Governance to support deployment of Renewable Energy Systems · Around 130 GW total capacity of...

Professor Ralph E H SimsMassey University, New Zealand

R.E.Sims@massey.ac.nz

Governance to supportdeployment of

Renewable Energy Systems

Production of Renewable Energy as a Regional Development Policy in Rural Areas.

OECD Workshop, Montreal 15 September 2010.

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Aims in the next 20 minutes:

• Consider renewable energy resources

as available in many rural areas,

using a New Zealand farming

community case study.

• Outline a number of relevant policies.

• Provide examples of rural regions

where they have been successfully

employed.

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

World oil production by source

in the Reference Scenario

Six times the current oil capacity of Saudi Arabia

needs to be developed between 2010 & 2030.

Biofuels in 2050 – IEA E.T.P. Scenario

© OECD/IEA

To achieve a 2 C target will need electric and/or

fuel cell light duty vehicles in place.

0

150 000 million ha

arable land required.

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Heating accounts for around 40% of primary energy demand

Free download at www.iea.org

Annual electricity capacity additions needed for

the IEA 450 Policy Scenario – from 2012-2030.

Around 130 GW total capacity of renewable energy systems

will need to be installed annually, on average, in rural areas.

0 20 40 60

Solar and other renewables

Wind

Biomass and waste

Hydropower

Nuclear

Gas CCS

Coal CCS

GW

14 CCS coal-fired plants (800 MW each)

17 nuclear plants (1000 MW)

8 CCS gas-fired plants (500 MW)

10 New Zealand’s hydro

300 CHP plants (40 MW)

16000 turbines (3 MW)

© OECD/IEA - 2009

2.2 Mm solar panels, 200 Geothermal2

Rural district councils could help achieve the digital energy revolution?

Three farms with 5 houses and several farm buildings.

Good wind resource, 2000 hours per year of sunshine, and a good stream for micro-hydro running all year round.

Several forest plantations.

Strong interest by the community in developing renewable resources.

Renewable energy demonstration in a small rural New Zealand community

A vision for “distributed energy”

Houses

Wind sites

Solarimeter

Hydro sites

Farm buildings

3 farms

Forest plantations

Electricity profile – whole community• Typical peak in the evening

• Mid afternoon and night troughs

00:0

0

01:3

0

03:0

0

04:3

0

06:0

0

07:3

0

09:0

0

10:3

0

12:0

0

13:3

0

15:0

0

16:3

0

18:0

0

19:3

0

21:0

0

22:3

0

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

kWh

6.75-7.00

6.50-6.75

6.25-6.50

6.00-6.25

5.75-6.00

5.50-5.75

5.25-5.50

5.00-5.25

4.75-5.00

4.50-4.75

4.25-4.50

4.00-4.25

3.75-4.00

3.50-3.75

3.25-3.50

3.00-3.25

2.75-3.00

2.50-2.75

2.25-2.50

2.00-2.25

1.75-2.00

1.50-1.75

Solar resources• Low winter resource •Shading effects in the bottom

of the valley

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009 Mini-hydro resources

Wind resource• Windiest in late afternoons and evenings

and in spring and late summer.

00:0

0

02:0

0

04:0

0

06:0

0

08:0

0

10:0

0

12:0

0

14:0

0

16:0

0

18:0

0

20:0

0

22:0

0

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

m s-1

6.75-7.00

6.50-6.75

6.25-6.50

6.00-6.25

5.75-6.00

5.50-5.75

5.25-5.50

5.00-5.25

4.75-5.00

4.50-4.75

4.25-4.50

4.00-4.25

3.75-4.00

Wind /hydrogen energy system

Electricity H2 H2 Electricity

H2O

O2 H2 p

Turbine Electrolyser Pipe Fuel CellEnergy

Demand

Wind

The problem is that the wind does not always blow when the energy services

are needed

– so storage is required in the pipe.

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

What do people want?

This

Or this?

What do rural people want?

Communication is the key to successful deployment of renewable

energy technologies.

Technical solutions??

Social benefits??Employment

Wealth retention

New skills

Social cohesion Business opportunities

Protection of recreational areas

Pride and independence

Improved quality of life

Avoidance of climate change impacts

Good health

Sense of community

Energy security

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Governance principles for

renewable energy uptake

- Local governments can provide greater

understanding of the current and future

potential for renewable heating, cooling,

electricity and transport biofuels.

- Local policy makers can invest wisely to

enhance renewable energy deployment

and identify possible benefits for local

citizens and businesses.

- National, state and regional policy makers

should better appreciate the roles that

local rural governments might play in

increasing the uptake of renewables.

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

a) Rural district councils have local responsibilities:

They regulate:

• land use

• infrastructure

• public transport

• water supply

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

a) Rural district councils have local responsibilities:

They own:

• public buildings

• land

• vehicle fleets

• waste treatment facilities

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

b) Rural district councils are close to the community:

They have proximity to

• citizens

• local businesses

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Case study communities

Freiburg Im Breisgrau (DE)

Tokyo (JP)

Nagpur (IN)

Adelaide (AU)

Merton, London (UK)

Växjö (SE)

Masdar City(AE)

El Hierro (ES)

Samso(DK)

Güssing (AT)

Greensburg, Kansas (US)

Cape Town (ZA)

Palmerston North (NZ)

Case-studies

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Regulations - Sticks!

Barcelona Solar Ordinance

“The Merton Rule”Merton Borough,

London -

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Financial incentives - Carrots!

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Guidance, (Training, information, education,

demonstration, private ownership)

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Voluntary actions(Operation, self-governance, leadership, security of energy supply, employment)

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

100% renewable heat and power:

Växjö, Sweden

Güssing, Austria

Benefits of energy security, independence, competitiveness.

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

Policy recommendations for local and regional governance

• Learn from other rural district examples, but fit them to local circumstances.

• Deploy renewable energy in parallel with energy efficiency measures.

• Analyse the potential co-benefits from enhancing renewable energy systems.

• Develop policies that support the transition to decentralised heating, cooling and power generation systems.

© O

ECD

/IEA -

2009

In summary Where good renewable energy resources

are good, costs for heating, transport and power generation can be very competitive with conventional energy systems.

For deployment of mature technologies, where good resources exist, policies and measures may not be needed.

Examples of successful policies already exist in many rural towns and could be deployed more widely.

The multi co-benefits of renewable energy need to be identified by policy makers and taken into account when developing supporting policies.