisation process-Schwartz inequality.
Tensors
Transformation of coordinates – Summation convention - Contravariant,
Covariant, mixed tensors and Invariant tensors- Rank of a tensor - Symmetric and
antisymmetric tensor – contraction of tensor – Metric tensor.
UNIT III : Matrix theory:
Solution of linear algebraic equations – Rank of a matrix – Characteristics
equation of a matrix – Eigen values and Eigen vectors – Cayley – Hamilton theorem –
Reduction of a matrix to diagonal form – Hermitian and unitary matrices – Direct sum
and products of matrices – Sylvester’s theorem – Function of matrices.
UNIT IV : Ordinary Differential Equations
Linear ordinary differential equations – Elementary methods – Linear second
order differential equations with variable coefficients – Frobenius method – Variation of
parameters Sturm – Liouville differential equation.
UNIT V: Partial Differential Equations
Method of forming partial differential equations – Solutions by direct integration
– Method of separation of Variables – Special types of differential equations arising in
Physics – Diffusion equation – Wave equation.
BOOKS FOR STUDY :
1. Mathematical Physics-B.D. Guptha
2. Mathematical Physics- Sathya Prakash
3. Mathematical Physics- P.K. Chattpadhay
4. Mathematical Physics- A.K. Ghattak.T.C.Goyal&S.J.Chua
5. Matrices & Tensors in Physics – A.w.Joshi.
Books for reference
Relevant chapters in
1. G.ARFKEN and H.J. WEBER, Mathematical Methods for Pyhsicists 4th ed
prism Books, Bangalore(1995)
2. M.D. GREENBERG,Advanced engineering mathematics, 2nd edition
International ed Prentice- Hall international,NJ(1998)
3. E.Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th ed.Wiley,NY,(1999).
CCIII STATISTICAL MECHANICS
UNIT I: Thermodynamics
Energy and First law of thermodynamics – heat content and heat capacity –
Specific heat – entropy and the second law of thermodynamics – thermodynamic
potentials and the reciprocity relations – Maxwell’s relation – Properties of
thermodynamic relations – Gibb’s Helmholtz relation – thermodynamic equilibrium –
Nernst Heat theorem.
UNIT II : Kinetic theory
Distribution function and its evolution – Boltzmann ‘stransport equation and its
validity – Boltzmann’s H – theorem – Maxwell – Boltzmann ‘s distribution – Transport
phenomena – Mean free path.
UNIT III : Classical Statistical Mechanics
Introduction – Phase space and ensembles – Density function – Liouville’s
theorem – Maxwell – Boltzmann distribution law – Micro canonical ensemble – Ideal gas
– Entropy – Partition function – Principle of equipartition of energy – Canonical and
grand canonical ensemble.
UNIT IV : Quantum Statistical Mechanics
Basic Concepts – Bose – Einstein and Fermi – Dirac Statistics – Distribution laws
– Equations of state – Bose – Einstein condensation.
UNIT V: Applications of Q.S.M.
Ideal Bose gas: Photons – Black body and planck radiation – Photons – Specific
heat of solids – Liquid Helium.
Ideal Fermi gas : Properties – Degeneracy – Electron gas – Pauli paramagnetism
Books for study Relevant Chapters in
1. Fundamental of Statistical and thermal Physics – FREDERIC REIF.
2. Statistical Mechanics – Guptha Kumar & Sharma
3. Statistical Mechanics – Sathya Prakash & Agarwal.
Books for reference:
1. Statistical Mechanics (Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi,1963) – K.HUANG
2. Statistical Mechanics (Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi,1994) –
B.K.AGARWAL and M.EISNER.
3. Thermodynamics (Narosa, New Delhi,1989)- N. SEARS and L.SALINGER
4. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics (Springer, New York, 1995)-
W. GREINER, L. NEISE and H. STOCKER.
CCIV GENERAL EXPERIMENTS
ANY 12 EXPERIMENTS
1. Determination of q,, - Elliptical Fringes.
2. Determination of q,, - Hyperbolic Fringes.
3. Determination of Stefan’s Constant.
4. Hartmann’s Formula – Wavelength calculation.
5. Lecher wire – Dielectric constant determination.
6. e/m – Magnetron method
7. e/m – Thomson method.
8. Plank’s constant – Photoelectric effect.
9. Biprism – Wavelength determination – scale and Telescope method.
10. Spectrometer – Hydrogen Spectrum – Rydberg’s Constant.
11. Spectrometer – Polarisability of liquids.
12. Spectrometer – Charge of an electron.
13. Biprism – Determination of Refractive index.
14. Polarimeter – Determination of Specific rotatory power of a liquid.
15. Four probe method – Determination of resistivities of the given samples.
16. Forbe’s method – Determination of thermal conductivity.
17. Michelson’s interferometer – Determination of Wavelength of monochromatic
source.
18. B-H loop – Energy loss of the magnetic material – Anchor ring using BG.
19. Determination of L of a coil using Anderson’s method.
ECI-ELECTRONICS
UNIT I: IC Fabrication and Operational amplifier
Basic monolithic Ics- epitaxial growth- masking- etching-impurity diffusion-
Fabricating monolithic resistors ,diodes, Transistors, inductors and capacitors – circuit
layout – contacts and interconnections. Op- amp characteristics – Inverting and non
inverting amplifier – voltage follower – summing and Difference amplifier – integrating
and differential circuits – log and antilog amplifiers – Op – amp as Comparator – active
filters – low pass, high pass, band pass and band Rejection filters – solving simultaneous
and differential equations.
UNIT II: Op – amp Applications (Oscillators and Convertors)
Wien bridge, Phase shift Oscillators and twin-T oscillators – triangular, Saw –
tooth and square wave generators – Schmitt’s trigger – Sample and Hold circuits –
voltage control oscillator – phase locked loops – basic D to A conversion: weighted
resister DAC – binary R-2R ladder DAC – basic A to D Conversion: counter type ADC –
successive approximation converter – dual slope ADC.
UNIT III: Microprocessor architecture and software programs
8085 Microprocessor architecture – various registers – central processing unit of
micro computers – timing and control unit – instruction and data flow – system timings –
examples – Instruction set – Data transfer group – logical group – branch group – stack
and I/O control instructions – addressing modes.
BCD arithmetic programs – searching and array of a given number – choosing the
biggest and smallest numbers from a list – ascending and descending orders – square root
of a Microprocessor number – Time delay – square wave generator.
UNIT IV: Interfacing memory and I/O devices
Interfacing memory and devices – I/O and memory mapped I/O – Type of
Interfacing devices – Data transfer schemes – Programmed and DMA data transfer
schemes – programmable peripheral interface(8255A) – 8253 Timer Interface –DMA
controller – Programmable Interrupt controller(8259) –Programmable communication
Interface(8251).
UNIT V: Microwaves and Colour Television
Microwave generation and applications
Klystron – Magnetron – Microwave propagation through wave guides – Crystal
detection – measurement of SWR – Transmitters and receivers.
Colour Television
Introduction – Perception – Three colour theory – luminescence – TV camera –
Image Orthicon – Vidicon – LCD Colour Television.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
Relevant chapters in
1. J.MILMAN and C.C. HALKIAS, Integrated Electronics, Mc Graw Hill
(1972).
2. R.P. JAIN,Integrated Electronics, Mc Graw Hill.
3. B. RAM, Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Micro
computers(Dhanapet Rai and sons, New Delhi, 1995).
4. R. R. GULATI, Monochrome and Colour Television(Wiley Eastern, New
Delhi, 1995).
Books for reference
1. R.A. GAYAKWAD,OpAmps and linear integrated circuits, printice
Hall India pvt Ltd(1999).
2. G. KENNEDY, Electronic communication system, Tata Mc Graw
Hill Ltd, New Delhi(1995).
3. R. GOANKAR, Microprocessor architecture, programming and
applications (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1985).
CCV – MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS – II
UNIT I: Complex Analysis
Functions of complex variables – Differentiability – Cauchy Riemann conditions
– Complex integration – Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula – Taylor’s and
Laurent’s Series – Residues and Singularities – Cauchy’s residue theorem – Evaluation of
definite integrals.
UNIT II: Integral Transforms
Fourier series – Drichlet’s conditions – Determination of Fourier Coefficients –
Fourier integrals – Fourier transforms – Faltung theorem – Application to heat and wave
equations – Laplace transform – Convolution theorem – solution of ordinary differential
equations.
UNIT III: Green’s Function Techniques and Integral Equations
Green’s Function – Properties – Methods of solutions in one dimension –
Applications – Linear integral equations – Fredholm and Volterra type – Neumann series
– Eigen function expansion – Applications.
UNIT IV: Special Functions
Gamma and Beta functions – Sturm Liouville problem – Legendre, associated
Legendre, Bessel, Laugerre and Hermite Differential equations: Series solutions –
Rodriguez formula – generating functing – Orthogonality relations – important
recurrence relations.
UNIT V: Group Theory
Basic definitions – Multiplication table – sub groups, cosets and classes – direct
product groups – point groups – space groups – representation theory – Homomorphism
and isomorphism – reducible and irreducible representations – Schur ‘s Lemma – the
great
Orthogonality theorem – character table – C3v and D3h as examples – elementary ideas
of rotation groups.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Mathematical methods for Physicists & Engineers – Joshi
2. Mathematical Physics – Sathya Prakash
3. Mathematical Physics – B.D. Gupta
4. A.W. JOSHI, Elements for Group Theory of Physicists (Wiley Eastern, New
Delhi,1971)
Relevant chapters in
Books for reference:
1. L.A. PIPES and L.R. HARVILL, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and
Physicists(Mc Graw Hill, Singapore,1970)
2. E. KREYSZIG, Advanced Engineering Mathematics(Wiley Eastern, New
Delhi,1983)
3. G. ARFKEN and H.J. WEBER, Mathematical Methods for Physicists (Prism
Books, Bangalore
4. A.K. GHATAK, I.C. GOYAL and A.J.CHUA, Mathematical Physics
(McMillan, New Delhi,1995)
5. P.K. CHATTTOPADHYAY,Mathematical Physics(Wiley Eastern, New
Delhi, 1990)
6. W.W. BELL, Special functions for Scientists and Engineers (Van Nostrand,
New York, 1968)
CCVI – QUATUM MECHANICS
UNIT I: Schroedinger Equation and General Formulation
Schroedinger Equation – Physical meaning and conditions on the wave function –
Expectation values and Ehrenfest’s theorem – Hermitian operators and their properties –
Commutatos relations – Uncertainty relation – Bra and Ket vectors – Hilbert space –
Schrodinger, Heisenberg and interaction pictures.
UNIT II: Exactly Solvable Systems
Linear harmonic oscillator – Solving the one dimensional Schrodinger equation –
Abstract operator method – Particle in a box – Square well potential – Rectangular barrier
potential – Rigid rotator – Hydrogen atom.
UNIT III: Approximation Methods
Time independent perturbation theory: Non-degenerate perturbation and to tunneling
problem and quantization rules.
Time dependent perturbation theory: Harmonic perturbation – transition probability.
UNIT IV: Scattering theory and Angular momentum
Scattering theory: Scattering cross section – green’s function approach – Born
approximation – Partial wave analysis.
Angular momentum: Matrix representation of J – Spin angular momentum – Eigen
values – addition of angular momenta – Clebsch – Gordan coefficients (basic ideas only).
UNIT V: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Klein – Gordon equation for a free particle and in an electromagnetic field –
partial wave solutions – Dirac equation for a free particle – charge and current densities –
Dirac matrices – plane wave solutions – Negative energy states – spin angular
momentum – spin – orbit coupling
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. P.M. MATHEWS and K. VENKATESAN, A text book of Quantum
mechanics, (Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi,1987).
2. Quantum mechanics – Gupta Kumar
3. Quantum mechanics – Sathya Prakash
4. Theory & Problems of Quantum mechanics – Schaum outline series.
Books for reference
1. L. SCHIFF, Quantum mechanics (Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi,1968).
2. V. K. THANKAPPAN,Quantum mechanics(Wiley – Eastern, New
Delhi,1985)
3. J. SINGH, Quantum mechanics: Fundamentals and applications to
technology(John –Wiley, New York, 1997)
4. A. GOSWAMI, Quantum mechanics (W.C. Brown, Dubuque, 1992).
CCVII – ELECTRONICS EXPERIMENTS
ANY 12 EXPERIMENTS
1. Construction of Power Supply – Bridge rectifier.
2. Feed – back Amplifier.
3. Darlington Pair Amplifier.
4. Phase – shift oscillator.
5. Characteristics of UJT.
6. Common Source FET Amplifier.
7. Relaxation Oscillator – UJT.
8. Operational Amplifier – Parameters (Input impedance, Output impedance, Offset
voltage).
9. Operational Amplifier – Parameters (Inverting, Non inverting, Unit gain and
closed loop gain)
10. Operational Amplifier – Summing and Difference Amplifiers.
11. Operational Amplifier – Differentiating and integrating circuits.
12. Dual Power supply – Construction.
13. Bistable Multivibrator.
14. Common Drain FET amplifier.
15. Wein’s bridge oscillator.
16. SCR characteristics.
17. Operational amplifier filters.
18. DIAC, TRIAC Characteristics.
ELECTIVE COURSE II – PROGRAMMING IN C++
UNIT I
Principles of object oriented programme (OOP) – software evolution – object
oriented programming paradigm – Basic concepts of oop’s – Benefits fo oop’s.
Introduction to C++ - tokens – keyword’s – identifiers – variables – operators –
Manipulators Expressions.
UNIT II
Control structures in C++ - functions in C++ - Main function – Function
prototyping – Call by Reference – Return by reference – Function Overloading –
Friend and virtual functions.
UNIT III
Classes and objects : Species – passing object as Function arguments – Friend
functions – Constant Member functions – special member functions Constructors
- Destructors – Operator Overloading – Rules for Overloading operator – type
conversions
UNIT IV
Inheritance: Single Inheritance – multilevel Inheritance – Multiple Inheritance –
Hierarchical Inheritance.
Pointers – Virtual functions and polymorphism – Managing console I/O operators.
Working with Files: Classes for file stream operators – Opening and closing a file –
End – of – file, deduction – file pointers updation a file Handling during file
operations – Command line arguments.
UNIT V: Programs
1. Arranging words in alphabetical order.
2. Picking Largest and smallest of a set of numbers
3. Solving Quadratic equation
4. Multiplication of two square matric
5. Least square curve fitting
6. Integration – Simpson’s rule
7. To find the determinant of a matric
8. To find the inverse of a matric
9. Solution of differential equation by runge Kutta 11th order method
10. To solve simultaneous equations by Gauss Elimation method
Books for study and reference:
1. Object oriented programming in C++ E. Balagurusamy
Non Major Elective Course -LASER AND APPLICATIONS
UNIT I:
Lasers- Characteristic properties – Directionality – intensity – Monochromaticity
– Coherence – Principles of lasers – Absorption – Spontaneous emission – Stimulated
emission – Einstein’s theory of stimulated emission – Population inversion – Methods of
achieving population inversion – Schawlow and Townes Threshold condition.
UNIT II:
Types of lasers – Solid state lasers – Ruby laser – Construction and working –
Semiconductor – GaAs Laser – Advantages – Gas lasers – He –Ne laser – Working
principle – Energy level diagram – Argon ion laser – Helium cadmium laser – Molecular
gas laser – CO2 laser – Principle – Construction and working.
UNIT III:
Continuous wave and pulsed lasers – Nd – YAG laser – Tunable laser – Q
switching – Mode locking – Frequency doubling – Laser materials – Preparation and
testing.
UNIT IV:
Application of lasers – Interferometry – Testing of optical systems – Holography
– Lasers in communication – In computers – Weapons –Medical applications – Industrial
applications.
Books for study and reference:
1. Lasers and their applications Beesley, Taylor and Francis, London
2. Lasers principles and applications J.Wilson, J.F.B.Hawkers, Prentice Hall, 1987
Non Major Elective Course– ASTROPHYSICS
UNIT – I:
Structure of the solar system – Data on planets and orbits – Planetary cosmology
– Laplace hypothesis – Jean’s hypothesis – Schmidt’s theory – First and second stage of
evolution – Origin of proto- Planetary cloud – Composition of planets.
UNIT – II:
Eclipses – Solar – Lunar – Asteroids, Meteoroids and Comets – Structure of
comets – Internal constitution of the earth – Age of the earth.
UNIT III:
Cosmology: Galactic structure and Kinenatics – Galary –Elements of cosmology
– Cosmology from general relativity – Red shift – Hubble constant and age crisis –
Steady stat universe.
Books for study and reference:
1. Astronomy and Astro physics with V.B.Bhatia, Narosa publishing house, 2001
Elements of cosmology
2. A different approach to cosmology F.Hoyle, G.Burbidge & J.V. Narlikar,
Cambridge University
CCVIII – ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
UNIT- I : Atomic Spectra
Quantum states of electron in atoms – Hydrogen atom spectrum – Electron spin –
Stern – Gerlach experiment – Spin orbit interaction – Two electron systems – LS – JJ
coupling schemes – Fine structure – Spectroscopic terms and selection rules –
Hyperfine structure – Exchange symmetry of wave functions – Pauli’s exclusion
principle – Periodic table – Alkali type spectra – Equivalent electrons – Hund’s rule.
UNIT –II: Atoms in external fields and Quantum Chemistry
Quantum chemistry of molecules: Covalent, ionic and Waals instructions – Born
Oppenheimer approximation – Heitler – London and molecular orbital theories of H2
– Bonding and anti bonding – MOS Hartee fock equation self consistent field –
Huckel’s molecules approximation – Application to Butadiene and Benzene.
UNIT – III: Microwave and IR Spectroscopy
Rotational spectra of diatomic molecule – Non rigid rotator – Rotational spectra
of polyatomic molecules – linear and symmetric top molecules – Experimental
techniques vibrating diatomic molecule – Diatomic vibrating rotator – Linear and
symmetric top molecules analysis by IR techniques – Experimental techniques of
microwave spectroscopy – Inversion spectrum of ammonia.
UNIT – IV: Raman Spectroscopy and Electronic spectroscopy of molecules
Raman Spectroscopy: Raman effect – Quantum theory of Raman effect –
Rotational and vibration Raman shifts of Diatomic Molecules – Selection rules –
Experimental techniques of Raman Spectroscopy – Laser as a Raman source.
Electronic spectroscopy: Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules – The Frank
Condon principle – Dissociation energy and dissociation products – Rotational fine
structure of electronic vibration transistions.
UNIT – V: Resonance Spectroscopy
NMR: Basic principles – Classical and Quantum mechanical description – Bloth
equations – Spin – spin and spin lattice relaxation times – Chemical shift and
coupling constant- Experimental methods – single coil and double coil methods –
high resolution methods.
ESR: Basic principles – ESR spectrometer – Nuclear interaction and hyperfine
structure – Relaxation Effects – G factor – Characteristics – Free radical and
biological applications.
Massbauer Spectroscopy and its applications.
Books for Reference:
Relevent Chapters in
1. Fundamentals of molecular Spectroscopy C. N. Banwell McGraw Hill Newyork,
2. Spectroscopy Vol.I –B.P. Straughan & S.Walker Chapman and Hall, Newyork,
1976.
3. The feyman lectures on physics vol.III – R.P.Feynmanetal Narosa, New Delhi
1989
4. Introduction to modern iPhysics – H.S. Mani & G.K. Metha, Affiliated East west,
New Delhi
5. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry A.K. Chandra, Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi
6. High Resolution NMR – Pople Schneiduer &Berstein, McGraw Hill New York.
7. Atomic Structure and Chemical bond – Manas Chanda
8. Quantum Chemistry – Ira N. Leyine Pretic – Hall New Delhi, 1994
9. Concepts of modern Physics – Arthur Beiser, McGraw Hill New York, 1995
10. Atomic Spectra – White
11. Spectroscopy Vol.I – L. Straughan & Walker
12. Quantum Chemistry B.K. Sen
Books for study
1. Spectroscopy – Aruldoss
2. Spectroscopy – R. Chang
CC IX – ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
UNIT – I: Static Electric fields
Introduction – Columb’s law – Electric field – Electric flux density – Gauss law
with applications – Electrostatic potential and Equipotential surfaces – Boundary
conditions for electrostatic fields – Capacitance and capacitors – Electrostatic energy and
energy density – Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations – Uniqueness Theorem – Method of
images – Electrostatic boundary value problems.
UNIT – II: Static Magnetic fields
Introduction – Biot – Savart law and its application – Ampere’s Circuital law and
its application – Magnetic flux density – Magnetic scalar and vector potentials – Bountry
condition Magnetic fields – Inductance and Inductor – Energy stored in Magnetic field.
UNIT – III: Time varying field & Maxwell’s Equations
Introduction – Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction – Maxwell’s equations
– Boundary conditions doe electromagnetic fields – Time harmonic fields.
UNIT – IV: Electromagnetic Waves
Invariance of Maxwell’s equations – The Helmholtz equation – Plane waves in
Lossless medium – Plane waves in a lossy medium – pointing Vector and Power Flow in
Electromagnetic Fields – Polarisation of plane wave – Behaviour of
Plane waves at the interface of two media.
UNIT – V: Fundamentals of Antennas and Radiating Systems
Introduction – Fundamentals of Radiation – Radiated field of and Herzian dipole
– Basic Antenna Parameters – Half wave dipole Antenna – Quarter wave Monopole
Antenna – Small Loop Antennas – Introduction to Antenna Arrays
Books for study
Relevant chapters in
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics - David j. griffiths
2. Electromagnetic theory - Umesh sinha
3. Electromagnetic theory -Dr.P.P. Gupta
4. Electromagnetic theory -Chopra & Agrawal
5. Electromagnetic theory -B.B. Laud
6. Electromagnetic theory -Sathya Prakash
Books for Reference
1.Classical Electrodynamics – J.D. Jackson (2nd Ed) John Wiley & Sons
2.E.M. Waves & Radiating Systems –E.C.Jordon &Keith G.Balmeun
3.E.M. fields, Web course of national program on technology enhance learning by
prof.R.Battacharjee.
CCX – NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
UNIT –I: Basic Nuclear properties
Nuclear size, shape mass – charge distribution – spin and parity – Binding
energy – semiemprical mass formula – Nuclear stability – Mass parabola – Nature
of nuclear forces – Ground state of Deutron – Magnetic dipole moment of
Deutron – Proton – Neutron scattering at low energies – Effective range theory –
parital wave analysis – Scattering length, phase shift – properties of nuclear forces
– spin dependence – charge symmetry – charge independence – Repulsion at short
distance – Exchange forces – Meson theory
UNIT – II: Radioactive decays
Alpha emission – Giger – Nuttal law –Gamow’s theory – Neutrino
hypothesis – Fermi theory of beta decay – Curie point – Energies of beta spectrum
selection rules – Non conversation of parity –Gemma emission selection rules –
Transition probability – Internal conversion – Nuclear isomerism.
UNIT –III: Nuclear models
Q- values and kinematics of nuclear cross sections – Energy and angular
dependence – Reciprocity theorem – Breit Formula – Compound nucleus –
Resonance theory – Shell model – Liquid drop model.
UNIT – IV: Nuclear Reactors
Cyclotron – Synchrocyclotron – Synchrotron – Linear accelerators –
Characteristics of fission – Mass distribution of fragments – Radioactivity decay
process – Fission cross section – Energy in fission – Bohr Wheeler theory of
nuclear Fission – Fission reactors – Homogeneous reactors – Basic fusion
process –Characteristics of Fusion – Laser fusion – Plasma confinement.
UNIT – V: Elementary particles
Building blocks of nucleus – Nucleons, leptons, mesons, baryons,
hyperons, strange hadrons – Classification of fundamental forces and elementary
particles – Basic conservation laws – Additional conservation laws Baryonic
leptonic, strangeness and isospin charges – Quantum numbers – Gell – Mann –
Nishijima formula – Multiples – invariance under time reveals(T) charge
conjugation(C) nad parity (P) – TCP theorem – parity and conservation in weak
interactions – CP violation – Fold way and super multiples – SU (3) symmetry.
Books for Study and reference:
Relevant Chapters in ,
1. Introductory Nuclear Physics – K.S. Krane,John -Wiley, New York, 1987
2. Nuclear Physics an introduction – S.B.Patem,Wiley Eastern, New Delhi 1991
3. Concepts of Nuclear Physics – B.L. Cohen, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 1998
4. Nuclear Physics – H.S. Hans , New Age international Publishers, New Delhi
5. Elementary Particle Physics an introduction –D.C. Cheng &G.K. O’Neill,
Addition – Wesely, 1979
6. Introduction to elementary Particles – D. Giffits,Wiley particles international New
York 1987
7. The Atomic Nucleus – R.D. Evans, Tata McGraw Hill
8. Basic Nuclear Physics - D.N. Srivastava, Experimental and Theoretical Pragati
Prakashan, Meerut
9. Basic Nuclear Physics - D.C. Tayal
10. Nuclear Physics – Roy & Nigam, Wiley Eastern
11. Nuclear Physics – Sharma Pandya & Yadav
12. Nuclear Physics – S.K. Pandey.
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS
UNIT I: Transmission systems
Antennas:
Thin linear – Nonresonant antenna – loop antenna – Radiatioon fields –
polarization – Isotropic radiator – power gain – Effective parameters of an antenna –
Dipole arrayed antenna – VHF, UHF and microwave antennas.
UNIT II: Modulation Techniques
Modulation – Demodulation – Principle of amplitude , frequency and phase
modulation – simple circuit of coherent systems – Requirements of semiconductor lasers.
UNIT III: Fibre Structure and properties
Fibre structure – Fiber materials – Fiber fabrication – Mechanical properties of
fibers – Attenuation – Single distortion in optical waveguides – mode coupling
UNIT IV: Satellite communications
Ground station – Antenna,angle of elevation and transmission path – Height of
Geostation orbits – Problems – satellite works – Frequency allocation and polarization –
Various blocks of equipment about the satellite – Transmit and receive contour – Block
diagram of network control station(NCS) – Interconnecting telephone traffic between
remote stations.
UNIT V:Cellular communications
Basic ideas of Cellular network – Operational principles of WDM – the 2*2 fiber
Coupler – Fiber grating filters – Erbium Doped fiber Amplifiers – Amplications
mechanism – EDFA architecture – perfornmance of WDM+EDFA systems – Link
BANwidth – Optical power requirements for a specific BER – Cross talk – Optical
CDMA.
Books for study and reference
1. Optical fiber Communication – G.Keiser, McGraw Hill – New Delhi 1991
2. Understanding of fiber optics – J.Heeht,Sams Publishing BPB,1997
3. Optical fiber Communications – Principles and practice – J.M. Senior,
Prentice Hall, New Delhi 1996
4. Fiber Optics technology and applications – S.D.Personick,Khanna
Publishers, New Delhi 1996
5. Communication systems and techniques – M>Schwarits, W.R.Bannet
6. Electronic devices and circuits – J.Millman & C.Halkias. McGrawHill
Singapore 1972
7. Electronic communication system – G.Kennedy, Tata McGrawHill
-New Delhi 1995
8. Electronic communication – D. Roddy and Coolen
CONDENSED MATER PHYSICS
UNIT I: Lattice vibrations and Thermal properties
Vibrations of monoatomic lattice – lattices with two atoms per primitive cell-
Quantization of lattice vibrations – Phonon momemtum – Inelastic scattering of neutrons
by phonons –lattice heat capacity – Einstein model – Density of modes in one dimensions
and three dimensions – Debye model of the lattice heat capacity – Thermal conductivity –
Umpklapp process.
UNIT II: Free electron theory, Energy bands and semiconductor crystals
Energy levels and density of orbitals – Fermi Dirac distributions – Free electron
gas in three dimensions – heat capactity of electron gas – electrical conductivity and
Ohm’s law – motion in magnetic fields – Hall effect – Thermal conductivity of metals –
Nearly free electron model – Electron in periodic potential – Semiconductors – Bandgap
– effective mass – intrinsic carrier concentration.
UNIT III: Diamagnetism,Paramagnetism,Ferromagnetism and Antiferro
magnetism
Langevin classical theory of Diamagnetism and Paramagnetrrism – Weisss theory
– Quantum theory of paramagnetism – Demagnetisation of a paramagneti salt –
Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons – Hund’s rule – Konda effect –
Ferromagnetic order – Curie point and Exchange integral – temperature dependence of
saturation magnetization – magnons –ferromagnetic domains – orgin of domains –
coercive force – and hysterisis – Antiferromagnetic order.
UNIT IV:Dielectics and Ferroelecrics
Macroscopic electric field – Local electric field at an atom – Dielectric constant
and polarizablity – Classius Mossati equation – Polarization catastrophe – Ferroelectric
Domains.
UNIT V: Super conductivity
Occuerence of superconductivity – Meissnerr effect – Thermodynamics of
superconducting transition – London equation – Coherence length – BCS theory – flux
quantization -Type I and Type II superconductors – superconductor tunneling – DC and
AC Josephson effect.
SQUID:
Recent developments in high temperature superconductivity – applications of
Superconductors.
Books for study and reference
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics – C.Kittel Wiley Eastern New Delhi.
2. Solid State Physics – N.W.Ashorof & N.D.Mermin, ?Half ,Rineharf & Winston
Philadelphia
3. Solid Stte Physics – J.S.Blakemore, Cambridge University press
4. Solid State Physics – A.J.Dekker, Mc Millan Madras 1971
5. An Introduction to X-ray Crystallography – M.M. Woolfron, Cambridge
University Press 1991
6. Solid State Physics – S.O.Pillai, New Age international, New Delhi 1995
7. Solid State Physics – Singhal
8. Solid State Physics – Gupta, Kumar and Sharma.
CC XIII-PRACTICAL-III
ADVANCED ELECTRONICS I
1. Logic gates - Universality of NAND and NOR gates using Ics.
2. Verification of Demorgan’s theorem and Boolean expressions
3. Astable, monosteble multivibrators and Schmitt trigger using IC 555.
4. Construction of dual regulated Power supply.
5. Half and full wave precision rectifier using IC 741.
6. Quincke’s method - Determination Susceptiblity.
7. Digital to Analog convertor – Binary Weighted network method.
8. Study the function multiplexer and demultiplexer (1:8,1:4,8:1,4:1)
9. Study the function of Decoders and Encoders.
10. Flip flops – Clocked RS, Clocked D and RS flip flop.
11. Half adder and full adder (using NAND and NOR only)
12. Half Subtractor and full subtractor (using NAND and NOR only)
13. Digital comparator(using NAND and NOR only)
14. BCD seven segment display
15. Study of counter using IC 74900 (0-9 & 0-99)
16. DIAC & TRIAC characteristics.
17. Solving simultaneous equations.
18. Verification of Karnugh maps – Reduction & logic circuit implementation.
19. Set IC 7490 as a Scalar.
20. Ultrasonic Interferrometer.
CC XIV – PRACTICAL IV
ADVANCED ELECTRONICS II
A. Microproceesor practical
1. 8 Bit addition, subtraction,multiplication and division using 8085.
2. 16 bit addition,2’s complement and 1’s complement subtraction using 8085.
3. Conversion from decimal to octal and hexa systems.
4. Conversion from octal,hexa to decimal systems.
5. Largest and smallest element of N numbers.
6. Ascending and Descending order of N numbers using 8085.
7. Square, square root and factorial of a given number using 8085.
8. Sudy of DAC interfacing.
9. Study of ADC interfacing.
10. Traffic control system using microprocessor.
11. Stepper motor control using microprocessor.
B.Computer practicals by C++ programming
1. Roots of algebric equations – Newton Raphson method
2. Least square curve fitting – Straight line
3. Lagrangian interpolation method
4. Numerical intergration – Trapezoidal rule.
5. Numerical intergration – Simpdon’s rule.
6. Numerical integration – Euler’s rule.
7. Solution of differential equations – Runge Kutta 2nd order method.
8. Solution of differential equations – Runge Kutta 4th order method
9. Calculation of Hartmann,s constant.
10. Transpose of matrix.
Recommended